US3237418A - Apparatus and method for producing liquid oxygen and/or liquid nitrogen by low temperature rectification of atmospheric air - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for producing liquid oxygen and/or liquid nitrogen by low temperature rectification of atmospheric air Download PDF

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Publication number
US3237418A
US3237418A US65023A US6502360A US3237418A US 3237418 A US3237418 A US 3237418A US 65023 A US65023 A US 65023A US 6502360 A US6502360 A US 6502360A US 3237418 A US3237418 A US 3237418A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nitrogen
column
liquid
oxygen
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US65023A
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English (en)
Inventor
Meisler Joseph
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL270584D priority Critical patent/NL270584A/xx
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Priority to US65023A priority patent/US3237418A/en
Priority to DEN20708A priority patent/DE1171449B/de
Priority to GB37894/61A priority patent/GB998914A/en
Priority to FR877132A priority patent/FR1304535A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3237418A publication Critical patent/US3237418A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04424—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system without thermally coupled high and low pressure columns, i.e. a so-called split columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04278—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using external refrigeration units, e.g. closed mechanical or regenerative refrigeration units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/42—One fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/02—Control in general, load changes, different modes ("runs"), measurements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/912—External refrigeration system
    • Y10S62/913—Liquified gas

Definitions

  • the present installation is of special advantage when mounting in confined spaces is required.
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision for removing all moisture and carbon dioxide from the air supply to the installation without the use of conventional chemical agents or auxiliary equipment.
  • the cycle would be suitable for producing varying quantities of high purity liquid nitrogen simultaneously with the production of high purity liquid oxygen product.
  • the low pressure cycle of the present invention has the ability to control efliciently the required refrigeration of the plant. Its low operating pressure permits the use of an efficient and economical heat exchanger surface and reduces the hazard of hydrocarbon contamination of the products by the feasi bility and use of an oil free compressor and an eflicient liquid phase adsorber.
  • FI-Flow Indicator RVRelief Valve LLi-Liquid Level Indicator PD-Pressure Difference Meter P-Pressure Meter (Manometer) PRVPressure Reducing Valve LLCLiquid Level Control SVSafety Valve Referring more particularly to FIGURE 1, atmospheric air is drawn into air compressor 14 wherein it is compressed to about 70 p.s.i.g. pressure. One fraction of the compressed air from compressor 14 is then led through section C of unbalanced reversing type seetional heat exchanger 16, where it is cooled below minus 260 F.
  • the remaining air from compressor 14 is led through refrigerated filter 23 where it is cleaned of CO and moisture and cooled below minus 260 F. by boiling bottoms from nitrogen column 20.
  • a fraction of the combined cold air streams leaving filter 23, section of the heat exchanger 16 and heat exchanger 50 is fed to nitrogen column 20 through line 23 wherein it is rectified into a high purity nitrogen vapor overhead and a rich liquid air bottom.
  • the overhead nitrogen vapors from column 21) are condensed in cold gas refrigerator 26 and transferred to surge tank 28 for use as a liquid reflux to oxygen column 18 as well as other refrigeration requirements and/or product.
  • the residual cold air not fed to column 20 is conducted through line 19 and condensed in reboiler 30 of oxygen column 18, the heat of condensation generated providing the boil-up energy of rectification in said oxygen column 18.
  • the liquid air produced in reboiler 30 is combined via line 49 with control rich liquid air bottoms from nitrogen column 20, and after being cleaned of dissolved atmospheric hydrocarbon contaminants in adsorber 32 and after being cooled in cycle air subcooler 38 by the combined gas streams from condenser 22 and overhead from column 18, it is passed at reduced pressure into nitrogen column condenser 22 to provide the required refrigeration therein for producing the necessary internal reflux for column 20.
  • the evaporated liquid air in condenser 22 is combined with overhead vapors from column 18 at point 25 and warmed in cycle air subcooler 33 and thence passed through heat exchangers 50 and 16, as described above.
  • the rich liquid air bottoms from nitrogen column 20 are cleaned in adsorber 40, and thereafter subcooled in cooler 34 by boiling liquid nitrogen made available from surge tank 28.
  • the cooled, rich liquid air, entering oxygen column 18 at reduced pressure as a saturated liquidvapor mixture is rectified therein into liquid oxygen product bottoms of at least 99.5% purity.
  • the overhead vapors from column 18 are mixed with the cold vapors of nitrogen condenser 22 to provide the refrigeration for reversing heat exchange 16 as described above.
  • the liquid oxygen product is withdrawn from column 18 at 44 after traversing cooler 34 where its temperature is reduced to about minus 300 F. by boiling liquid nitrogen.
  • the foregoing low temperature has the desirable effect of eliminating liquid flash during transfer to a vented liquid oxygen storage tank (not shown).
  • the liquid nitrogen product is Withdrawn from surge tank 28 and tapped off at 46 and/or 48.
