US3246480A - Transporting liquefied gas in combination with crude oil - Google Patents

Transporting liquefied gas in combination with crude oil Download PDF

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Publication number
US3246480A
US3246480A US348975A US34897564A US3246480A US 3246480 A US3246480 A US 3246480A US 348975 A US348975 A US 348975A US 34897564 A US34897564 A US 34897564A US 3246480 A US3246480 A US 3246480A
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquefied gas
liquefied
gas
carrier liquid
crude oil
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Expired - Lifetime
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US348975A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rigby Richard
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Shell USA Inc
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Shell Oil Co
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Publication date
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Publication of US3246480A publication Critical patent/US3246480A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F17C11/007—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrocarbon gases, such as methane or natural gas, propane, butane or mixtures thereof [LPG]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the transport and storage of liquefied gases, that is to say liquids at or near their boiling .point, andparticularly but not exclusively, to the transport and storage of liquefied petroleum gases, such as liquid butane.
  • a. liquefied gas is transported or stored in association. with a liquid having a substantially lower vapor pressure in an amount such that if the two liquids were completely mixed with each other the vapor pressure of the mixture, would ex- Ceed atmospheric pressure at transport, or storage temperatures-
  • a. liquefied gas is transported or stored in association. with a liquid having a substantially lower vapor pressure in an amount such that if the two liquids were completely mixed with each other the vapor pressure of the mixture, would ex- Ceed atmospheric pressure at transport, or storage temperatures-
  • the present invention relates to a method of transporting or storing liquefied gas which comprises initially floating or supporting said liquefied gas. on a carrier liquid having a temperature not exceeding 60 C.; a. vapor pressure not exceeding on atmosphere at the prevailing temperature; a density greater than that of said liquefied gas. at its boiling point. and which is chemically inert towards said liquefied gas; condensing any of said liquefied gas which. vaporizes; and, returning the condensate to the body of said floating or supported liquefied gas. in. some cases th liquefied gas will remain in transport or storage for a time and; at a temperature at which it will dissolve entirely in the carrier liquid.
  • the present invention provides a method of transporting or storing liquefied gases by placing them in thermal contact with a heavy product or carrier liquid at a time when the temperature of the carrier liquid is so much higher than the boiling point of theliqucfied gas that mixing. would be. ineifective.
  • a relativelly compact body of liquefied gas By forming a relativelly compact body of liquefied gas, the transfer of heat from; the carrier liquidis reduced, as compared with that during complete mixing, to the extent that the evaporativ loss of the liquefied. gas is kept within economic bounds.
  • the carrier liquid acts as an insulating support or container for the body of liquefied gas, thus reducing or eliminating the necessity for fixed insulated containers.
  • any fall in temperature towards the boiling point of the liquefied gas will result in increasing amounts thereof dissolving in the .carrier liquid, thus further reducing the evaporative loss of the liquefied gas.
  • the present invention also provides. a method for the, transport or storage of liquefied, gas over a period during which, the temperature changes, which method. comprises maintaining the, liquefied gas in. con tact, with a carrier liquid as hereinbefore. defined and. having the liquefied g s p esent as a relatively compact, body of liquid floating on. or supported by the carrier liquid when. the. temperature of this liquid is, substantially higher thanthe boiling point of theliquefiedgas, and having the. liquefied, gas dissolved in the. carrier liquid at lower temperatures.
  • liquefied. gases which. may be transported or stored in accordance with the present invention are acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propane, .pr-opene, n-butane, iso-butane, n -butene, iso,.-.butene1 and mixtures. thereof.
  • the method of, the present invention is particularly suitable for the transport and storage, of liquefied petroleum gases comprising three and four carbon atoms per molecule and of mixtures of such gases.
  • carrier liquids which may. be, used. in accordance. with the present invention are crude petroleum, topped crude, residual fuel oil, lubricating oil. dist ipllates, catalystically cracked cycle oil, thermally.- cracked gas oil, straight run gas oils, kerosenes, heavy gasoline fractions and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred carrier liquids are crude. petroleum, topped crude and; residual fuel oil.
  • the present invention may be. carried: into eifect merelyby supplying liquefied gas in any, convenient manner to the surface of a carrier liquid contained in a cargo or storage. tank; equipped withmeansfor condensing boil off vapors.
  • the condensing means may compriseany known type; of condenser capable of opera-ting continuously at temperatures suitably below the boiling point of the liquefied gas, It is aparticularly advantageous aspect of the present invention, however, that said; con,- denser system may only be working at its maximum capac ilt for .aportion Of; the. time during which the l'iqufiedgas is; being transported or stored.
  • the presence of thefioating layer or body ofi liquefied gas on the surface of the carrier liquid will cool the carrier liquid.
  • This cooling may be; assisted or augmented; by a fall in; ambient temperature, such, for example as; will occur it acargo comprising liquefied gas and carrier liquid is loaded; into a tanker; in an. area of high ambient temperature and. unloaded in a cooler area.v
  • ambient temperature such, for example as
  • The; datav of Table I relate, to a crude petroleum having avapor'pressure of 1 atmosphere at a temperature of; 1 00, F. and; are: given; byway of example to indicate how the solubility of liquefied; butane in, crude petroleum increases as the temperature of the; crude petroleum decreases.
