US3242834A - Joints for steel forms, facings and the like - Google Patents

Joints for steel forms, facings and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3242834A
US3242834A US351169A US35116964A US3242834A US 3242834 A US3242834 A US 3242834A US 351169 A US351169 A US 351169A US 35116964 A US35116964 A US 35116964A US 3242834 A US3242834 A US 3242834A
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joint
sections
facings
angles
section
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US351169A
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Sondheim Werner
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PERMCO CORP
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PERMCO CORP
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
    • E04G17/04—Connecting or fastening means for metallic forming or stiffening elements, e.g. for connecting metallic elements to non-metallic elements
    • E04G17/042—Connecting or fastening means for metallic forming or stiffening elements, e.g. for connecting metallic elements to non-metallic elements being tensioned by threaded elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/50—Removable forms or shutterings for road-building purposes; Devices or arrangements for forming individual paving elements, e.g. kerbs, in situ
    • E01C19/502—Removable forms or shutterings, e.g. side forms; Removable supporting or anchoring means therefor, e.g. stakes

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to a simplified and highly economical joint for permanent steel forms, sheet metal curb facings and the like.
  • An important object of the invention is to provide a die formed joint angle for steel forms and facings which is substantially self-locating when installed upon a section of the facing without the necessity for elaborate jigs or other assembly equipment.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved joint for forms, facings and the like which serves not only to connect the meeting ends of form sections in a highly accurate and secure manner but also materially strengthens the forms or facings by backing up the same over the major portion of the joint between form or facing sections.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a onepiece joint angle element which may be applied to sections of forms or facings by welding and which will materially strengthen the forms or facings including the rolled or beaded edges thereof, thereby preventing damage during shipment or handling.
  • Another important object of the invention is to provide an improved joint for forms and facings which requires the minimum number of elements for completing the joint and also eliminates the need for left hand and right hand or male and female joint angles, a pair of identical angles embodying the invention serving to complete each joint along with a pair of simple bolts.
  • FiGURE 1 is a fragmentary perspective view, partly exploded, of a joint for steel forms and facings embodying the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is an interior side elevation of the completed joint shown in FIGURE 1,
  • FIGURE 3 is an enlarged fragmentary horizontal section taken on line 3-3 of FIGURE 2, and
  • FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view of separated form sections before joining with the invention means.
  • each form or facing section includes a main flat web or body portion 12, a bottom laterally projecting return flange 13 for added strength, and an upper rolled edge or bead 14 for increased stiffness and to provide an attractive contour on the exterior face of a curb, filling station island, bay or the like.
  • the sections 10 and 11 per se are conventional and are formed from heavy gage sheet metal by means of suitable manufacturing dies.
  • the invention proper now to be described, involves an improved economical joint for the sections 10 and 11 as well as a means for backing up and strengthening the sections adjacent the joint and for maintaining proper alignment of parts with economy.
  • the improved joint comprises a pair of identical die formed joint angles 15, one each installed by welding to adjacent sections 18 and 11 of the form or facing.
  • Each angle 15 has a main web 16 which is perpendicular in assembly to the form body portion 12 and extends substantially from the top to the bottom thereof.
  • a continuation or extension of the main web 16 forms a head 17 thereon having a marginal shape to fit snugly within the rolled bead 14 for reinforcing or stiffening the same.
  • a relatively thin neck portion 18 serves to join the contoured head 17 with the main web 16 and this neck 18 lies adjacent the lower bend 19 of the rolled bead 14.
  • Each joint angle 15 further includes an integral flange or web 20 arranged at right angles to the main web 16 and substantially coextensive therewith from a point just below the neck 18 to the bottom of the angle and form.
  • the web 16 has a bolt opening 21 near the bottom thereof and a like opening 22 is formed through the head 17 centrally of the arcuate head 14.
  • each die formed angle element 15 is secured permanently to one of the sections 10 or 11 by welding.
  • the joint angle 15 is applied thereto so that the flange 20 projects somewhat beyond the end terminal edge 23 of the form section 10.