  • An apparatus for selectively producing liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen by low temperature rectification of atmospheric air with the use of a reversing type sectional heat exchanger comprising a compressor for compressing said atmospheric air to about 70 p.s.i.g. pressure, a nitrogen rectifier column for the air stream from the reversing type heat exchanger producing nitrogen vapors and liquid air bottoms, a liquid oxygen column producing a liquid oxygen product from said liquid air bottoms, said reversing type sectional heat exchanger for the compressed air being in heat exchanging contact with a waste return gas stream from said oxygen and nitrogen columns passing in the opposite direction, a cold gas refrigerator for condensing the nitrogen vapors drawn off from said nitrogen column to form a liquid nitrogen product, and a subcooler in which a first part of said liquid nitrogen product is received therein for indirect heat exchange with said liquid oxygen product and a second part of said liquid nitrogen product, the said second part being used as a liquid reflux for said oxygen column, the liquid oxygen product being also traversed through said subcooler and withdrawn there
  • An apparatus for selectively producing liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen by low temperature rectification of atmospheric air with the use of a reversing type sectional heat exchanger comprising a compressor for compressing said atmospheric air to about 70 p.s.i.g. pressure, a nitrogen rectifier column producing nitrogen vapors and liquid air bottoms, from the air stream drawnfrom the reversing heat exchanger said nitrogen rectifier column being provided with a reflux condenser, a liquid oxygen column producing a liquid oxygen product from said liquid air bottoms, a reboiler in heat exchange with the liquid air bottoms in the liquid oxygen column to liquify a portion of compressed air drawn from the reversing heat exchanger, said reversing type sectional heat exchanger for the compressed air being in heat exchange contact with a waste return gas stream from said oxygen and nitrogen columns passing in the opposite direction, a cold gas refrigerator for condensing the nitrogen vapors drawn off from said nitrogen column to form said liquid nitrogen product whereas said liquid nitrogen is used as a liquid reflux for said oxygen column,
  • a method for selectively producing liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen products by low temperature rectification of atmospheric air in a nitrogen rectifier column and a liquid oxygen column utilizing a sectional heat exchanger and refrigerated filters in said system and a liquid nitrogen subcooler comprising the steps of compressing atmospheric air; conducting a fraction of said compressed air through said reversing type sectional heat exchanger where it is cooled below minus 260 F.
  • a method for selectively producing liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen products by low temperature rectification of atmospheric air in a nitrogen rectifier column and a liquid oxygen column utilizing a reversing sectional heat exchanger and refrigerated filters in said system and a liquid nitrogen subcooler comprising the steps of compressing atmospheric air; conducting a fraction of said compressed air through said reversing type sectional heat exchanger where the compressed air is cooled below 260 F.
  • a method for selectively producing liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen products as claimed in claim 3 further comprising cooling and purifying a fraction of said compressed air in said reversing type heat exchanger, and controlling such purity by cooling the residual fraction of compressed air in said refrigerated filter maintained at a temperature less than minus 275 F. by the nitrogen vapors of said nitrogen rectifier and by the boiling nitrogen column bottoms from said nitrogen rectifier column.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
US65023A 1960-10-26 1960-10-26 Apparatus and method for producing liquid oxygen and/or liquid nitrogen by low temperature rectification of atmospheric air Expired - Lifetime US3237418A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL270584D NL270584A (en)) 1960-10-26
US65023A US3237418A (en) 1960-10-26 1960-10-26 Apparatus and method for producing liquid oxygen and/or liquid nitrogen by low temperature rectification of atmospheric air
DEN20708A DE1171449B (de) 1960-10-26 1961-10-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerlegung von Luft in fluessigen Sauerstoff und fluessigen Stickstoff
GB37894/61A GB998914A (en) 1960-10-26 1961-10-23 Improvements in or relating to methods of and apparatus for producing liquid oxygen and/or liquid nitrogen
FR877132A FR1304535A (fr) 1960-10-26 1961-10-26 Procédé et dispositif pour préparer de l'oxygène liquide ou de l'azote liquide

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65023A US3237418A (en) 1960-10-26 1960-10-26 Apparatus and method for producing liquid oxygen and/or liquid nitrogen by low temperature rectification of atmospheric air

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3237418A true US3237418A (en) 1966-03-01

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US65023A Expired - Lifetime US3237418A (en) 1960-10-26 1960-10-26 Apparatus and method for producing liquid oxygen and/or liquid nitrogen by low temperature rectification of atmospheric air

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US (1) US3237418A (en))
DE (1) DE1171449B (en))
FR (1) FR1304535A (en))
GB (1) GB998914A (en))
NL (1) NL270584A (en))

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3358462A (en) * 1964-10-05 1967-12-19 Jan H Minkhorst Heat exchange of bypass air feed with liquid product
US5557924A (en) * 1994-09-20 1996-09-24 Vacuum Barrier Corporation Controlled delivery of filtered cryogenic liquid

