US3240587A

US3240587A - Method for injecting particulate coal into a blast furnace

Info

Publication number: US3240587A
Application number: US246397A
Authority: US
Inventors: Lawrence D Schmidt
Original assignee: Allied Chemical Corp
Current assignee: Allied Corp
Priority date: 1962-12-21
Filing date: 1962-12-21
Publication date: 1966-03-15
Anticipated expiration: 1983-03-15
Also published as: DE1608382A1; DE1608382B2; DE1608382C3

Description

L. D. SCHMIDT METHOD FOR INJECTING PARTICULATE com. INTO A BLAST FURNACE Filed Dec. 21, 1962 March 15, 1966 3' Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. [AM/FENCE 0. 8614/14/07 March 15, 1966 1.. D. SCHMIDT METHOD FOR INJECTING PARTICULATE COAL INTO A BLAST FURNACE 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 21, 1962 BY M ATM/MEI March 15, 1966 L. D. SCHMIDT METHOD FOR INJECTING PARTICULATE COAL INTO A BLAST FURNACE 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 21, 1962 INVENTOR. L flWRE/VCE L7. SCH/WOT 1477'0R/VEY United States Patent 3,240,507 METHUD FOR HNJECTENG PARTIQULATE C(BAL lNTtB A BLAST FURNAE Lawrence E). Schmidt, New York, N.Y., assignor to Afiied Chemical Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed Dec. 21, 1962, Ser. No. 246,397 6 Claims. (Cl. 7542) This invention relates to blast furnaces and the operation thereof, particularly the manner of supplying the heat, for effecting the smelting of metallurgical materials, particularly iron ore.

Blast furnace operation involves the charging of the iron ore, coke, and flux, usually limestone and/or dolomite into the top of the furnace and blowing heated air, with or without added oxygen, into the bottom and up through the charge. Present good blast furnace practice employs a hot blast, usually air, temperature which averages about 1600 F. With the advent of better refractories in the air preheating stoves, it is visualized that hot blast temperatures as high as 2200 F. can be used with consequent increase in the productivity of the blast furnace.

To effect reasonably efficient reduction of the ore, a good grade of metallurgical coke must be used of a size and crushing strength to sustain the burden, maintain the charge relatively open and permit the blast to pass up through the burden to effect the desired reduction of the oxides to metal and the melting of the metal so that ready separation of the molten metal from the slag can be effected. Coke of good metallurgical quality is costly. Attempts to replace a portion of the coke by coal in the charge have proven unsuccessful because the coal deleteriously affects the charge, resulting in agglomerates which interfere with the reducton and smelting of the ore.

In this specification, all percentages are given on a Weight basis.

It has been suggested that the coke requirements of a blast furnace be reduced by introducing pulverized coal, at atmospheric temperature, having a moisture content of 23% into the tuyeres of the blast furnace. The term pulverized coal or powdered coal by common usage means coal of the type used for pulverized coal firing of steam boilers. Such coal invariably has a particle size as follows:

99.5% through 50 mesh (U.S. Sieve opening 297 microns);

96.5% through 100 mesh (U.S. Sieve opening 149 microns);

80% through 200 mesh (U.S. Sieve opening 74 microns).

The injection of pulverized coal at atmospheric temperature having a moisture content of 2-3% has the objection that the moisture content of the coal results in a loss of heat from the hot blast which heat would otherwise be beneficially used ineifecting the smelting and refining of the metal. The use of pulverized coal also requires the added expense of pulverizing the coal. Moreover, a large part of the pulverized coal invariably passes too far into the blast furnace (or may pass all the way through the furnace and out at the top) to be used efiiciently in the hottest part of the blast furnace. Furthermore, the introduction of pulverized coal through the tuyeres as heretofore conducted presents the ever present hazard that the coal particles will ball up and plug the injection pipes of the tuyeres. It was found with coal of 2-3% moisture content that the content of minus 100 mesh sieve must be carefully controlled below a maximum of about 20%; otherwise plugging of the injection pipes of the tuyeres would take place.

ice

The introduction of coal at atmospheric temperature containing from 2-3% moisture requires a conveying or carrier gas in relatively large amounts because the moisture content of the coal tends to cause agglomeration of the particles, and to maintain the patricles in the dispersed or relatively fluid phase required to effect the introduction thereof into the blast furnace, relatively large amounts of conveyer or carrier gas must be used. This is, of course, objectionable in that it involves loss of heat utilized in raising the temperature of the conveyor or carrer gas to the high temperatures in the tuyere zone of the blast furnace. The loss of heat represents a reduction in efficiency of the blast furnace in smelting metals.

