US3249676A - Heating means - Google Patents

Heating means Download PDF

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Publication number
US3249676A
US3249676A US321862A US32186263A US3249676A US 3249676 A US3249676 A US 3249676A US 321862 A US321862 A US 321862A US 32186263 A US32186263 A US 32186263A US 3249676 A US3249676 A US 3249676A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
weight
heat resistant
composition
furnace
oxide
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US321862A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rydinger Mats
Fredriksson Bengt
Blaus Janis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Norden Holding AB
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Allmanna Svenska Elektriska AB
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/16—Furnaces having endless cores
    • H05B6/20—Furnaces having endless cores having melting channel only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
    • C04B35/04—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
    • C04B35/043—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
    • C04B35/047—Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing chromium oxide or chrome ore
    • C04B35/0476—Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing chromium oxide or chrome ore obtained from prereacted sintered grains ("simultaneous sinter")
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/12—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on chromium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/42—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on chromites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/44—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5241—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an inductively heated furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • HEATING MEANS Filed Nov. 6, 1963 United States Patent 7 HEATING MEANS Mats Rydinger, Bengt Fredriksson, and Janis Blaus,
  • exchangeable burner heads measuring inserts with enclosed measuring device (e.g., thermostats), inspection stones, sealing doors in metallurgical furnaces and the lining in inductor units of channel type, which are exchangeable and are in contact with the lining of the furnace crucible.
  • enclosed measuring device e.g., thermostats
  • inspection stones sealing doors in metallurgical furnaces
  • the lining in inductor units of channel type which are exchangeable and are in contact with the lining of the furnace crucible.
  • chrome spinel has also been suggested. For chrome spine], however, the heat resistance is limited to temperatures which lie below those occurring in many cases, so that the risk of sintering together in narrow joints cannot be avoided.
  • the present invention relates to a heating means comprising at least two ceramic parts which border on each I other, e.g., a metallurgical furnace with a ceramic lining and with an exchangeable inductor unit with a ceramic lining, in which means a heat resistant composition is arranged between the ceramic parts in order to prevent a sintering together of these, characterised in that the heat resistant composition comprises at least 85% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, magnesium oxide and chromium oxide, of which at least 90% by weight are linked to each other as magnesium chromite.
  • the chemical composition of the magnesium chromite is MgO-Cr O
  • the composition contains at the most 6% by weight each of free magnesium oxide, MgO, and chromium oxide, 050,.
  • the composition should consist wholly of magnesium chromite.
  • the composition should contain at the most 6% by weight of impurities.
  • Impurities in the form of aluminium oxide and iron oxide should amount to at the most 3% by weight of each, and in the form of silicon dioxide to atthe most 2% by weight.
  • the particle size of the composition is adapted to the intended layer thickness of the joint which will be made of the composition and to the method of application, e.g., painting or put-tying.
  • composition is to be used for making a joint with a certain thickness it is suitable that 20-70, preferably 30-60% by weight of the particles have a size which is substantially equal to the intended thickness of the joint which is to be made, While the remaining particles have a size which is considerably less, preferably below about A of the intended joint thickness. If the joint which is to be made is to have a thickness of 1 mm. it is thus suitable that 2070%, preferably 30-60% by weight of the particles have a size of about 1 mm. and the rest of the particles a size which lies below about 0.25 mm.
  • the coarser particles act as spacing elements between the ceramic parts and the finer particles fill up the interstices between the coarser particles.
  • a binder is preferably chosen one which upon heating evaporates or decomposes without leaving any 3,249,675 Patented May 3, 1966- residue or a residue which does not promote sintering.
  • the content of binder suitably amounts to at most 9% by weight.
  • binders examples include cellulose derivatives such as ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, carboximethylcellulose and methylcellulose, polymerised vinyl compounds such as polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl alcohol, starch, dextrin, different types of resinous binders such as melamine resins, urea resins and ester resins, etc.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a part of a furnace, e.g., a melting or holding furnace for iron, in the form of a section through an inductor unit along the line AA in FIGURE 2 and a part of the lining of the furnace body
  • FIGURE 2 shows a section along the line B-B in FIGURE 1, the core and coil being removed.
  • FIGURE 3 is a side view and FIGURE 4 a front view of such a holding furnace.
  • the inductor unit 1 has, as usual, an iron core 2, a coil 3, a melting channel 4, a lining 5 and a casing 6. Only a small part of the furnace body 7 is shown.
  • the lining of the furnace body consists of an inner layer 8 of heat resistant sintered ceramic material and an outer layer 9 of non-sintered material in powdered form.
  • An insulating mantle 10 of conventional ceramic material encloses the outer layer 9 and is enclosed in turn by a metallic casing 11.
  • the linings 5 and 8 may each be of neutral, basic and acid type, and of mutually different types.
  • the lining 5 may for example be basic, when the lining 8 is acid.
  • the outer layer 9 is reinforced by a ring-shaped plate 12 which supports a ring-shaped cooling channel 13 which is engaged by the outer layer 9.
  • the cooling channel 13, the plate 12 and an outer wall 14 and ceiling 15 form a space 16 which serves as a drain-age channel for condensed water from the cooling channel 13 and for Water possibly leaking therefrom.
  • a joint material 17 Between the lining of the furnace body and the inductor unitis inserted a joint material 17 according to the invention..
  • the casing 6 of the inductor unit is surrounded by a wall 18, so that a space 19 is formed, which thus acts as drainage chamber. 20 which are attached by lugs 21 to the casing 6.
  • the uppermost cooling pipe concentrates, as will be seen, the cooling efiiect upon the joint between the furnace body and the inductor unit. The latter is fixed to the furnace body by means of screws 22. In order to obviate a short-circuited secondary loop in the casing 6 and mantle 18 these parts are interrupted by an insulated gap 23 which is positioned below the zone of concentrated cooling.
  • the joint 17 may be produced in different ways, of which some are exemplified below:
  • a suitable oonsistence for application it is mixed with a suitable amount of tetrahydrofurane.
  • the composition is painted or puttied on each or both the surfaces on the lining bodies 5 and 8 which face each other so that a joint about 1 mm. thick is produced.
  • the tetrahydrofurane evaporates rapidly from the joint.
  • the polyvinyl chloride is decomposed to gaseous products 7 which escape.
  • Another usable composition may be produced by mixing 96 parts by weight of magnesium chromite with an average particle size of 0.55-.65 mm, of which 45 parts by weight have a particle size of 1.682.0 mm. and the rest a particle size less than 0.5 mm., with 4 parts -by weight of a urea resin.
  • the compound is diluted with water to suitable consistency. It is then applied in a 2 mm. thick layer in the same way as previously described. Binder and diluting agent escape also in this case.
  • a further usable composition may be produced by mixing 99 parts by weight of magnesium chromite with an average particle size of 0.50-0.65 mm., of which 55 parts by weight have a particle size of 1.68-2.0 mm. and the rest a particle size less than 0.5 mm., with 1 part by weight of ethylhydroxyethylcellulose.
  • the composition is diluted with water to suitable consistency. It is then applied in a 2 mm. thick layer in the way previously described. Binder and diluting agent escape in conjunction with the starting up of the furnace.
  • the heating means constitutes a furnace
  • Heating means comprising at least two ceramic parts having surfaces turned towards each other, a heat and the percentage of silica in the composition at the most 2.
  • said heat resistant composition arranged between and separating said surfaces for preventing said parts from sintering together, said heat resistant composition comprising at least 85% by Weight of magnesium oxide and chromium oxide, at least 90% by weight of the magnesium oxide and chromium oxide being linked to each other as magnesium chromite.
  • Furnace comprising a furnace body with a lining of heat resistant material on the inside, at least one inductor unit replaceably attached to the furnace body with a lining of heat resistant material on the inside, said linings facing each other in the assembled furnace, a layer of a heat resistant composition between the lining of the furnace body and the lining of inductor unit for preventing said linings from sintering together, said heat resistant composition comprising at least by weight of magnesium oxide and chromium oxide, at least by weight of the magnesium oxide and chromium oxide being linked to each other as magnesium chromite.
  • said heat resistant composition comprises at most 6% by weight of impurities in the form of aluminium oxide, iron oxide and silica, the percentages of aluminium oxide and iron oxide in the composition being at the most 3 and the percentage of silica in the composition at the most 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
US321862A 1962-11-23 1963-11-06 Heating means Expired - Lifetime US3249676A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE12581/62A SE314936B (de) 1962-11-23 1962-11-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3249676A true US3249676A (en) 1966-05-03

