Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
  • B21C9/02—Selection of compositions therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
  • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
  • B21D22/201—Work-pieces; preparation of the work-pieces, e.g. lubricating, coating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M7/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/022—Ethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/024—Propene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/16—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
  • C10M2209/062—Vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acids, e.g. vinyl acetate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2213/02—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained from monomers containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2213/06—Perfluoro polymers
  • C10M2213/062—Polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/242—Hot working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/243—Cold working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
  • C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/08—Solids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

• a lubricant In a process for drawing metals, a lubricant is generally employed to lubricate dies and work piece.
• the action of a drawing lubricant has .a practical value.
• friction and surface damage to both die and work piece are materially reduced. If not controlled, high friction could result in oifsize and damaged work pieces and shorter service life of the die setup.
• lubricants have been proposed for drawing metals.
• soft metals principally lead
• solid non-metallic lubricants such as waxes, hard soap, solid greases and the like
• liquid lubricants such as mineral oils compounded with fatty materials and soaps.
• Precoating the metal with materials such as lime or phosphate is also known.
• the metal to be worked is first coated with phosphate by dipping the metal into a warm phosphate solution and then rinsed.
• a soap lubricant such as sodium oleate or calcium stearateor the like is then applied to the phosphate coated metal and allowed to dry.
• the metal is then drawn through appropriate dies.
• the phosphate-soap method permits multiple reductions to a large ultimate reductionin size without intermediate relubrication, the method is objectionable in that excessive handling is required, the operation is messy and liquid and fumes from the phosphate solution are rather corrosive to the physical plant.
• the reduced 'metal has a rather grey color and sometimes a quite dark color which is objectionable to those customers who desire a bright finish.
• metal can be drawn to a large total reduction in size (e.g., to about 70 to 85%) and a bright finish when the Work metal is lubricated with a lubricant comprising a solid high molecular weight polymer characterized by a long carbon chain back bone and having an average molecular weight (by light scattering technique) of about 10,000 to about 1,000,000.
• a lubricant comprising a solid high molecular weight polymer characterized by a long carbon chain back bone and having an average molecular weight (by light scattering technique) of about 10,000 to about 1,000,000.
• Such polymers are prepared from oneormore monomers having from about 2-10 carbon atoms per molecule and a carbon to carbon double bond.
• Thepolymer can be a homopolymer or a copolymer.
• Highly suitable polymers are copolymers of ethylene with another monomer, e.g., propylene. such a copolymer mixed with Wax.
• Suitable catalysts are formed from a transition metal compound and metal-organic compound capable of acting as a reducing' agent.
• Such monomers include, for example, hydrocarbons such as ethylene, propylene, and styrene; vinyl compounds such as vinyl chloride, and vinyl acetate; and the like.
• Homopolymers are amorphous or highly crystalline depending upon the particular monomer used, the particular catalyst and the particular polymerization conditions. In general, monomers in which R is an unbranched C or higher alkyl group generally result in polymers which are not crystalline. Monomers known to produce stereoregular crystalline polymers are propylene, 3-methyl-lbutene, 4-methyl-1-pentane, 4-methyl-l-hexane and the like. Polymers, for example, polypropylene, having a high degree of crystallinity as measured by X-ray analysis usually contain only a very small proportion of material which is extractable in boiling hydrocarbons, such as gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons. Typically, the proportion of highly crystalline polypropylene which is extractable in boiling heptane or iso-octane is less than 10% and usually less than 5%.