It is a principal object of the present invention to provide a process for operating a blast furnace resulting in a marked saving in coke consumption by employing coal introduced into the tuyeres, and this without sacrifice to the blast temperature, without the hazard of balling up or plugging of the injection pipes, without the necessity of pulverizing the coal, and with the use of relatively small amounts of carrier or conveying gas for introducing the coal through the tuyeres into the blast furnace.

Still another object of this invention is to provide such process in which the coal used is of the same particle size as commonly employed for charging coke oven batteries, invariably employed as an adjunct of a steel plant containing the blast furnace or furnaces to supply the latter with their coke requirements.

Another object of this invention is to provide the necessary apparatus, including a conventional blast furnace, modified with the necessary coal feed to the tuyeres to practice such process.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description thereof.

In accordance with this invention, hammer-milled coil, invariably available at steel plants as the feed for the coke oven battery or batteries, is used without further size reduction, screening or impairment of coking properties by oxidation. Hammer-milled coal has a particle size (by particle size as used herein is meant the largest dimension of the particle), not exceeding about threeeighths of an inch, from 5% to 20% of the particles are larger than about one-quarter inch, from 20% to 40% of the particles are larger than one-eighth inch, and over 50% of the particles are larger than 0.04 inch. Such coal having a moisture content of 2% to 8%, usually 7% to 8%, is preheated to a temperature of 220 F. to 600 F., preferably 400 F. to 600 F., and thus the moisture content is substantially completely removed, and the preheated coal introduced into a confined storage zone, herein sometimes called a hot bin. This storage zone communicates with a confined charging zone, herein sometimes called a pressure bin, arranged to be pressurized with steam, coke oven gas or other carrier gas, to a pressure above the pressure of the blast gases introduced into the tuyeres.

Charges of preheated hammer-milled coal are introduced into the charging zone. In one modification of this invention, the charges are introduced while the charging zone is at ambient pressure and this zone is pressurized after the introduction of each charge. In another modification, the charges are introduced under pressure and without releasing the pressure in the charging zone. In both modifications the charging zone is pressurized to a pressure above the tuyere pressure and the preheated hammer-milled coal is introduced through the tuyeres into the blast furnace.

Where the preheated hammer-milled coal is available, as for example in coke oven battery installations embodying my invention of United States Patent 3,047,473 granted July 31,1962, such coal can be fed directly to the storage zone to provide the latter with the predetermined charge for feed to the charging zone communicating with the tuyeres of the blast furnace.

The amount of carrier gas used for conveying the hammer-milled coal is approximately the minimum amount which can be used to obtain the desired transport of the coal particles from the charging zone into and through the tuyeres into the blast furnace. Steam can be used in accordance with the present invention because the pie-heated hammer-milled coal is dry and at a relatively high temperature so that the steam will not condense on and wet the coal, making it difiicult or impossible to be conveyed by the conveying steam. When coke ovcn gas is used, it is employed under pressure somewhat greater than that in the tuyere zone of the blast furnace and pre-heated desirably to a temperature at least as high as that of the pre-heated coal. The amount of coke oven gas thus used is that required to effect conveyance of the hammer-milled coal particles from the storage zone into and through the tuyeres into the blast furnace. Coke oven gas is a preferred carrier gas for effecting injection of the hammer-milled coal particles through the tuyeres into the blast furnace because the coke oven gas does not react with constituents present in the high heat zone of the blast furnace as does steam, nor decompose as does natural gas, and hence minimizes loss of heat due to the introduction of the carrier gas along with the hammer-milled coal through the tuyeres into the blast furnace.

