US3229445A - Method and apparatus for continuously degassing a liquid - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for continuously degassing a liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
US3229445A
US3229445A US118571A US11857161A US3229445A US 3229445 A US3229445 A US 3229445A US 118571 A US118571 A US 118571A US 11857161 A US11857161 A US 11857161A US 3229445 A US3229445 A US 3229445A
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Prior art keywords
liquid
reservoir
cylinder
circuit
relay
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Expired - Lifetime
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US118571A
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English (en)
Inventor
August L Kraft
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Automatic Process Control Inc
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Automatic Process Control Inc
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Priority to DENDAT1302684D priority Critical patent/DE1302684B/de
Application filed by Automatic Process Control Inc filed Critical Automatic Process Control Inc
Priority to US118571A priority patent/US3229445A/en
Priority to GB2380?/62A priority patent/GB1019083A/en
Priority to FR901531A priority patent/FR1325579A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3229445A publication Critical patent/US3229445A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0063—Regulation, control including valves and floats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0021—Degasification of liquids by bringing the liquid in a thin layer
    • B01D19/0026—Degasification of liquids by bringing the liquid in a thin layer in rotating vessels or in vessels containing movable parts

Definitions

  • This invention relates to continuously operating apparatus and method for providing a flow of degassed liquid to produce coatings free from voids caused by entrapped gases. Dissolved or entrapped gases and other volatile materials are rapidly removed from the liquid by means of vacuum and heat.
  • the utilization flow of the liquid may be either contiuous or intermittent.
  • the equipment will handle a broad range of liquid or hot melt materials which are used in the production of various types of castings, encapsulations, coatings, etc. Such materials may include epoxies, urethanes, polyesters, vinyl plastics, petroleum and coal tars, waxes, etc.
  • a major feature of the invention resides the provision of means to create a thin film of liquid of substantially uniform thickness, to produce motion of said film while subjecting it to heat and vacuum to remove gases therefrom, to propel said degassed liquid to a utilization station on demand, and to maintain said film in motion regardless of whether or not there is demand by the utilization station.
  • a feature of the invention is the use of both rough and film degassing stages.
  • the heated material is caused to flow over the top edge of a cylinder to produce a uniformly thin film which may be subjected 'to vacuum to remove gases.
  • a further feature of the invention resides in the provision of a heating element of large surface area continuously immersed in the moving liquid.
  • thermo-resistive properties in the form of a conductor also continuously immersed in the liquid.
  • the material may be continuously recirculated while being kept heated and at a fixed reserve level on occasions when there is no output demand from the utilization equipment.
  • Additional features include adjustable rates of flow, both into and out of the device, immersible probes to sense liquid levels at a plurality of locations, and electrical circuits to control the progressive and cyclic operation of the machine.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing control circuits in their relation to various electrical components of the machine.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the heat-sensing circuit in detail.
  • a base member 1 is supported by the legs of a tripod which is adjustably secured to a plate 2. Two of the legs of the tripod are shown at 33, and are adjust-ably mounted by means of threaded sections so that a level mounting of the device may be achieved readily.
  • a heavy glass cylinder 4 is hermetically sealed to base member 1 in any convenient manner, a suitable method of completing this seal being the use of clamped 0 rings.
  • the large outer glass cylinder supports a cap member -5 which is also hermetically sealed to the glass cylinder.
  • An air motor 6 is mounted on cap 5 by way of tubular throat 7 and is sealed against air leaks to the interior of cylinder 4.
  • Air motor 6 is provided with a long shaft 8 which extends downward to an aperture in the base member in which a pump impeller 9 is rotatably mounted to urge the contents of the degasser into a utilization tube 10.
  • An aluminum inner cylinder 11 is mounted on a cylindrical extension of base member 1 and is secured to said member and sealed therefrom in any convenient manner.
  • a series of notched vanes 12 are circumferentially mounted on aluminum cylinder 11. These vanes are preferably composed of a suitable plastic and may be secured to the aluminum cylinder by means of pins 13 which lie in short slots in cylinder 11 to permit differential thermal expansion between the cylinder and the vane 12. As may be seen by inspection of the sectionalized portion of cylinder 11, the notches in vanes 12 are alternately wide and narrow in extent. The notches appear at progressively higher positions in the vanes so that conductors inserted therein will assume the form of a helix.
  • a flat strip 15 is helically wound about the vanes 12 and is supported by the wider notches in vanes 12. This helical strip provides a heating element of very large surface area.
