US3249308A - Fuel injector for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Fuel injector for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3249308A
US3249308A US298995A US29899563A US3249308A US 3249308 A US3249308 A US 3249308A US 298995 A US298995 A US 298995A US 29899563 A US29899563 A US 29899563A US 3249308 A US3249308 A US 3249308A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
needle
bore
bearing surfaces
cylindrical
injector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US298995A
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English (en)
Inventor
Cadiou Jean Georges
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Automobiles Citroen SA
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Andre Citroen SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andre Citroen SA filed Critical Andre Citroen SA
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Publication of US3249308A publication Critical patent/US3249308A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/06—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves being furnished at seated ends with pintle or plug shaped extensions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow

Definitions

  • Such mechanical injectors are closed under the action of a return spring which returns the valve head onto its seat and whose tension is so adjusted that the needle begins to move only at a predetermined pressure called the calibration pressure.
  • Some injection devices in which the valve head opens in the direction of ow of the fuel make use of a phenomenon known as the needle differential effect, which consists of an increase in the surface area over which the pressure is exerted during operation. After the valve has opened, the pressure acts over a section of the needle with a surface area which is effectively greater than that of the valve and thus causes the valve to open rapidly.
  • the needle differential effect consists of an increase in the surface area over which the pressure is exerted during operation. After the valve has opened, the pressure acts over a section of the needle with a surface area which is effectively greater than that of the valve and thus causes the valve to open rapidly.
  • Another kno-wn injector which is more simple to manufacture, has only two distinctly differentiated bearing surfaces.
  • the invention consists in a fuelinjector for an internal combustion engine, having a spindle or needle carrying a valve head or body for application against a seating, wherein the spindle or needlehas three bearing surfaces, of which two are cylindrical and are at the two ends of the spindle or needle, and one is conical and in the neigborhood of the injection valve head, the spindle or needle being guided by said two cylindrical bearing surfaces and the valve seal being provided by the conical bearing surfaces land the cylindrical bearing surface nearer the valve head.
  • the cylindrical portion of the spindle or needle which is located immediately after the conical valve head, is provided with plane surfaces defining channels opening into an annular discharge orifice.
  • This orifice is limited on the one hand by a bore of larger diameter in the body of the injector and on the other hand by the corresponding cylindrical part of the valve head constituting the bearing surface.
  • the valve head is also provided, at the level of the stage providing both the seal and the guides for the spindle or needle, with chamfers, the number and dimensions of which will be given later on in the description, which ensure the passage of the fuel and also enable the lower end of the spindle or needle to be permanently guided.
  • the spindle or needle is provided at the end opposite the valve head with a washer ofappropriate shape, through which the tension of the return spring is applied to said valve'head.
  • the present invention also relates,by way of new industrial products, to apparatus in which the present device is used, and to fixed or mobile assemblies, and in particular, motors provided with such apparatus.
  • FIGURE 1 shows an injector in accordance with the present invention, in the closed position, in diagrammatic axial section;
  • FIGURE 2 shows a section made along the line A-A through the injector shown in FIGURE l;
  • FIGURE 3 shows a more detailed view of the needle separated from the injector shown in FIGURE l;
  • FIGURE 4 is a side View, on a larger scale, of the injection poppet valve in the closed position
  • FIGURE 5 is a side View, on a larger scale, of the injection valve in the open position
  • FIGURE 6 shows the injection valve in cross-section along the line B-B of FIGURE 3;
  • FIGURE 7 shows a section of the washer mounted at the upper end of the spindle or needle
  • FIGURE 8 shows the same washer, seen from above.
  • a body 1 which has a multi-stage bore axially therein, acts as a feed for fuel under pressure.
  • the said body 1 is housed in an injector-holder 3 and i-s held in position by an end-plug 4 screwed into'a threaded 3 female portion 5 in the said injector-holder 3, the said end-plug 4 carrying a conventional connection 6 for connecting the injector to the injection pump.
  • the body 1 of the injector has two coaxial cylindrical chambers 7 and 8 which intercommunicate via a narrow co-axial channel 9, and th-rough which the stem of the injector spindle or needle 10 may be passed.
  • the chamber 7 located at the lower end of the injector comprises a conical seat 11 against which the head lor moving portion 12. of the valve, which is located at the lower end of the injector spindle 10, is applied, and, also a cylindrical bearing surface 13 guiding the piston or slide portion 14 of the valve head, the lower end 15 of this cylindrical bea-ring surface being turned to a slightly larger diameter so as to define, together with the corresponding portion of the spindle, an annular outlet orifice 16.
  • the chamber 8 provides a seat for a spring 17 bearing on the base thereof and enabling the injector spindle 10 to be guided -by means of a guide sleeve 25 sliding in the upper portion of the said chamber.
  • Vthe stem yof the injection spindle 10 With the exception of the valve head, the largest diameter of Vthe stem yof the injection spindle 10 must be less than that of the narrow channel 9, so that it can be inserted into the body of the injector. This spindle is acted on both by the pressure of the liquid to be injected and by the pressure of the return spring 17.