In the accompanying drawings, showing for purposes of exemplification a preferred embodiment of this invention, to which, however, the invention is not limited:

FIGURE 1 is a vertical section partly in elevation of a blast furnace embodying this invention;

FIGURE 2 is a sectional detail, on an enlarged scale, of the connection between the bottom of the hot bin and top of the pressure bin showing the valves therein in elevation;

FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary view partly in vertical section and partly in elevation of a modified arrangement involving a hot bin, lock bin and pressure bin which arrangement is designed for continuous feed to each tuyere;

FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the apparatus of FIGURE 3;

FIGURE 5 is a plan view, partially in section, of one form of coal drier for drying and preheating wet coal for feed to the hot bin; and

FIGURE 6 is a vertical section of the drier on line 6-6 of FIGURE 5.

In FIGURE 1, 10 is a conventional blast furnace having a shaft wall 12, a charging device 13 and an outlet 14 for the furnace gases at its top. A hearth 15 supports the charge. A slag notch 16 and an iron notch 17 are provided for tapping off slag and iron, respectively. Blast gas is introduced through bustle pipe 19 and branches 26 to tuyeres 21 into the furnace.

One or two preheated coal (hammer-milled coal as hereinabove described) feeders 23 are provided for supplying preheated coal to screw conveyers 26, hereinafter described each communicating by a pipe 22 with a tuyere 21. FIGURE 1 shows diagrammatically a construction in which two coal feeders 23 are employed, located on opposite sides of the blast furnace, and each provided with a group of screw conveyers 26 to supply through the pipes 22, each individual to a tuyere 21, approximately half the tuyeres 21. Each coal feeder 23 comprises a hot bin 24, and a pressure bin 25 hereinafter more fully described communicating with the screw conveyers 26 and provided with necessary steam and power suppliers. Each tuyere 21 has a screw conveyor 26 individual thereto for feeding coal thereto, thus giving positive control on coal and carrier gas feed to each tuyere. FIGURE 1 shows one feeder 23 at the right hand side of the blast furnace 10 and shows only a fragment of the feeder 23 on the left hand side of the blast furnace, viewing FIG- URE 1. It will be understood that only one feeder 23 can be used, the screw conveyors 26 of which are arranged at one side of the blast furnace and communicate through pipes 22 with the tuyeres 21 each having a screw conveyer and pipe 22 individual thereto.

A coal drier 27 is arranged to receive raw wet hammermilled coal at 28, dry and preheat it, and deliver it to hot bin 24 through pipe 29. Any suitable drier for this purpose may be used, including that disclosed in my aforesaid U.S. Patent 3,047,473. A furnace 30 furnishes hot combustion gases through pipe 31 to dry the coal. It will be understood that the showing of FIGURE 1 exemplifies one embodiment of the invention, that the invention is not limited to the relative position of the drier 27 and feeder 23 shown in this figure and that, if desired, the drier 27 can be positioned at ground level and the dried hammer-milled coal conveyed by a carrier gas from about ground level into the top of hot bin 24.

Hot bin 24 preferably cylindrical and built of sheet iron or steel, has downwardly converging bottom walls 32 terminating in a valve seat 33 (FIGURE 2) adapted to be closed by a swinging cup-shaped disc 34, providing a guard valve for the pressure bin 25. Lever 35 operated from any suitable source of power swings the disc 34 to open or closed position. The guard valve consisting of seat 33 and disc 34 controls the discharge from hot bin 24 into the pressurized bin 25 and need be only sulficiently tight to shut off the flow of coal by gravity from bin 24.

The pressure bin 25 is the same in both the modifications of FIGURE 1 and that of FIGURES 3 and 4 and hence has been identified by the same reference characters in these figures. As best shown in FIGURE 4, it is a vessel having a relatively narrow elongated lower portion 25' defined by the longitudinally elongated substantially parallel side Walls 25a and 2512 (FIGURE 3) and the narrow walls 250 and 25d (FIGURE 4). The side walls 25a and 25b are shaped as shown in FIGURE 4; The lower portion of the opposite side edges are substantially vertical and parallel up to level 25g and above this level the

opposite edges

25c and 25f converge towards the top of bin 25. End walls 250 and 25d consist of oppositely disposed substantially vertical lower portions extending to level 25g and converging upper portions extending from level 25g to the top of pressure bin 25.