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US321862A Expired - Lifetime US3249676A (en) 1962-11-23 1963-11-06 Heating means

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US (1) US3249676A (de)
CH (1) CH476960A (de)
CS (1) CS150157B2 (de)
GB (1) GB1057388A (de)
SE (1) SE314936B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3394216A (en) * 1965-11-10 1968-07-23 Dresser Ind Core-type induction furnace
US3401227A (en) * 1966-02-09 1968-09-10 Trw Inc Liner for crucibles
US3440323A (en) * 1966-07-06 1969-04-22 Ass Elect Ind Refractory crucibles
US3485928A (en) * 1967-02-03 1969-12-23 Hitachi Cable Inductor for low-frequency induction furnace
US3522355A (en) * 1966-10-19 1970-07-28 Ass Elect Ind Induction heating arrangements
US3591698A (en) * 1966-11-09 1971-07-06 Ass Elect Ind Metal treatment apparatus

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2599566A (en) * 1951-06-27 1952-06-10 Corhart Refractories Co Chrome-magnesia refractories
US3100237A (en) * 1960-05-21 1963-08-06 Asea Ab Low frequency induction furnace of the melting channel type
US3154624A (en) * 1962-02-21 1964-10-27 Harbison Walker Refractories Ramming mix

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2599566A (en) * 1951-06-27 1952-06-10 Corhart Refractories Co Chrome-magnesia refractories
US3100237A (en) * 1960-05-21 1963-08-06 Asea Ab Low frequency induction furnace of the melting channel type
US3154624A (en) * 1962-02-21 1964-10-27 Harbison Walker Refractories Ramming mix

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3394216A (en) * 1965-11-10 1968-07-23 Dresser Ind Core-type induction furnace
US3401227A (en) * 1966-02-09 1968-09-10 Trw Inc Liner for crucibles
US3440323A (en) * 1966-07-06 1969-04-22 Ass Elect Ind Refractory crucibles
US3522355A (en) * 1966-10-19 1970-07-28 Ass Elect Ind Induction heating arrangements
US3591698A (en) * 1966-11-09 1971-07-06 Ass Elect Ind Metal treatment apparatus
US3485928A (en) * 1967-02-03 1969-12-23 Hitachi Cable Inductor for low-frequency induction furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH476960A (de) 1969-08-15
CS150157B2 (de) 1973-09-04
GB1057388A (en) 1967-02-01
SE314936B (de) 1969-09-15

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