  • valve head 12 has a conical shoulder portion 18 applied again-st the seat 11 and a cylindrical Apiston or slide portion 14 of which the diameter is very slightly less than that of the chamber 7, so as to achieve a satisfactory hermetic seal.
  • the said piston or slide portion 14, which is guided by the bea-ring surface 13, is provided with lateral chamfers such as 19, evenly distributed around its periphery, which define free spaces 20 between the spindle and the body of the injector which enable the fuel to pass through.
  • chamfers are cut only into the upper portion of the piston or sliding portion (referring to the position shown), so that so long as the injector is closed they cannot open into the discharge orifice 16. 'Iheir number, and thedepth to which they are machined, are determined by the area of the cross-section of the passage it is sought to provide.
  • This area is in the neighborhood of the area of the cross-section of the discharge orifice and depends -both on the minimum volume of liquid to be injected, so as to allow for sufiicient velocity of the jet, and on the maximum volume, so as not to exceed maxi-mum permissible pressure values. Moreover, it has the advantage of remaining constant throughout the entire injection stroke.
  • the cylindrical piston or sliding portion 14 leads to a throat 21 and then to a divergent conical extension 22 which defiects the jet emerging from the discharge hole and atomizes it.
  • the said conical extension 22 remains permanently outside the body lof the injection 1.
  • the spindle 10 is constituted over the greater part of its length by a 4stem 23, the diameter of which has been reduced in order to reduce its Weight and to allow for the necessary passage of fuel.
  • This stern has an enlarged portion encircled by a bearing surface 24, on which a sleeve is mounted with very slight play.
  • This guide sleeve 25 guides the injection spindle 10 and bears, under the action of the spring, on a washer 26 engaged in a throat 33 on the spindle.
  • the said guide sleeve 25- is provided with a flange 27 which comes into contact at the end of its travel with the upper surface ofthe injector and limits the movement of the valve portion 18, preventing the piston or sliding portion 14 from completely leaving the annular discharge orifice 16l
  • the cylindrical portion 28 which carries the bearing surface l24, slides freely in the bore 29 in the chamber 8, and is provided withchamfers 30 which canbe seen in FlGURE 2 and which enable the fuel to flow directly into the said chamber 8.
  • the chamfers 30 communicate at their upper ends with a throat 31 machined in the sleeve under the flange 27, which collects the fuel brought thereto by grooves 38 provided in the upper surface of the body of the injector 1, and allowing for the free passage of the fuel when the flange 27 is applied against the kbody 1.
  • the spindle At its upper end, the spindle is provided under its head 32, with a throat 33 in which the aforementioned washer 26 is engaged, transmitting the thrust of the spring 17 tothe end of the spindle.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of this washer comprises, as can be seen from FIGURES 7 and 8, a metal disk 34 provided with a central bore 35 and a slit 36 running from the said bore to the edge of the disk.
  • the thickness of the said washer is made such that when the conical poppet valve head bears on its seat and the -guidesleeve 25 rests on the injectorV body via the flange 27, it may just be slipped under the head 32 of the spindle.
  • the depth of the chamfer 37 on the washer corresponds to the path of the spindle when the washer is in position, which yenables this to be accurately defined.
  • the action of the spring 17 may be modified by the addition of washers placed at the bottom of the base of the chamber 8.
  • a fuel injector of the type comprising a hollow body defining a bore having inlet and outlet ends, a needle longitudinally slidable for a limited distance within said bore, and resilient means biasing said needle in one direction relative to said bore
  • the improvement which comprises three axially spaced bearing surfaces carried on said needle which engage three mating bearing surfaces on said body, one of the bearing surfaces on said needle being truste-conical and the other two cylindrical, each of the cylindrical bearing surfaces on said body being positioned to be in contact with at least a portion of the mating bearing surface on said needle and thereby guide said needle throughout its longitudinal movement within said bore, the frusto-conical bearing surface on said needle being biased toward its mating surface and positioned between the two cylindrical bearing surfaces on said needle, the diameter of said needle between said bearing surfaces being sufficiently less than that of the encircling portions of said bore to prevent Contact therebetween, said resilient means being positioned between the frusto-concal bearing surface and the cylindrical bearing surface nearest the inlet end of said bore, said cylindrical bearing surfaces forming guides
  • a fuel injector as claimed in claim 1, comprising a cylindrical sleeve carried by said needle, the cylindrical bearing surface carried on said needle nearest the inlet 6 end of said bore being formed on the outer surface of said sleeve.
  • a fuel injector as claimed in claim -1 in which said bore denes cylindrical inlet and outlet chambers in which the cylindrical bearing surfaces carried by said body are respectively positioned, and said needle comprises successively a cylindrical portion of larger diameter positioned in said inlet chamber, a neck and a terminal head portion, said injector also comprising a cylindrical sleeve carried by said cylindrical portion of lar-ger diameter, said sleeve being provided with a bearing surface mating with one in said inlet chamber and serving to axially guide said needle, and resilient means positioned between said sleeve and said frusto-conical shoulder and biassing the frusto-conical surface on said needle toward its mating surface.
  • a fuel injector as claimed in claim 3 in 'which said needle is necked near its outlet endl and its terminal portion Iflares conically outward beyond said neck to form an appendage which projects beyond said chamber at all positions of said needle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US298995A 1962-08-02 1963-07-31 Fuel injector for internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3249308A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR905881A FR1344917A (fr) 1962-08-02 1962-08-02 Perfectionnements aux injecteurs de carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3249308A true US3249308A (en) 1966-05-03