• Copolymers are prepared by polymerizing two or more monomers. In general, copolymers are less crystalline than the homopolymers because of greater irregularity in structure. Highly suitable copolymers are the copolymers of ethylene with other monomers having from 2-10 carbon atoms and a carbon to carbon double bond, preferably monomers such as C C alpha-olefins, vinyl compounds such as vinyl acetate, and the like. Copolymers of ethylene and propylene are preferred. Average molecular weight of the copolymers is generally from about 20,000 to 800,000 and preferably about 200,000 to 400,000.
• Polymers having a long carbon chain back-bone may be prepared, for example, by the copolymerization of unsubstituted diolefins, such as butadiene, or alkyl substituted diolefins, such as isoprene, and hydrogenation of the copolymer to eliminate any remaining unsaturated
• An especially suitable lubricant comprises
• the metal to be worked is coated with a dry film of the lubricant. and is then drawn through a suitable die.
• the lubricant can be'applied by dipping the work piece into molten lubricant;
• the amorphous or relatively non-crystalline polymers can usually be extended with other materials such as wax to reduce the overall cost of the lubricant.
• polymer must be at least partially soluble in the wax.
• linear polymers having a long carbon chain back-bone which is relatively free of hydrophilic functional groups attached thereto, such as hydroxyl andaryl groups are suitable.
• Such polymers are typified by polymers of alpha-olefins, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and the copolymers of ethylene with other monomers such as alpha-olefins, vinyl ace- I tate, and the like.
• molecular weight of a given polymer determines in large part its solubility in wax.
• it is the relatively low molecular weight polyethylene or polypropylene which is of such low crystallinity as to be readily soluble in wax
• the high molecular weight polymers of polyethylene or polypropylene have a high degree of crystallinity and are much less soluble in wax.
• the molecular Weight of the polymers which are to be extended with wax for use as a lubricant in the present process will be no greater than about 500,000 and generally much less.
• the Wax solubility of the given polymer is readily determined simply by heating and mixing the polymer in question with an appropriate amount of wax.
• copolymers of ethylene are preferred and are comprised of from about 60% to 99% ethylene, usually from about 7595% ethylene.
• Any suitable wax can be used to modify the polymers but in general petroleum waxes are readily available and relatively inexpensive and are preferred.
• the petroleum waxes are referred to in the art as paraflin wax or microcrystalline wax.
• Micro-crystalline .wax is also known as amorphous wax and is obtained by the dewaxing of residual lubricating oils.
• the paraffin waxes are usually obtained by the dewaxing of distillate lubricating oil fractions. Distillate paraffin waxes usually have melting points between about 120 F. and 145 F., preferably between about 125-140 F.
• Micro-crystalline waxes which contain only minor amounts of normal paraflins and are largely highly branched and naphthenic waxes have melting points on the order of 130-160 F., usually between about 140150 F.
• the higher melting point waxes are especially useful for blending with the lubricant used in the present invention.
• These include heavy distillate waxes obtained from high boiling distillate lubricating oil fractions which have melting points on the order of 145185 F., as well as the high melting point paraflin wax split from microcryst-alline wax by fractional crystallization.
• wax can be blended with a polymer over a wide range of concentrations. For example, it appears to be necessary or at least highly desirable to co-ordinate the unbranched chain link of the individual wax molecules with the unbranched chain link of the polymer employed.
• the degree of branching in a coplymer of ethylene with a higher alpha-olefin is established by the mole ratio of ethylene to the higher alphaolefin. It is desirable to have a limited spectrum of unbranched chain units in a copolymer to coordinate with the several wax species present in a normal petroleum wax.
• Petroleum waxes contain a spectrum of wax species and an example of such a wax spectrum is to be found in the figires of Arabian, US Patent 2,915,447 and particularly in Table II of said patent.
• a parafiin wax having an average melting point of 123 F. contains about 86 mole percent of normal parafiins having from 22 to 27 carbon atoms per molecule.
• a paraffin wax having an average melting petroleum solvents, as a vehicle for the polymer or wax polymer blend used as a lubricant in the present process is generally objectionable from the standpoint of cost and or wax polymer blend.
• Suitable emulsions contain from about 1 to 15% and preferably from about 5 to 10% by weight of the lubricant in water.
• Highly suitable aqueous emulsions are prepared from a blend of petroleum wax and ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer.
• the copolymer contains on the order of to moles of ethylene per mole of a C alpha-olefin and has an intrinsic viscosity of between about 2-5.