  • Such a cargo may be discharged at the unloading port in themanner normally applicable to crude petroleum and I it is accordingly advantageous so to choose the amount of liquefied gas to be transported that it will all have dissolved in. the carrier liquid before the cargo comprising liquefied gas and carrierliquid has arrived at its destination. If, howeven'the liquefied gas does not all dissolvein the carrier liquid, then special pumping arrangements will be.
  • Such arrangements may comprise, for'example, a submerged pump provided wi-th a floating suction, or a gas lift system provided with a float-ing'suction.
  • a particularly advantageous way of carrying the prescut-invention into effect is to retain the floating liquefied gas within an open topped retainer, which has the effect of maintaining the body of liquefied gas in com pact form and also prevents contact of the liquefied gas Withthe walls of the vessel containing the carrier liquid thereby avoiding chilling and embrittlement of the metal forming this container.
  • the retainer may take the form of a pan constrained to float on the surface of the" carrier liquid between guides which permit vertical but not lateral displacement of the pan, in which case discharge of the liquefied gas therein contained will generally necessitate provision of pumping arrangements separate from those concerned'with discharge of the carrier liquid. It is to be understood that dissolution of liquefied gas in the carrier liquid may take place by virtue of vapor contact of the liquefied gas with the carrier liquid.
  • a cargo comprising aliquefied gas and a carrier liquid may be stored after unloading in the manner provided by the present invention,for example in a" tank provided with a retainer and means for condensing boil offvapor as hereinhefore described.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic view of a section through a marine tanker taken in a plane perpendicular to the length of theship'to show a center 'cargo't'ank provided with acondenser and containing liquefied gas and a -form of 'a skirt and containing liquefied gas and a carrier liquid in accordance with the present invention;
  • FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic form of a section (taken in 'the same plane as FIGURE 1) through a center cargo tank provided with a condenser and a retainer in the form of a floating pan constrained by guides and contaning liquefied gas and carrier liquid-in accordance with the present invention;
  • FIGURE 4 is a diagrammatic view of a section (taken in the same plane as FIGURE 1) through a center cargo Jt-ank provided with a condenser and retainer in accordance with the present invention and containing liquefied gas and a carrier liquid and providedwith means for discharging liquefied gas from the surface of the carrier liquid.
  • a center cargo tank 1 is flanked by wing cargo tanks 2 and 3, the three tanks being closed by means of a roof 4 which also comprises the deck of the vessel.
  • the tank 1 is provided with a vent 5 which gives access to a condenser 6.
  • a cooling coil 16 of the condenser 6 ' has an entry conduit 7 and an exit conduit 8 connected to a central source
  • a condenser vent 9 is -carrier'liq'uidin accordance with the present invention
  • the supply of refrigerant to the condenser 6 may be maintained at a very low rate or terminated.
  • the. cargo comprising crude petroleum 10' and liquefied. butane 12 may be discharged using conventional cargo pumps. If a layer of liquefied butane 12 is present on the surface of the crude petroleum 10, the free butane may be removed by means of a gas lift system having a floating suction. An example of such a gas lift system is described and claimed in British Patent No. 869,080.
  • a center tank 1 is as before flanked by wing tanks 2 and .3, closed by means of a roof 4 and has a vent 5 giving access to a condenser 6.
  • Carrier liquid 10 is supplied as before to the center tank 1 and the wing tanks 2 and 3.
  • Liquefied gas is supplied only. to the surface of the carrier liquid 10 within the retainer '11 to form a layer 12, floating on the surface of the carrier liquid but confined within the retainer 11.
  • the retainer 11 keeps the liquefied gas 12 in compact form and also prevents chilling and embrittlemento'r' walls 13.
  • the retainer. 11 may be made of any convenient material, such as metal or plastic, and may take the form of a fixed barrier or skirt, suspended from or attached to thereof or sides of the vessel containing the carrier liquid, or supported from the bottom of the vessel.
  • the retainer 11 may be provided with perforations in its upper extremity abovethe level which the liquefied gas 12 is expected to reach and may also be provided with a perforated bottom plate which is useful for reducing premature mixing of the liquefied gas with the carrier liquid 10.
  • FIGURE 3 there is shown a center tank 1 flanked by wing tanks 2 and 3, closed by means of a roof 4 and having a vent 5 giving access to a condenser 6.
  • a retainer 17 in the form ofa floating pan having an imperforate bottom is restrained to move only in a vertical direction by runners or rollers 20'attached to the pan 17, said runners being directed by'guides 1S and 19 extending 10 is supplied as before to wing tanks 2 and 3 and to the center tank 1 and when the carrier liquid in center tank 1 has reached an appropriate level, liquefied petroleum gas 12 is supplied, for example by a swing-arm to the retainer 17. In this case, the liquefied gas 12 must be pumped out of the retainer 17 when the cargo comprising carrier liquid is discharged.
  • FIGURE 4 there is shown means. for discharging liquefied petroleum gas from the surface of a carrier liquid.
  • a layer 12 of liquefied petroleum gas floating on the surface of a carrier liquid 10 held in a cargo tank 1 is retained, as hereinbefore described for FIGURE 2, within a retainer 11.
  • a floating suction 25 communicates by means of a conduit 26 with a gas lift system of the kind described in British Patent No. 869,080 comprising a cyclone chamber 27 having a vapor discharge port 28 communicating with a source of vacuum (not shown) and a liquid discharge port 29 communicating with a pump 30.
  • the discharge side of pump 30 is connected to a conduit 31 whereby the liquid can be drawn off into a receiving vessel.
  • a method storing liquefied gas comprising:
  • a method of storing liquefied gas as set forth in claim 2 wherein said liquefied gas is retained within a pan floating on the surface of said carried liquid, and said pan is constrained against lateral movement by guide means extending vertically upwards from the bottom of said tank.
  • a method of storing liquefied gas comprising:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US348975A 1963-03-05 1964-03-03 Transporting liquefied gas in combination with crude oil Expired - Lifetime US3246480A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8714/63A GB1027678A (en) 1963-03-05 1963-03-05 Improvements in or relating to transport and storage of liquefied gases