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US298995A Expired - Lifetime US3249308A (en) 1962-08-02 1963-07-31 Fuel injector for internal combustion engines

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3249308A (de)
ES (1) ES290499A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1344917A (de)
GB (1) GB1051842A (de)
LU (1) LU44126A1 (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3368761A (en) * 1965-10-15 1968-02-13 Mack Trucks Variable flow rate fuel injection nozzle
US3400440A (en) * 1964-03-18 1968-09-10 Lavette Engineering & Mfg Co Method of making and reconditioning ball valves
US3727636A (en) * 1971-01-25 1973-04-17 Parker Hannifin Corp Flow control valve for fuel injection nozzle
US3742701A (en) * 1971-06-16 1973-07-03 Us Navy Propellant injector assembly
US3773440A (en) * 1971-12-22 1973-11-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Fuel injection pump construction
US3791589A (en) * 1972-03-03 1974-02-12 Gkn Transmissions Ltd Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines
US4549696A (en) * 1983-07-16 1985-10-29 Lucas Industries, P.L.C. Fuel injection nozzles
US4653720A (en) * 1985-03-02 1987-03-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electromagnetically actuatable fuel injection valve
US5482018A (en) * 1992-06-10 1996-01-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injection nozzle for internal combustion engines
US5823443A (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-10-20 General Motors Corporation Poppet nozzle for fuel injection
US20050263622A1 (en) * 2004-06-01 2005-12-01 Schlairet Edward A Fuel injector check valve
EP1783359A1 (de) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-09 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Verbesserte Steuerventilanordnung
EP3165759A1 (de) * 2015-11-09 2017-05-10 C.R.F. Società Consortile Per Azioni Einspritzverfahren zum einspritzen von kraftstoff in die brennkammer eines verbrennungsmotors, zerstäuber eines kraftstoffelektroinjektors zur durchführung solch eines einspritzverfahrens und verfahren zur herstellung solch eines zerstäubers