  • a sensing wire 18 is helically wound and supported by the narrow notches in vanes 12.
  • the sensing wire forms one element of a temperature control circuit, the operation of which will be more fully described hereinafter. Connections to conductor 18 may be made by means of lead-in conductors 19 and 20.
  • a heater conventionally indicated at 21 is provided 'to heat base 1.
  • An inlet valve indicated generally at 22 permits flow of material to be degassed from a reservoir 24 via tube 25 to passages 26 and 27 which have been bored in base member 1. Passage 27 permits discharge into the annular space between outer glass cylinder 4 and inner aluminum cylinder 11.
  • a diaphragm 23 may be forced into closed position under manual control by threaded member 28, but when the machine is in automatic operation member 28 is 'backed out to free the diaphragm for control via tube 29 which extends to the three-way valve which will either apply air pressure to the diaphragm via tube 30 or vacuum suction by way of tube 31.
  • Three-way valve 32 maybe operated into its alternate positions under the control of solenoid 33 which, when energized, applies suction to the back of diaphragm 23 to open valve 22 to permit flow of material into the degasser. With solenoid 33 deenergized, valve 32 is moved to its alternate position, in which position atmospheric pressure via tube 30 permits diaphragm 23 to close valve 22.
  • Tube 31 extends to a vacuum pump not shown.
  • Vacuum may be applied to the interior of the device by way of a tube 34 which branches from tube 31 extending to the vacuum pump. Connection from the 3 interior of the degasser is via throat 7 previously described.
  • a bored passage 35 extends to another diaphragm control valve indicated generally at 36.
  • a resilient diaphragm 37 is forced to the left, as seen in the drawing, when pressure is built up in tube 35, which will occur when there is no demand at the utilization station. In this situation recirculation of the material takes place via bored out passages 38 and 39.
  • passage 39 opens into the annular space between glass cylinder 4 and inner cylinder 11.
  • a source of air under pressure is connected to tube 40 and extends to a valve 41 which is branched to apply air pressure to both air motor 6 and the back of diaphragm 37 via a relief valve 42 and tube 43.
  • Valve 41 may be adjusted to regulate the speed of air motor 6, and relief valve 42 may be adjusted to create pressure to a desired extent on the back of diaphragm 37.
  • Cap member also supports liquid level sensing probes 44 and 45 and conductors 46 and 47 extending thereto. It should be noted that probe 45 is physically situated directly over the intake supply line via bore 27. The functions of probes 44 and 45 will be made evident in the course of describing the operation of the machine.
  • Closure of master switch 50 connects a source of 115 volt alternating current to bus conductors 51 and 52.
  • a red lamp 53 provides information as to the closure of the master switch.
  • base heater 21 is energized via switch 50 and conductors 51, 54 and 52.
  • the helical heater strip 15 may be energized by momentary closure of manual switch 56.
  • Temperature control 62 supplies energy to its associated relay 65 whenever the temperature of the liquid falls below a selected value.
  • the temperature control circuit responds to variations in the resistance of sensing wire 18. The operation of the temperature control circuit will be described hereinafter.
  • the temperature control circuit will be in a condition to indicate that heat should be supplied to the liquid.
  • relay 65 cannot operate because its normal circuit is open at the outer contact of relay 66.
  • the manual closure of switch 56 will energize relay 65 and close an obvious circuit for heater 15.
  • a yellow lamp 67 is connected in parallel with heater 15 to indicate to the operator that the heater is energized.
  • Switch 56 should be closed for short intervals only until the helical heater strip is completely immersed. After this occurs, continued closure of switch 56 is safe because over-heating of the material will be prevented when the control circuit 62 recognizes that the desired temperature has been reached.
  • probe 45 signals primary control circuit 60, which supplies energizing potential to relay 63 by way of the lower arm and contact of FILL switch 55.
  • Relay 63 upon energization, completes a locking circuit for itself by way of its right hand armature. Relay 63 is continuously energized so long as probe 45 is immersed in liquid.
  • a start key 68 is momentarily depressed and switch 55 is released.
  • the momentary closure of switch 68 completes an obvious circuit for primary control relay 69 by way of conductor 54 and switches 68 and 50.
  • relay 69 completes a locking circuit for itself by way of stop switch 70.
  • the locking circuit of relay 69 also provides a continuing circuit for red signal lamp 72 which was originally lighted upon depression of start key 68.