Pressure bin 25 preferably, is of smaller capacity than bin 24, but of sufficient capacity to hold the predetermined charge of preheated coal for the blast furnace. The capacity of the pressure bin 25 will depend on the size of the blast furnace; a pressure bin 25 having one cubic foot of volume per cubic feet of working volume of the blast furnace will be found satisfactory. Both bins are advantageously lagged to minimize loss of heat from the preheated coal.

The bottom of bin 24 is connected with the top of bin 25 by a vertical duct 36 isolated from bin 25 by a valve seat 37 and a valve disc 38, both in general similar to valve 33-34 but with this difference that valve 37-38 is constructed to close pressure tight. For this purpose a valved jet 39, preferably a steam jet, is provided to clean or scour seat 37 before the valve is closed. Lever 40, operated from the same power source that operates valve 34, operates disc 38. While valve disc 38 is shown seated on seat 37 so that the pressure in vessel 25 acts against the valve disc 38 on its seat, this valve disc 38 can be inverted as hereinafter described in connection with FIG- URE 3 so that the pressure in pressure bin 25 maintains the valve 37-38 sealed. Valve disc 34 can be inverted similarly.

The elongated base portion of pressure bin 25 communicates with a row of screw conveyers 26, which can be located in separate chambers or in one common chamber extending from the base of pressure bin 25 towards the blast furnace. FIGURE 4 shows 10 screw conveyers F C) at the base of hit bin 25. Thus a hot bin construction for supplying l tuyeres is illustrated; the number of screw conveyers at the base of the hot bin will depend on the number of tuyeres supplied by that hot bin. Each screw conveyer 26 has a conveyer screw 42 driven from a power source 44 and feeds the hot dry coal, under pressure into the communicating pipe 22 which leads into a tuyere 21. Employing a single feeder 25 for the blast furnace the pressurized bin 25 is dimensioned to supply all of the tuyeres and feeds the preheated pressurized hammer-milled coal to the respective screw conveyers each individual to a tuyere through a pipe 22 of sufficient length to provide communication between the tuyere and the screw conveyer which supplies that tuyere. Carrier gas such as steam or coke oven gas is introduced into each pipe 22 through a valve controlled line 48 to insure smooth trouble-free transport of the preheated hammermilled coal particles through pipes 22 into the tuyeres 21.

Steam, coke oven gas or other carrier gas for pressurizing bin 25 is supplied by pipe 45 and valved branch 46. A gauge 47 indicates the pressure in the bin.

In the arrangement shown in FIGURE 1, coal flow from pressure bin 25 stops when the bin has been emptied, and does not re-start until after bin 25 is refilled and re-pressurized. Preferably two assemblies, each containing a drier 27, hot bin 24 and pressure bin 25 are used, as indicated in FIGURE 1 where one assembly, that on the left hand side, is shown fragmentarily. One assembly feeds one-half of the tuyeres and the other assembly feeds the other half of the tuyeres of the blast furnace. In this way the feed of hammer-milled coal into the blast furnace through the tuyeres is maintained more uniform, especially by increasing the speed of rotation of the screw conveyers 26 during the interim when one or the other pressure bin 25 is refilling. The capacity of the pressure bins 25 and the rate of discharge of the coal therefrom are such that one or the other of the pressure bins 25 feeds coal through the tuyeres of the blast furnace at all times during operation.

In the modification of FIGURE 3, continuous feed of hot hammer-milled coal, preheated to a temperature of 220 F. to 600 F. to each tuyere is effected. This facilitates uniform operation of the blast furnace. In FIG- URE 3 a hot bin 24 for receiving preheated hammermilled coal, as in the case of hot bin 24 of FIGURE 1, communicates through a connecting chamber 24b with lock hopper 24A. A valve disc 34 arranged to seat on seat 33 controls the communication between base of hot bin 24 and the top of chamber 24b. The base of this chamber is provided with a valve seat 240 on which the valve disc 24d pivoted at 24c is adapted to seat to make a gas tight seal. This disc 24d is inverted relative to position of valve disc 33 shown in FIGURE 2. In the construction of FIGURE 3 the lock hopper 24A, after valve disc 24d is seated on its seat 24c, is pressurized by steam, coke oven gas or other carrier gas introduced into lock hopper 24A through valve controlled main 24 The base of lock hopper 24A communicates with the top of pressure bin 25 through chamber 2612 having a valve seat 26c at its top and a valve seat 26d at its base. Valve disc 36 carried by arm 88 pivoted at %9 is arranged to seat on seat 26c. Pressure carrier fluid admitted through main 24 in lock hopper 24A acts on valve disc 24d to maintain it seated on valve seat 24c.