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK495880A (da) * 1980-11-20 1982-05-21 B & W Diesel As Braendselinjektor til forbraendingsmotorer
DE3300953A1 (de) * 1982-01-23 1983-08-04 Lucas Industries P.L.C., Birmingham, West Midlands Kraftstoffeinspritzduese
GB8323678D0 (en) * 1983-09-03 1983-10-05 Lucas Ind Plc Fuel injection nozzle

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB530196A (en) * 1938-07-07 1940-12-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Improvements in or relating to fuel injectors for internal combustion engines
US2263197A (en) * 1939-03-08 1941-11-18 Eisemann Magneto Corp Fuel injection nozzle
US2433985A (en) * 1942-11-10 1948-01-06 Fodor Nicholas Fuel injector
DE757316C (de) * 1938-07-21 1951-07-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einspritzduese
US2602005A (en) * 1944-02-23 1952-07-01 American Bosch Corp Fuel injection nozzle
US2921746A (en) * 1958-08-25 1960-01-19 Bosch Arma Corp Nozzle

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB530196A (en) * 1938-07-07 1940-12-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Improvements in or relating to fuel injectors for internal combustion engines
DE757316C (de) * 1938-07-21 1951-07-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einspritzduese
US2263197A (en) * 1939-03-08 1941-11-18 Eisemann Magneto Corp Fuel injection nozzle
US2433985A (en) * 1942-11-10 1948-01-06 Fodor Nicholas Fuel injector
US2602005A (en) * 1944-02-23 1952-07-01 American Bosch Corp Fuel injection nozzle
US2921746A (en) * 1958-08-25 1960-01-19 Bosch Arma Corp Nozzle

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3400440A (en) * 1964-03-18 1968-09-10 Lavette Engineering & Mfg Co Method of making and reconditioning ball valves
US3368761A (en) * 1965-10-15 1968-02-13 Mack Trucks Variable flow rate fuel injection nozzle
US3727636A (en) * 1971-01-25 1973-04-17 Parker Hannifin Corp Flow control valve for fuel injection nozzle
US3742701A (en) * 1971-06-16 1973-07-03 Us Navy Propellant injector assembly
US3773440A (en) * 1971-12-22 1973-11-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Fuel injection pump construction
US3791589A (en) * 1972-03-03 1974-02-12 Gkn Transmissions Ltd Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines
US4549696A (en) * 1983-07-16 1985-10-29 Lucas Industries, P.L.C. Fuel injection nozzles
US4653720A (en) * 1985-03-02 1987-03-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electromagnetically actuatable fuel injection valve
US5482018A (en) * 1992-06-10 1996-01-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injection nozzle for internal combustion engines
US5823443A (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-10-20 General Motors Corporation Poppet nozzle for fuel injection
US20050263622A1 (en) * 2004-06-01 2005-12-01 Schlairet Edward A Fuel injector check valve
US7124966B2 (en) * 2004-06-01 2006-10-24 Haynes Corporation Fuel injector check valve
EP1783359A1 (de) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-09 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Verbesserte Steuerventilanordnung
EP3165759A1 (de) * 2015-11-09 2017-05-10 C.R.F. Società Consortile Per Azioni Einspritzverfahren zum einspritzen von kraftstoff in die brennkammer eines verbrennungsmotors, zerstäuber eines kraftstoffelektroinjektors zur durchführung solch eines einspritzverfahrens und verfahren zur herstellung solch eines zerstäubers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1051842A (de) 1900-01-01
FR1344917A (fr) 1963-12-06
LU44126A1 (de) 1963-10-31
ES290499A1 (es) 1963-12-01

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