  • Relay 66 energizes and at its outer armature establishes a circuit whereby relay 65 is placed under control .of temperature control 62. It will be recalled that switch 56 was opened as soon as the liquid began to flow into the interior of cylinder 11.
  • relay 66 completes a circuit for amber lamp 73 which lights to indicate to the operator that the device is under automatic operating condition.
  • the air motor may be started under control of valve 41.
  • the output line should now be opened and the motor speed regulated so that the pump is driven slowly, but fast enough to move material out of the degasser against internal vacuum.
  • Control valve 22 is now adjusted by means of thumb screw 28 to a position such that material enters the degasser at a rate faster than the pump is pushing it out.
  • probe 44 is immersed in the material and signals control circuit 61, whereupon relay 64 is energized to open the circuit of solenoid 33, which, upon deenergization, closes the input valve.
  • the energization of relay 64 completes a circuit for amber lamp 75 to notify the attendant that the material within the cylinder has attained a desired level.
  • relay 63 also deenergizes relay 66 which extinguishes both amber lamps and at its outer armature opens the circuit of temperature control relay so that no heat can be automatically applied to the liquid until a new tank supply has been established.
  • This unit is basically a bridge circuit, the sensing wire 18 constituting one arm of the bridge.
  • the output of the bridge when unbalanced is fed to an amplifying circuit to provide rectified current to control the operation of relay 65.
  • sensing wire Inasmuch as the sensing wire is immersed throughout its length in the liquid and is in close proximity throughout its length to the heating element, it is obviously in a position to provide temperature control within very narrow limits. A problem arises, however, due to the close inductive coupling between the turns of the sensing wire and the turns of the heater strip. Alternating currents induced in the heater strip will tend to produce considerably greater unbalance of the bridge than the changes produced by variations in the electrical resistance of sensing wire 18, due to changing temperatures. It is the function of the circuit of FIG. 4 to neutralize the effect of such currents.
  • Transformer primary 59 supplies energy to winding 78 which forms the secondary transformer winding.
  • a center tap on winding 78 is connected to ground.
  • the divided secondary provides two arms of an alternating current bridge.
  • a third arm includes a variable resistor 79 and a fixed resistor 89. With the bridge in balance no potential would normally exist between the junction of sensing wire 18 and resistor 80 and the grounded midpoint of winding 78.
  • Relay 65 which as has been previously described supplies switching for the heater strip, is connected across the output of winding 78 in series with an amplifier controlled rectifying transistor 84.
  • Zener diode 82 supplies a constant voltage swing of six volts and thus supplies a constant current to the base of transistor 81. Since the collector of transistor 81 is a constant current source if the base current input is constant, the result of this circuit configuration is to stabilize the circuit for large line voltage variations.
  • a diode 85 is used to supply transistor 81 with half-wave rectified direct currentwhich is negative with respect to ground. This circuit includes a resistor 91. This half-wave rectified voltage is in phase with the positive-going alternating current on the electrodes of transistor 84 to which it is supplied via resistors 88 and 92.
  • a diode 86 prevents any negative-going pulses from being applied to transistor 84 during the time it is in conducting condition.
  • a diode 87 prevents large positive excursions between the base and emitter of transistor 81.
  • a liquid degassing system including a liquid inlet means, means associated with said liquid inlet means for forming a uniform moving liquid film, means to apply heat to said liquid film and means to subject the said liquid film to vacuum whereby said liquid is degassed, a reservoir positioned to receive said degassed liquid film, means to maintain a desired liquid level in said reservoir by automatic control of said liquid inlet means, means to continuously withdraw liquid from said reservoir, means for delivery of any portion of said withdrawn liquid on demand to a utilization station and means to recycle to said liquid inlet means liquid which is withdrawn from said reservoir but not delivered to said utilization station.
  • a vertical cylindrical column a hollow cylinder nested within said column with its top edge substantially horizontal, liquid inlet means for introducing liquid to the annular space between the column and the cylinder enclosed thereby, means to apply heat to said cylinder and means to subject the interior of said cylinder to vacuum, a closure for the bottom of said cylinder whereby a reservoir for said liquid is formed in the lower portion thereof, means to control the level of liquid in said reservoir by automatic control of said liquid inlet means, a pump to continuously withdraw liquid from said reservoir, means for delivery of any portion of said withdrawn liquid to a utilization station on demand, means to recycle to said annular space liquid which is withdrawn from said reservoir but not delivered to said utilization station.