• the copolymers are those formed from about 85- 93% of ethylene and 15-70% of a C alpha-olefin.
• Composition of the wax copolymer blend is from about 40-95% 'by weight of petroleum wax and from about 5-60% by weight of the copolymer.
• Compositions containing from about 6777% wax and 33-23% copolymer have been found to have especially good properties and are therefore preferred.
• emulsions of a blend of wax and ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer are described in co-pending application by Sawyer et 211., Serial No. 277,702, filed May 3, 1963.
• emulsions of polymers alone without the wax can be made such as, for example, polyisoprene, polybutad-iene, ethylene and propylene copolymer, polyethylene and the like. Some are available commercially.
• test rods used are 0.250 inch diameter AISI C1018 mild carbon steel rods, annealed in a protective atmosphere for one hour at 1650 F.
• the rods were drawn through a series of dies in successive draws without relubrication between draws until lubricant failure occurred as judged by the presence of surface damage on the rods.
• the sequence of dies (R-5 Carboloy dies, 8 angle) and reduction involved are as follows:
• a thin film of lubricant was applied to the test rod by dipping the rod into a cyclohexane solution of the lubricant or an aqueous emulsion of the lubricant followed by air drying.
• test A an ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPC) having an intrinsic viscosity of 3.1 deciliters/ g. in decalin at 150 C. and an average molecular weight of 4x10 was used as the lubricant.
• the ethylene-propylene mole ratio in this copolymer was 9:1.
• tests B and C this copolymer extended with Wax was used.
• the wax polymer mixture contained 30% wt. copolymer and 70% wt. residual paraffin wax (melting point about 183 F. and sold commercially by Shell Oil Company under the name Shellwax 700).
• test D a coplymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate sold by E. I. du Pont de Nemoursunder the name Elvax 250 was used. This copolymer was extended with petroleum wax to provide a mixture containing 30% wt. Elvax 250, 35% wt. Shellwax 700 and 35% wt. Shellwax (a paraffin wax sold by Shell Oil Company). This mixture was applied from a hot (60 C.) cyclohexane solution since Elvax precipitates from solution if the solution is allowed to cool.
• test E sodium oleate soap and in test F
• a phosphate pretreated rod lubricated with Granolube No. 10 (a commercial product of Amchem Products, Inc.).
• a film of sodium oleate was deposited on the test rods by dipping the rods for five minutes in a hot (60 C.) 10% aqueous solution of the sodium oleate (99.5% purity) followed by draining and drying in air for 24 hours.
• test rods were treated with zinc phosphate solution (Granodraw, a product of Amchem Products Incorporated).
• the phosphate treated rods which were grey and etched to a matte finish, were lubricated With ranolube No. 10.
• a process for drawing metal which comprises coating the metal with a lubricant consisting essentially of a polymer characterized by a long carbon chain back-bone and having an average molecular weight in the range from 6000 and allowed to dry.
• Carbowax 6000 is a solid poly- 5 about 20,000 to about 800,000, said polymer being a comer reported to have an average molecular weight in the polymer of ethylene with a monomer having from 2-10 range 6000-7500. carbon atoms and a carbon to carbon double bond, and
• the low molecular weight 9 A process according to claim 6 wherein the monomer polymers such as the solid polyethylene glycol are un- Vinyl acetatesuitable.
• a process for drawing metal which comprises coat- A process drawmg metal i h compns.es coat the metal with a lubricant consistin essentiau of a mg the metal with a lubricant consisting essentially of 1 d 1 h d b 1 h a copolymer of ethylene and propylene containing from so 1 p0 ymer.
• c enze y (mg ac about 75 to 95% by weight ethylene and having an averbone and having an average molecular weight mt erange age molecular Weight of from about 20,000 to 800,000 of about 10,000 to about 1,000,000, and drawing the and drawing the coated metalthrough a Coated metal through? 13.
• Coat lubricant contains from about to 90% by weight wax. mg the metal with a lubricant consisting essentially of a 14.
• the coatsolid polymer characterized by a long carbon chain backing is eifected by dipping the metal into an aqueous disbone and having an average molecular weight in the range persion of said lubricant, and drying the dipped metal.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23337411

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (19)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (2)

• 1964
  • 1964-01-30 US US341405A patent/US3250103A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1965
  • 1965-01-28 GB GB3879/65A patent/GB1035012A/en not_active Expired
  • 1965-01-28 BE BE658978D patent/BE658978A/xx unknown
  • 1965-01-28 DE DES95223A patent/DE1258538B/de active Pending

Patent Citations (2)

Also Published As

Similar Documents