  • the angle 15 in this case is welded to the form section 10 as indicated at 24 and at 25 adjacent the corner or angle formed by the webs 16 and 21D and along the margin of the head 17.
  • the identical joint angle 15 is set bodily inwardly of the endrnost edge 26 and welded to the section 11 as at 2'7 and 28 along the longitudinal edge of the flange 2t ⁇ and along the margin of the head 17 within the head 14. Consequently, the identical joint angle 15 may be installed on each of the mating form sections 10 and 11 in the manner shown and without the necessity of resorting to right or left hand angles or male and female angles or angles of unlike design.
  • a pair of the angles 15 will be installed on each end of a section 11) or 11 of form or facing and the respective installations of the angles for the two ends of a single section of form differ in the same manner above-described for a complete joint involving two unlike ends of a pair of companion form sections.
  • the application drawings illustrate only one complete joint between form sections and all successive joints along a form or facing will be identical to the single joint illustrated herein and composed of the same parts mounted in the same manner on corresponding ends of other form sections identical to the sections 10 and 11.
  • the end of the form section 111 not shown in the drawings has a joint angle 15 installed thereon in the same manner as the angle 15 for the form section 11 which is shown herein.
  • a pair of bolts 29 are placed through the aligned openings 21 and 22 of the companion angles 15 constituting the joint.
  • Nuts 30 are then applied as shown and engage against the outer face of the web 16 of the angle on section 10.
  • the flange 20 of the angle on form section 10 bridges or spans the meeting ends of the two form sections and serves to pilot and guide the same into a smooth hairline joint.
  • No separate line-up pins or clips need be employed to assure proper alignment of the meeting edges of the form sections because of the arrangement of the two coacting angles 15.
  • the two angles adequately back up the joint over substantially the full height of the form or facing.
  • contoured heads 17 back up and stiffen the beads 14 as explained above.
  • connection joint comprising:
  • joint angle elements each including first and second webs arranged, substantially at right angles to one another;
  • the webs being coextensive in length for a measured distance thereof;
  • the second webs being connected to the main flat webs of the sections, adjacent the end edges thereof, one
  • head extension being shaped to conform to the bead; the head extensions having coaxial openings formed therein, and the first webs having coaxial openings therein spaced from the opening of the head; and detachable fastener means extending through said coaxial openings to complete and maintain the joint, with said end edges of the adjacent form sections in edge-to-edge contact.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Description

March 29, 1966 w. SONDHEIM 3,242,834
JOINTS FOR STEEL FORMS, FACINGS AND THE LIKE Filed March 11, 1964 INVENTOR. WERNER SONDHEIM A TTOR NE Y United States Patent a corporation of Tennessee Filed Mar. 11, 1964, Ser. No. 351,169 1 Claim. (CI. 9431) This invention relates to improvements in joints for steel forms, facings and the like.
More particularly, the invention pertains to a simplified and highly economical joint for permanent steel forms, sheet metal curb facings and the like.
An important object of the invention is to provide a die formed joint angle for steel forms and facings which is substantially self-locating when installed upon a section of the facing without the necessity for elaborate jigs or other assembly equipment.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved joint for forms, facings and the like which serves not only to connect the meeting ends of form sections in a highly accurate and secure manner but also materially strengthens the forms or facings by backing up the same over the major portion of the joint between form or facing sections.
Another object of the invention is to provide a onepiece joint angle element which may be applied to sections of forms or facings by welding and which will materially strengthen the forms or facings including the rolled or beaded edges thereof, thereby preventing damage during shipment or handling.
Another important object of the invention is to provide an improved joint for forms and facings which requires the minimum number of elements for completing the joint and also eliminates the need for left hand and right hand or male and female joint angles, a pair of identical angles embodying the invention serving to complete each joint along with a pair of simple bolts.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of the following detailed description.