Pressurizing bin 25 is provided with a valve controlled line 46' for introducing carrier gas under pressure such as steam or coke oven gas. This pressure acts on valve disc 87 to maintain it seated on seat 26d and thus provide a pressure tight seal for bin 25. Valve disc 87 is mounted on an actuating arm 91 pivoted at 92.

The apparatus of FIGURE 1 as well as that of FIG- URE 3 is equipped with conventional timer mechanism for operating the valves at predetermined intervals and in the desired sequence.

The operation of the apparatus of FIGURE 3 will now be described. Valve disc 87 is moved from its seat 26d and previously pressurized coal in lock hopper 24A drops into pressurized bin 25.

Guard valve

86, 26c closes after a suitable time delay to clear chamber 26b of coal.

Valve

37, 26d then closes, no coal being present on the valve seat 26d to erode the valve disc 87. The absence of coal on gas tight valve seat 26d is a result of the prior closure of

guard valve

86, 26c.

Guard valve

86, 26c need not be gas tight but merely fit closely enough to stop coal flow. Valve seat 26a can be provided with a jet similar to 39 to insure removal of all coal from the seat. The time controlled actuation mechanism then opens valve 24d, 24c and valve 34, 33' thus allowing coal to fall from bin 24 filling lock hopper 24A. Guard valve 34, 33' is then closed; and

guard valve

86, 26c opened, thus lowering the coal level in lock hopper 24A so that gas-tight valve 24d can close free of coal on or close to seat 240. Valve 24; opens and carrier gas is admitted to lock hopper 24A to bring it up to the pressure in pressurized bin 25; the cycle can then be repeated.

The drier and coal preheater, shown in FIGURES 5 and 6, comprise a shell 56 open at the top and bottom but closed at the sides, and adapted to receive raw wet hammer-milled coal at the top of 51 and hot ascending combustion gases from furnace 30 at the bottom at 52. Fixed to the opposite walls of shell 50 is a series of staggered horizontal bafiies or supports 53, arranged as shown in FIGURE 5 to prevent the downward passage of quiescent coal in the drier. It will be noted that the bottom bafile 53a is positioned to provide a stop or obstruction for the space 5311 defined by the oppositely disposed side edges of the bafiies 53 thereabove, which side edges define the space 53b diverging in an upward direction. Bottom bafile 53c acts as a stop for the space 53d defined by the adjacent side edges of baffies 53 thereabove. Space 53a is disposed below baffie 53 and diverges from top to bottom providing passageway for both ascending hot gases and freely falling coal. Spaces or

openings

53a, 53g and 53h, i.e., areas through which coal can fall, are provided in the drier; space 5311 is positioned contiguous to wall of shell 50 and space 53g at the opposite side of the drier beneath top bafile 531' and above the base wall (it). The bottom 52 of drier communicates with the passageway leading into the drier therebelow or the feed bin F leading into the line 29, at spaced discharge openings 0 O and O Reciprocating on the bafiies is a series of scrapers 54, so arranged as to agitate and move the coal in the drier to dislodge the coal from the supporting bafiles and cause it to fall through openings 0 O and O Scrapers 54 are rigidly affixed to a frame comprising longitudinal bars 55 connected to a vertical cross member 56 at the opposite ends of the latter so that all the scrapers reciprocate together, including top scraper 54a movable to scrape the top of the left hand end of bafile 53f. Top scraper 54a is fixed to one end of arms 54b (FIGURE 5) the opposite ends of which are suitably fastened to the upper edge of scraper 54' shown in FIGURE 6.