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US (1) US3246480A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00256.png)
BE (1) BE644640A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00256.png)
GB (1) GB1027678A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00256.png)
NL (1) NL6402133A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00256.png)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3324670A (en) * 1964-11-09 1967-06-13 Shell Oil Co Method of transporting methane or natural gas
US3369371A (en) * 1966-10-05 1968-02-20 Robert J. Holly Gas saver and pollution eliminator
US4541248A (en) * 1983-12-15 1985-09-17 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Constant temperature refrigeration system for a freeze heat exchanger
US20050135439A1 (en) * 2001-07-06 2005-06-23 Chapman William B. External cavity laser method and apparatus with orthogonal tuning of laser wavelength and cavity optical path length
CN102133692A (zh) * 2010-01-21 2011-07-27 中国石油天然气集团公司 海洋管道漂浮对口焊接装置
US20120000242A1 (en) * 2010-04-22 2012-01-05 Baudat Ned P Method and apparatus for storing liquefied natural gas
WO2016149131A1 (en) * 2015-03-13 2016-09-22 Voelker Joseph J Transport of natural gas through solution in liquid hydrocarbon at ambient temperature
CN111301656A (zh) * 2020-04-17 2020-06-19 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 一种滴油盘及船舶
US11060280B2 (en) 2019-03-14 2021-07-13 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Dynamic, fire-resistance-rated thermally insulating and sealing system having a F-Rating of a min. of 120 min for use with curtain wall structures

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016207419A1 (de) 2016-04-29 2017-11-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wasserfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Wasserfahrzeuges