In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application and in which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same,
FiGURE 1 is a fragmentary perspective view, partly exploded, of a joint for steel forms and facings embodying the invention,
FIGURE 2 is an interior side elevation of the completed joint shown in FIGURE 1,
FIGURE 3 is an enlarged fragmentary horizontal section taken on line 3-3 of FIGURE 2, and
FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view of separated form sections before joining with the invention means.
In the drawings wherein for the purpose of illustration is shown a preferred embodiment of the invention, the numerals and 11 designate companion sections of a steel form, curb facing, sidewalk facing or the like. Each form or facing section includes a main flat web or body portion 12, a bottom laterally projecting return flange 13 for added strength, and an upper rolled edge or bead 14 for increased stiffness and to provide an attractive contour on the exterior face of a curb, filling station island, bay or the like. The sections 10 and 11 per se are conventional and are formed from heavy gage sheet metal by means of suitable manufacturing dies. The invention proper, now to be described, involves an improved economical joint for the sections 10 and 11 as well as a means for backing up and strengthening the sections adjacent the joint and for maintaining proper alignment of parts with economy.
With continued reference to the drawings, the improved joint comprises a pair of identical die formed joint angles 15, one each installed by welding to adjacent sections 18 and 11 of the form or facing. Each angle 15 has a main web 16 which is perpendicular in assembly to the form body portion 12 and extends substantially from the top to the bottom thereof. A continuation or extension of the main web 16 forms a head 17 thereon having a marginal shape to fit snugly within the rolled bead 14 for reinforcing or stiffening the same. A relatively thin neck portion 18 serves to join the contoured head 17 with the main web 16 and this neck 18 lies adjacent the lower bend 19 of the rolled bead 14. Each joint angle 15 further includes an integral flange or web 20 arranged at right angles to the main web 16 and substantially coextensive therewith from a point just below the neck 18 to the bottom of the angle and form.
The web 16 has a bolt opening 21 near the bottom thereof and a like opening 22 is formed through the head 17 centrally of the arcuate head 14.
As shown clearly in the drawings, each die formed angle element 15 is secured permanently to one of the sections 10 or 11 by welding. In connection with the section 1d of the form or facing, the joint angle 15 is applied thereto so that the flange 20 projects somewhat beyond the end terminal edge 23 of the form section 10. The angle 15 in this case is welded to the form section 10 as indicated at 24 and at 25 adjacent the corner or angle formed by the webs 16 and 21D and along the margin of the head 17.
In the case of the section 11 of form or facing, the identical joint angle 15 is set bodily inwardly of the endrnost edge 26 and welded to the section 11 as at 2'7 and 28 along the longitudinal edge of the flange 2t} and along the margin of the head 17 within the head 14. Consequently, the identical joint angle 15 may be installed on each of the mating form sections 10 and 11 in the manner shown and without the necessity of resorting to right or left hand angles or male and female angles or angles of unlike design. It will be understood that a pair of the angles 15 will be installed on each end of a section 11) or 11 of form or facing and the respective installations of the angles for the two ends of a single section of form differ in the same manner above-described for a complete joint involving two unlike ends of a pair of companion form sections. In other words, the application drawings illustrate only one complete joint between form sections and all successive joints along a form or facing will be identical to the single joint illustrated herein and composed of the same parts mounted in the same manner on corresponding ends of other form sections identical to the sections 10 and 11. For instance, the end of the form section 111 not shown in the drawings has a joint angle 15 installed thereon in the same manner as the angle 15 for the form section 11 which is shown herein.
To complete the invention joint, a pair of bolts 29 are placed through the aligned openings 21 and 22 of the companion angles 15 constituting the joint. Nuts 30 are then applied as shown and engage against the outer face of the web 16 of the angle on section 10. It will be noted with reference to FIGURES 2 and 3 that the flange 20 of the angle on form section 10 bridges or spans the meeting ends of the two form sections and serves to pilot and guide the same into a smooth hairline joint. No separate line-up pins or clips need be employed to assure proper alignment of the meeting edges of the form sections because of the arrangement of the two coacting angles 15. Additionally, the two angles adequately back up the joint over substantially the full height of the form or facing. Additionally the contoured heads 17 back up and stiffen the beads 14 as explained above. Since the parts are die made and therefore uniform, they are substantially self-locating when the angles are installed upon the forms and welded in place. Also, there is no problem regarding the proper lining up of the bolt holes in the companion pairs of angles. The construction of the joint is very strong and durable and most efficient. The advantages of the joint should now be apparent to those skilled in the art without the need for any further de scription herein.