Reciprocation of the scrapers is effected by oscillating toothed pinion 57 meshing with rack 58 which reciprocates on rollers 59 rotatably supported, as is pinion 57, on frame 61. The reciprocating motion of rack 58 is transmitted to the frame carrying scrapers 54 by means of rod 62 which at one end is threaded and pinned to rack 58 at 63, passes through seal 64, and at the other end is fastened to cross member 66 of the scraper frame.

Seal 64 is mounted in stub cylinder 66 welded to head plate 67 which is bolted to and closes flanged extension 68 of shell 50.

Oscillating pinion 57 may be operated by any suitable drive, preferably provided with speed control, to give any desired rate of feed of the coal.

The coal in its descent through the drier loses its moisture and is heated, and the heated coal falls into bin 24 or 24' in a hot dry condition. It will be clear that by suitable regulation of the speed of reciprocation of the scrapers, the downward flow of coal can be so controlled with respect to the upward flow and temperature of the combustion gases that the coal drops into

bin

24 or 24 at a desired temperature, within the range of 220 F. to 600 F. preferably 400 F. to 600 F.

Instead of one set of baflies and scrapers such as that described, the drier may contain two or more, one above another. In FIGURE 1, two such sets are indicated diagrammatically at 70 and 71. Furnace 30 may be fired by any suitable fuel. The baffle-scraper assemblies serve to meter the coal flow countercurrent to the hot gases rising up therethrough.

In operation the metallurgical materials, e.g., iron ore, along with coke and flux are introduced through the charging device into the blast furnace and heated air with or without added oxygen supplied to the tuyeres of the blast furnace from the bustle pipe. The hammer-milled coal having the particle size hereinabove disclosed and having a moisture content ordinarily from about 2% to 8%, usually 7% to 8%, is passed through the drier to preheat it to 220 F. to 600 F., preferably 400 F. to 600 F. The hot dry coal is fed continuously or intermittently through transfer line 29 (FIGURE 1) to hot bin 24 (FIGURE 1) or 24 (FIGURE 3), and fed intermittently into pressure bin 25 as needed for introduction into the blast furnace 10. Employing the continuous procedure of FIGURE 3, the hot dry coal is fed intermittently as above described into lock hopper 24A and thence intermittently into pressurized bin 25 in which a charge of coal is always maintained under pressure for feed to the tuyeres, which charge is replenished intermittently and often enough to always maintain enough coal in bin 25 to supply the screw conveyors 26. With a hot blast gas pressure of p.s.i.g., the pressure in pressurized bin should be raised to p.s.i.g., or higher by steam, coke oven gas or other carrier gas from pipe 46 or 46, desirably superheated steam at temperatures of 500 F. to 700 F.

From 20% to of the coke requirement of the blast furnace can be replaced by the preheated co-al introduced into the tuyeres as hereinabove described.

The introduction of the preheated coal, as herein described, does not result in loss of heat from the hot blast. The coal being hot, dry and at a temperature within the range of from 220 F. to 600 F., preferably 400 F. to 600 F. and being coarse enough to be retained in the coke bed in the tuyere zone of the blast furnace, burns readily there and supplies heat where needed at the maximum temperature zone of the blast furnace. The preheated coal being at or near the temperature where it begins to get sticky, due to melting and formation of tar, is heated in the tuyere zone of the furnace to a temperature such that upon entry into the blast furnace into contact with the coke bed therein it sticks to the coke and is burned where it can contribute best to the local heat balance of what must necessarily be the hottest zone of the furnace. I have found that when coking coals are preheated or dried in air or conveyed to the blast furnace using air as the carrier gas, their coking properties are impaired and the oxidized coal particles do not melt and stick to the coke bed in the hot zone of the blast furnace where they can best contribute to the conservation of the relatively expensive coke. The use of dry hammer-milled coal, which as noted is relatively coarse and yet can be injected under pres-sure through the tuyeres into the blast furnace is especially important because the coarse particles are retained in the high temperature zone of the blast furnace long enough to be burned there to supply heat where it is needed, and this without loss of coal by passage up through the charge in the blast furnace as takes place when pulverized or powdered coal is employed. Moreover, the preheated coarse coking coal particles do not ball up or stick together and clog the tuyeres even with high weight ratios of coal to carrier gas. Such clogging of the tuyeres frequently takes place when using pulverized or powdered coal, and this even though much lower weight ratios of coal to carrier gas are used. This advantage of the described procedure is indeed surprising and unexpected because from the experience with injection of pulverized or powdered coal through the tuyeres of a blast furnace, one would expect that the difficulties encountered with clogging of the tuyeres would be aggravated by the use of larger coal particles, yet the injection of preheated hammer-milled coal as herein disclosed proceeds smoothly, so much so that relatively greater quantities of the cheaper hammer-milled coal can be introduced through the tuyeres to replace relatively expensive coke.