  • a vertical cylindrical column a hollow cylinder nested within said column and having a substantially horizontal top edge, liquid inlet means for intnoducing liquid to the annular space between the column and the cylinder enclosed thereby, a thermostatically controlled heater disposed about said cylinder, means to apply vacuum to the interior of said cylinder, a closure for the bottom of said cylinder whereby a reservoir for said liquid is formed in the lower portion thereof, means to control the level of liquid in said reservoir by automatic control of said liquid inlet means, a pump to continuously withdraw liquid from said reservoir, means for delivery of any portion of said withdrawn liquid on demand to a utilization station and means to recycle liquid withdrawn from said reservoir but not delivered to said utilization station.
  • a base member a vertical cylindrical column supported thereby, a hollow cylinder nested within said column and also supported by said base member with the upper edge of said cylinder horizontal, liquid inlet means for introducing liquid to the annular space between the column and the cylinder enclosed thereby, means to apply vacuum to the interior of said cylinder, :1 thermo statically controlled heater disposed about said cylinder, a closure for the bottom of said cylinder whereby a reservoir for said liquid is formed in the lower portion thereof, means to control the level of liquid in said reservoir by automatic control of said liquid inlet means, a pump to constantly withdraw liquid from said reservoir, means for delivering the output from said pump on demand to a utilization station, means for recycling through said annular space liquid withdrawn from said reservoir but not delivered to said utilization station, an auxiliary-heater associated with said base and means to apply electrical energy to said auxiliary-heater.
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said means for recycling liquid which is withdrawn from said reservoir but not delivered to said utilization station includes a relief valve and liquid conduit means.
  • thermostatically controlled electrical heater includes vanes mounted longitudinally on the exterior wall of said cylinder, a heating element of large surface area in the form of a helical strip supported by said vanes and temperature sensitive means for controlling operation of said heating element.
  • said temperature sensitive means includes a helical sensing wire supported by said vanes progressively interposed between the convolutions of the heating element and means responsive to variations in the resistivity of said sensing wire with changes in temperature for controlling operation of said heating element.
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 which further in cludes a protective circuit operative to generate a signal when the supply of liquid to said annular space is exhausted.
  • a liquid degassing apparatus which includes:
  • A A first hollow column having first and second ends;
  • a second hollow column having first and second ends and fixedly located within said first column, said first and said second columns defining a space therebetween; said first end of said first column and said first end of said second column being adjacent;
  • Base means enclosing each said first end of said first and second columns;
  • (D) Means enclosing said second end of said first column, said second end of said second column being open with its edge lying in a plane transverse to its axis, said plane intersecting said first column intermediate its first and second ends;
  • Liquid pumping means having an inlet and an outlet
  • Outlet conduit means interconnecting said first end of said second column with the inlet of said liquid pumping means whereby liquid can be continuously withdrawn from said first end of said second column;
  • Recirculation conduit means interconnecting the outlet of said liquid pumping means with the space defined between said first and second columns whereby liquid withdrawn from said first end of said second column but not delivered to said utilization station is recycled to said space;
  • (L) Means for controlling the level of liquid in said second column by controlling the flow of liquid through said inlet conduit means.
  • the method of continuously degassing a liquid which includes providing a controlled inlet flow of said liquid heating said liquid, forming a uniform moving film of said liquid, subjecting said moving film to vacuum to degas said liquid, collecting degassed liquid from said moving film in a reservoir, continuously withdrawing degassed liquid from said reservoir, delivering any portion of said degassed liquid to a utilization station on demand, recycling degassed liquid which is withdrawn from said reservoir but not delivered to said utilization station and combining said recycled liquid with said inlet liquid flow prior to forming said uniform moving film of said liquid and adding further inlet liquid as required to maintain a constant volume of degassed liquid in said reservoir.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
US118571A 1961-06-21 1961-06-21 Method and apparatus for continuously degassing a liquid Expired - Lifetime US3229445A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DENDAT1302684D DE1302684B (un) 1961-06-21