It is to be understood that the form of the invention herewith shown and described is to be taken as a preferred example of the same, and that various changes in the shape, size and arrangement of parts may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit of the invention or scope of the subjoined claim.
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
In a sectional form and facing involving at least two form sections having a main flat wall with longitudinal top and bottom edges and end edges, and having a rounded, outwardly offset bead at the top longitudinal edges, the sections being arranged with their adjacent end edges in abutting relationship, a connection joint comprising:
joint angle elements each including first and second webs arranged, substantially at right angles to one another;
the webs being coextensive in length for a measured distance thereof;
the second webs being connected to the main flat webs of the sections, adjacent the end edges thereof, one
4 web of each pair of angle members projecting beyond the adjacent end edge of the section carrying it, and the corresponding web of the other angle element lying bodily inward of the adjacent end edge of the section carrying it; the last named web partially extending over the end edge of the next adjacent form section; head extensions on each of the first webs, extending inside of the rounded beads and having arcuate marginal portions fixedly secured to the bead, the
head extension being shaped to conform to the bead; the head extensions having coaxial openings formed therein, and the first webs having coaxial openings therein spaced from the opening of the head; and detachable fastener means extending through said coaxial openings to complete and maintain the joint, with said end edges of the adjacent form sections in edge-to-edge contact.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 389,630 2/1889 Landis 9432 688,851 12/1901 Harrison 943l 2,249,979 7/1941 Reardon 9431 FOREIGN PATENTS 747,976 4/1933 France.
30 JACOB L. NACKENOFF, Primary Examiner.
US351169A 1964-03-11 1964-03-11 Joints for steel forms, facings and the like Expired - Lifetime US3242834A (en)

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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3379105A (en) * 1966-07-29 1968-04-23 Hugh C. Lynch Permanent curb form structure having tongue and groove joint means
WO1991010028A1 (en) * 1989-12-22 1991-07-11 Speral Aluminium Inc. Prefabricated assembly for poured concrete forming structures
US6010276A (en) * 1996-03-12 2000-01-04 Young; James E. Island form
US20050061948A1 (en) * 2002-01-08 2005-03-24 Brennan James Andrew Method and apparatus for forming construction panels and structures
US20110186710A1 (en) * 2007-11-01 2011-08-04 Radu Jr John Galvannealed steel forms
US20150076318A1 (en) * 2009-02-18 2015-03-19 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Clip-on connection system for stay-in-place form-work
US9273479B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2016-03-01 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US9359780B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2016-06-07 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US9441365B2 (en) 2011-11-24 2016-09-13 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Stay-in-place formwork with anti-deformation panels
US9453345B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2016-09-27 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures
US9783991B2 (en) 2013-12-06 2017-10-10 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Structure cladding trim components and methods for fabrication and use of same
US9784005B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2017-10-10 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Systems for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures with locatable stand-off components
US9982444B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2018-05-29 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Liquid and gas-impermeable connections for panels of stay-in-place form-work systems
US10022825B2 (en) 2010-07-06 2018-07-17 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Method for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding a variety of structures
US10151119B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2018-12-11 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Tool for making panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures and methods for using same
US10280636B2 (en) 2007-11-09 2019-05-07 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Connector components for form-work systems and methods for use of same
US20200080326A1 (en) * 2018-09-06 2020-03-12 MW Panel Tech, LLC Configurable Steel Form System for Fabricating Precast Panels
US10731333B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2020-08-04 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Structure-lining apparatus with adjustable width and tool for same
US11180915B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2021-11-23 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Longspan stay-in-place liners
US11512483B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2022-11-29 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Snap-together standoffs for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures
US11674322B2 (en) 2019-02-08 2023-06-13 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Retainers for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US389630A (en) * 1888-09-18 Hame-tug
US688851A (en) * 1901-03-02 1901-12-17 John N Harrison Metallic curb.