Operating as herein described, the amount of gas, preferably steam or coke oven gas, employed to pressurize the

pressurized bin

25 or 25 and aid in conveying the coal into and through the tuyeres is kept to a minimum, thus conserving the high temperature of the blast.

By feeding the preheated dry coal by the screw conveyors each individual to a tuyere, which screw conveyors give positive control of the feed to each tuyere, the amount of carrier gas supplied to the conveying line for each tuyere can be kept low. The amount of carrier gas is markedly lower than is required in procedures involving the feed of wet coal or employing splitters to apportion the feed to the tuyeres.

It will be noted that guard valve discs 34, 34' and 86 (FIGURES 2 and 3) open and close through coal and that they need make only a loose fit with their respective valve seats to prevent feed of coal into the zones in which gas tight valves 3738, 24c-24d and 87-26d operate. In this way those valves which must be gas tight, avoid the serious erosion which arises when they are forced to close with coal on their seats. Steam or inert gas introduced through jet 39 cleans the valve seat before disc 38 seats on seat 37. A gas tight closure is thus insured each time valve disc 38 is seated. The above described operation or valve disc 38 also applies to valve discs 24d and 87 of FIGURE 3 which close in the absence of coal and make pressure tight closure on their respective valve seats. In the structure of FIGURE 3 the pressure in lock hopper 24a aids in maintaining valve disc 24d on its seat 240. Similarly the pressure in pressurized bin 25 holds valve disc 87 tightly against its seat 26d. By inverting valve disc 38 so that it seats aganst a seat at the top of pressurized bin 25, similar to the structure shown in FIGURE 3 for valve disc 87 and its seat 26d, the pressure in pressurized bin 25 will hold the inverted valve disc tightly against its seat.

Since raw hammer-milled coal is available at steel plants and is relatively cheap, and since the cost of pulverizing or screening required by some prior processes is avoided, it will be apparent that this invention provides an unusually economically and efiicient improvement in the operation of blast furnaces.

This invention is not to be limited to the disclosure herein, including that of the drawings, except as indicated in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In the method of smelting metallurgical materials in a blast furnace wherein the metallurgical materials, coke and flux are introduced into the blast furnace and the resultant charge is blasted with oxygen containing gas introduced through the tuyeres of the furnace, the improvement which comprises introducing dry hammermilled coal preheated to a temperature of from 220 to 600 F. through the tuyeres of the blast furnace and thus reduce the amount of coke required for smelting the metallurgical materials, at least 20% of said coal being comprised of particles having a particle size of over oneeighth up to about three-eighths of an inch.

2. In the method of smelting iron ore in a blast furnace wherein the ore, coke and flux are introduced into the upper portion of the blast furnace and the resultant charge is blasted with oxygen containing gas introduced under super atmospheric pres-sure through the tuyeres of the furnace, the improvement which comprises introducing dry hammer-milled coal at a temperature of 220 to 600 F. into a storage zone communicating with a charging zone, at least 20% of said coal being comprised of particles having a particle size of over one-eighth up to about threeeighths of an inch, feeding a predetermined amount of said coal from said storage zone into said charging zone, forming a gas tight seal between said zones when said predetermined charge has been introduced into said charging zone, pressurizing said charging zone to a pressure above the pressure of said oxygen containing gas introduced through the tuyeres, and feeding said predetermined amount thus pressurized from said charging zone through said tuyeres into said blast furnace.