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2269172A (en) * 1937-11-04 1942-01-06 Alvin C Birdsall Apparatus and process for storage of dry ice
US2290839A (en) * 1941-11-26 1942-07-21 Southern Steel Co Method of and apparatus for dispensing liquefied gas mixtures
US2713775A (en) * 1953-11-06 1955-07-26 Phillips Petroleum Co Recovery of salt free liquid from liquid having salts dissolved therein
US2871669A (en) * 1956-12-05 1959-02-03 Mann Douglas Radiation shield circulation system for large liquefied gas storage containers
US3068657A (en) * 1959-07-24 1962-12-18 Texaco Inc Method for the transportation and maintenance of a normally gaseous hydrocarbon in solution with a liquid hydrocarbon
US3092972A (en) * 1958-10-22 1963-06-11 Union Carbide Corp Light weight liquid helium control system
US3119238A (en) * 1963-02-18 1964-01-28 William H Chamberlain Cryogenic dewar

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2269172A (en) * 1937-11-04 1942-01-06 Alvin C Birdsall Apparatus and process for storage of dry ice
US2290839A (en) * 1941-11-26 1942-07-21 Southern Steel Co Method of and apparatus for dispensing liquefied gas mixtures
US2713775A (en) * 1953-11-06 1955-07-26 Phillips Petroleum Co Recovery of salt free liquid from liquid having salts dissolved therein
US2871669A (en) * 1956-12-05 1959-02-03 Mann Douglas Radiation shield circulation system for large liquefied gas storage containers
US3092972A (en) * 1958-10-22 1963-06-11 Union Carbide Corp Light weight liquid helium control system
US3068657A (en) * 1959-07-24 1962-12-18 Texaco Inc Method for the transportation and maintenance of a normally gaseous hydrocarbon in solution with a liquid hydrocarbon
US3119238A (en) * 1963-02-18 1964-01-28 William H Chamberlain Cryogenic dewar

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3324670A (en) * 1964-11-09 1967-06-13 Shell Oil Co Method of transporting methane or natural gas
US3369371A (en) * 1966-10-05 1968-02-20 Robert J. Holly Gas saver and pollution eliminator
US4541248A (en) * 1983-12-15 1985-09-17 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Constant temperature refrigeration system for a freeze heat exchanger
US20050135439A1 (en) * 2001-07-06 2005-06-23 Chapman William B. External cavity laser method and apparatus with orthogonal tuning of laser wavelength and cavity optical path length
CN102133692A (zh) * 2010-01-21 2011-07-27 中国石油天然气集团公司 海洋管道漂浮对口焊接装置
US20120000242A1 (en) * 2010-04-22 2012-01-05 Baudat Ned P Method and apparatus for storing liquefied natural gas
WO2016149131A1 (en) * 2015-03-13 2016-09-22 Voelker Joseph J Transport of natural gas through solution in liquid hydrocarbon at ambient temperature
US9625098B2 (en) 2015-03-13 2017-04-18 Joseph J. Voelker Transport of natural gas through solution in liquid hydrocarbon at ambient temperature
US9939110B2 (en) 2015-03-13 2018-04-10 Joseph J. Voelker Transport of natural gas through solution in liquid hydrocarbon at ambient temperature
JP2018515390A (ja) * 2015-03-13 2018-06-14 ジョセフ ジェイ． ヴォエルカーＶＯＥＬＫＥＲ， Ｊｏｓｅｐｈ Ｊ． 環境温度での液体炭化水素における溶液による天然ガスの輸送
RU2689226C2 (ru) * 2015-03-13 2019-05-24 Джозеф Дж. ВОЕЛЬКЕР Доставка природного газа в форме раствора жидких углеводородов при температуре окружающей среды
US11060280B2 (en) 2019-03-14 2021-07-13 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Dynamic, fire-resistance-rated thermally insulating and sealing system having a F-Rating of a min. of 120 min for use with curtain wall structures
CN111301656A (zh) * 2020-04-17 2020-06-19 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 一种滴油盘及船舶
CN111301656B (zh) * 2020-04-17 2022-05-10 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 一种滴油盘及船舶

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Publication number Publication date
NL6402133A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00256.png) 1964-09-07
BE644640A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00256.png) 1964-09-03
GB1027678A (en) 1966-04-27

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