FR747976A (en) * 1933-06-26
US2249979A (en) * 1939-09-22 1941-07-22 James W Reardon Curb construction

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US389630A (en) * 1888-09-18 Hame-tug
FR747976A (en) * 1933-06-26
US688851A (en) * 1901-03-02 1901-12-17 John N Harrison Metallic curb.
US2249979A (en) * 1939-09-22 1941-07-22 James W Reardon Curb construction

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3379105A (en) * 1966-07-29 1968-04-23 Hugh C. Lynch Permanent curb form structure having tongue and groove joint means
WO1991010028A1 (en) * 1989-12-22 1991-07-11 Speral Aluminium Inc. Prefabricated assembly for poured concrete forming structures
US5078360A (en) * 1989-12-22 1992-01-07 Speral Aluminium Inc. Prefabricated assembly for poured concrete forming structures
US6010276A (en) * 1996-03-12 2000-01-04 Young; James E. Island form
US20050061948A1 (en) * 2002-01-08 2005-03-24 Brennan James Andrew Method and apparatus for forming construction panels and structures
US9328469B2 (en) * 2007-11-01 2016-05-03 John Radu, Jr. Galvannealed steel forms
US20110186710A1 (en) * 2007-11-01 2011-08-04 Radu Jr John Galvannealed steel forms
US10280636B2 (en) 2007-11-09 2019-05-07 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Connector components for form-work systems and methods for use of same
US11512484B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2022-11-29 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US9273479B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2016-03-01 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US9879436B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2018-01-30 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US9359780B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2016-06-07 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US10662661B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2020-05-26 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US9273477B2 (en) * 2009-02-18 2016-03-01 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Clip-on connection system for stay-in-place form-work
US20150076318A1 (en) * 2009-02-18 2015-03-19 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Clip-on connection system for stay-in-place form-work
US10022825B2 (en) 2010-07-06 2018-07-17 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Method for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding a variety of structures
US9441365B2 (en) 2011-11-24 2016-09-13 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Stay-in-place formwork with anti-deformation panels
US10151119B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2018-12-11 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Tool for making panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures and methods for using same
US9790681B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2017-10-17 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures
US9784005B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2017-10-10 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Systems for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures with locatable stand-off components
US9453345B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2016-09-27 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures
US9783991B2 (en) 2013-12-06 2017-10-10 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Structure cladding trim components and methods for fabrication and use of same
US10450763B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2019-10-22 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Liquid and gas-impermeable connections for panels of stay-in-place form-work systems
US9982444B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2018-05-29 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Liquid and gas-impermeable connections for panels of stay-in-place form-work systems
US10731333B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2020-08-04 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Structure-lining apparatus with adjustable width and tool for same
US11053676B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2021-07-06 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Structure-lining apparatus with adjustable width and tool for same
US11499308B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2022-11-15 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Structure-lining apparatus with adjustable width and tool for same
US11821204B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2023-11-21 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Longspan stay-in-place liners
US11180915B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2021-11-23 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Longspan stay-in-place liners
US11512483B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2022-11-29 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Snap-together standoffs for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures
US11761220B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2023-09-19 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Snap-together standoffs for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures
US10947746B2 (en) * 2018-09-06 2021-03-16 MW Panel Tech, LLC Configurable steel form system for fabricating precast panels
US11571834B2 (en) * 2018-09-06 2023-02-07 MW Panel Tech, LLC Configurable steel form system for fabricating precast panels
US20200080326A1 (en) * 2018-09-06 2020-03-12 MW Panel Tech, LLC Configurable Steel Form System for Fabricating Precast Panels
US11674322B2 (en) 2019-02-08 2023-06-13 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Retainers for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures

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