3. A method of operating a blast furnace, which comprises, feeding raw wet coarsely comminuted coal, at least 20% of which is comprised of particles having a particle size of over one-eighth up to about three-eighths of an inch, counter-current to a stream of hot gases whereby the coal is dried and preheated to a temperature of from 220 to 600 F., discharging the hot dry coal to a storage zone, intermittently passing the hot dry coal from the storage zone to a charging zone, closing the charging zone pressure tight, applying gas under pressure to thecharging zone to raise its internal pressure to a value greater then the pressure in the tuyeres of the blast furnace to which the coal is to be charged, and feeding the hot dry pressurized coal along with said gas under pressure through said tuyeres.

4. The method defined in claim 3, in which the raw wet coarsely comminuted coal has a particle size not exceed-ing about three-eighths of an inch, from to 20% of the particles being larger than about one-quarter of an inch, from 20% to 40% of the particles being larger than about one-eighth of an inch and over 50% of the particles being larger than about 0.04 of an inch, is preheated to a temperature within the range of from 400 to 600 F. and is transported to and through the tuyeres by a coke oven carrier gas at a temperature at least as high as the temperature of the preheated coal in amount just suflicient to effect the transport of said preheated coal through the tuyeres into the blast furnace.

5. A method of operating a blast furnace, which comprises, feeding raw wet coarsely comminuted coal, at least 20% of which is comprised of particles having a particle size of over one-eighth up to about three-eighths of an inch, counter-current to a stream of hot gases whereby the coal is dried and preheated to a temperature of from 220 to 600 F., discharging the hot dry coal to a storage zone, intermittently passing the hot dry coal from the storage zone to an intermediate zone, pressurizing the intermediate zone containing said coal, intermittently feeding said coal from said intermediate zone into a charging zone maintained under pressure greater than the pressure in the tuyeres of the blast furnace, and continuously charging the coal under pressure from the charging zone into and through the tuyeres into said blast furnace.

6. The method defined in claim 5, in which the raw, wet coarsely comminuted coal has a particle size not exceeding about three-eighths of an inch, from 5% to 20% of the particles being larger than about one-quarter of an inch, from 20% to 40% of the particles being larger than about one-eighth of an inch and over of the particles being larger than about 0.04 of an inch, is preheated to a temperature within the range of from 400 to 600 F. and is transported to and through the tuyeres by a coke oven carrier gas at a temperature at least as high as the temperature of the preheated coal in amount just suflicient to effect the transport of said coal through the tuyeres into the blast furnace.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 719,320 1/1903 Foster -42 1,541,731 6/ 1925 Muguet 75-42 2,195,866 4/ 1940 Le Clarick 2 66-28 2,219,046 10/1940 Koller et a1. 7542 2,591,789 4/1952 De Jahn 26629 2,650,161 8/1953 Totzek 75-42 2,690,333 9/1954 Pornykala 26629 2,719,083 9/1955 Pomykala 7542 2,795,497 6/ 1957 Elvander 75-42 3,150,962 9/1964 Pearson 7542 3,167,421 1/ 1965 Pfiefi-er 7542 DAVID L. RECK, Primary Examiner.

BENJAMIN HENKIN, Examiner.

Claims

1. IN THE METHOD OF SMELTING METALLURGICAL MATERIALS IN A BLAST FURNANCE WHEREIN THE METALLURGICAL MATERIALS, COKE AND FLUX ARE INTRODUCED INTO THE BLAST FURNACE AND THE RESULTANT CHARGE IS BLASTED WITH OXYGEN CONTAINING GAS INTRODUCED THROUGH THE TUYERES OF THE FURNACE, THE IMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISES INTRODUCING DRY HAMMERMILLED COAL PREHEATED TO A TEMPERATURE OF FROM 220* TO 600*F. THROUGH THE TUYERES OF THE BLAST FURNANCE AND THUS REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF COKE REQUIRED FOR SMELTING THE MEALLURGICAL MATERIALS, AT LEAST 20% OF SAID COAL BEING COMPRISED OF PARTICLES HAVING A PARTICLE SIZE OF OVER ONEEIGHTH UP TO ABOUT THREE-EIGHTS OF AN INCH.