Citations (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1211125A (en) * 1915-10-12 1917-01-02 Gen Electric Apparatus and process for concentrating argon.
US1607323A (en) * 1925-07-11 1926-11-16 Air Reduction Separation of the constituents of ternary gaseous mixtures
US2113680A (en) * 1938-04-12 Method anx apparatus fob defrost-
US2386297A (en) * 1943-10-07 1945-10-09 Air Reduction Separation of the constituents of gaseous mixtures by liquefaction and rectification
US2406003A (en) * 1943-10-01 1946-08-20 Air Reduction Method and apparatus for obtaining purified liquid oxygen
US2409458A (en) * 1943-04-27 1946-10-15 Air Reduction Separation of the constituents of gaseous mixtures
US2500136A (en) * 1946-06-18 1950-03-07 Standard Oil Dev Co Oxygen separation
US2729953A (en) * 1946-10-09 1956-01-10 Air Prod Inc Air fractionating cycle and apparatus
US2729954A (en) * 1951-08-01 1956-01-10 Air Liquide Separation of gaseous mixtures
US2753698A (en) * 1952-03-05 1956-07-10 Linde Eismasch Ag Method and apparatus for fractionating air and power production
US2802349A (en) * 1951-08-25 1957-08-13 Kellogg M W Co Removing impurities from a gas liquefaction system with aid of extraneous gas stream
US2824428A (en) * 1957-03-19 1958-02-25 Union Carbide Corp Process and apparatus for separating air
US2850880A (en) * 1955-01-05 1958-09-09 Linde Eismasch Ag Process and an apparatus for the separation of compressed air
US2875587A (en) * 1953-07-09 1959-03-03 Philips Corp Gas-fractionating system
US2932174A (en) * 1954-08-19 1960-04-12 Air Prod Inc Apparatus and method for fractionation of gas
FR1215438A (fr) * 1957-12-11 1960-04-19 Lindes Eismaschinen Ag Procédé et appareillage pour la purification continue des gaz dans des échangeurs de chaleur à accumulation par congélation et vaporisation
US2955434A (en) * 1956-10-15 1960-10-11 Air Prod Inc Method and apparatus for fractionating gaseous mixtures
US2959021A (en) * 1956-09-25 1960-11-08 L Air Liquide Sa Pour L Etudes Process for air separation by liquefaction and rectification
US2982107A (en) * 1957-12-16 1961-05-02 Air Reduction Separation of the elements of air

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2856756A (en) * 1953-06-26 1958-10-21 Philips Corp Cold-gas refrigerating machine and method

Patent Citations (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2113680A (en) * 1938-04-12 Method anx apparatus fob defrost-
US1211125A (en) * 1915-10-12 1917-01-02 Gen Electric Apparatus and process for concentrating argon.
US1607323A (en) * 1925-07-11 1926-11-16 Air Reduction Separation of the constituents of ternary gaseous mixtures
US2409458A (en) * 1943-04-27 1946-10-15 Air Reduction Separation of the constituents of gaseous mixtures
US2406003A (en) * 1943-10-01 1946-08-20 Air Reduction Method and apparatus for obtaining purified liquid oxygen
US2386297A (en) * 1943-10-07 1945-10-09 Air Reduction Separation of the constituents of gaseous mixtures by liquefaction and rectification
US2500136A (en) * 1946-06-18 1950-03-07 Standard Oil Dev Co Oxygen separation
US2729953A (en) * 1946-10-09 1956-01-10 Air Prod Inc Air fractionating cycle and apparatus
US2729954A (en) * 1951-08-01 1956-01-10 Air Liquide Separation of gaseous mixtures
US2802349A (en) * 1951-08-25 1957-08-13 Kellogg M W Co Removing impurities from a gas liquefaction system with aid of extraneous gas stream
US2753698A (en) * 1952-03-05 1956-07-10 Linde Eismasch Ag Method and apparatus for fractionating air and power production
US2875587A (en) * 1953-07-09 1959-03-03 Philips Corp Gas-fractionating system
US2932174A (en) * 1954-08-19 1960-04-12 Air Prod Inc Apparatus and method for fractionation of gas
US2850880A (en) * 1955-01-05 1958-09-09 Linde Eismasch Ag Process and an apparatus for the separation of compressed air
US2959021A (en) * 1956-09-25 1960-11-08 L Air Liquide Sa Pour L Etudes Process for air separation by liquefaction and rectification
US2955434A (en) * 1956-10-15 1960-10-11 Air Prod Inc Method and apparatus for fractionating gaseous mixtures
US2824428A (en) * 1957-03-19 1958-02-25 Union Carbide Corp Process and apparatus for separating air
FR1215438A (fr) * 1957-12-11 1960-04-19 Lindes Eismaschinen Ag Procédé et appareillage pour la purification continue des gaz dans des échangeurs de chaleur à accumulation par congélation et vaporisation
US2982107A (en) * 1957-12-16 1961-05-02 Air Reduction Separation of the elements of air

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3358462A (en) * 1964-10-05 1967-12-19 Jan H Minkhorst Heat exchange of bypass air feed with liquid product
US5557924A (en) * 1994-09-20 1996-09-24 Vacuum Barrier Corporation Controlled delivery of filtered cryogenic liquid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1171449B (de) 1964-06-04
NL270584A (en))
FR1304535A (fr) 1962-09-21
GB998914A (en) 1965-07-21

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