US118571A US3229445A (en) 1961-06-21 1961-06-21 Method and apparatus for continuously degassing a liquid
GB2380?/62A GB1019083A (en) 1961-06-21 1962-06-20 Improvements in continuously operating degassing equipment
FR901531A FR1325579A (fr) 1961-06-21 1962-06-21 Procédé et appareil pour dégazer les liquides

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US118571A US3229445A (en) 1961-06-21 1961-06-21 Method and apparatus for continuously degassing a liquid

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Cited By (29)

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US3521789A (en) * 1968-02-20 1970-07-28 Automatic Process Control Inc Handling fluid materials
US3621892A (en) * 1969-09-04 1971-11-23 Thomas J Gillespie Resin vacuum degassing and dispensing system and method
US4051212A (en) * 1974-09-04 1977-09-27 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the continuous degradation of plastics
US4072738A (en) * 1971-11-15 1978-02-07 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Method of forming shaped articles
US4197268A (en) * 1977-12-27 1980-04-08 Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau Gmbh Method of and an apparatus for monitoring the digassing opening on a single or twin screw extruder for processing plastics material
US4343630A (en) * 1978-05-09 1982-08-10 Spikeville Limited Liquid de-gassing unit
US4345920A (en) * 1976-05-17 1982-08-24 Borg-Warner Corporation Vacuum deaerator
US4348248A (en) * 1979-10-02 1982-09-07 Pierre Poncet Preparation of de-gassed complex products formed of fibres impregnated with a plastic material
US4609509A (en) * 1982-03-16 1986-09-02 Societa' Cavi Pirelli S.P.A. Process and apparatus for vulcanizing the insulation of an electric cable
US4816044A (en) * 1987-03-05 1989-03-28 Riwoplan Medizin-Technische Einrichtungsgesellschaft Apparatus for the degasification of flushing water
US4908086A (en) * 1985-06-24 1990-03-13 National Semiconductor Corporation Low-cost semiconductor device package process
US5534047A (en) * 1992-08-12 1996-07-09 Gisko; Jerry A. Vertical continuous polymer concrete degassing apparatus and method
US5810037A (en) * 1994-07-22 1998-09-22 Daido Metal Company Ltd. Ultrasonic treatment apparatus
US20090084718A1 (en) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-02 Baxter International Inc. Dialysis systems having air traps with internal structures to enhance air removal
US20090084719A1 (en) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-02 Baxter International Inc. Dialysis systems having air separation chambers with internal structures to enhance air removal
US20090088675A1 (en) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-02 Baxter International Inc. Fluid and air handling in blood and dialysis circuits
US20090084721A1 (en) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-02 Baxter International Inc. Dialysis systems having air separation chambers with internal structures to enhance air removal
US20090101576A1 (en) * 2007-10-22 2009-04-23 Baxter International Inc. Priming and air removal systems and methods for dialysis
US20100107878A1 (en) * 2008-10-30 2010-05-06 Crowder Robert O Venting and Filtration Systems with Gas Permeable Membrane
US8114276B2 (en) 2007-10-24 2012-02-14 Baxter International Inc. Personal hemodialysis system
US8382711B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2013-02-26 Baxter International Inc. Intravenous pumping air management systems and methods
US20140338983A1 (en) * 2013-05-20 2014-11-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Air-driven degasser assembly
US9486590B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2016-11-08 Fenwal, Inc. Automatic purging of air from a fluid processing system
US10179200B2 (en) 2002-07-19 2019-01-15 Baxter International Inc. Disposable cassette and system for dialysis
US10625009B2 (en) 2016-02-17 2020-04-21 Baxter International Inc. Airtrap, system and method for removing microbubbles from a fluid stream
US10646634B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2020-05-12 Baxter International Inc. Dialysis system and disposable set
US11495334B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2022-11-08 Gambro Lundia Ab Medical device system and method having a distributed database
US11516183B2 (en) 2016-12-21 2022-11-29 Gambro Lundia Ab Medical device system including information technology infrastructure having secure cluster domain supporting external domain
US12017158B2 (en) 2021-05-03 2024-06-25 Kazadi Enterprises Ltd. Low energy liquid degasification devices and methods

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CH680050A5 (un) * 1989-08-24 1992-06-15 Micafil Ag

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US2966584A (en) * 1957-05-13 1960-12-27 Martin Co Receiving systems
US3007919A (en) * 1959-10-05 1961-11-07 American Viscose Corp Continuous viscose degasification
US3043480A (en) * 1960-03-25 1962-07-10 Gewerkschaft Schalker Feed mechanism for liquefiable comminuted material
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US2735840A (en) * 1956-02-21 Vacuum pump
US664763A (en) * 1899-08-10 1900-12-25 George M Kleucker Method of deaerating water.
US1734515A (en) * 1923-11-19 1929-11-05 William S Elliott Method and apparatus for degasifying liquids
US1747193A (en) * 1927-11-30 1930-02-18 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Heating system
DE544058C (de) * 1928-11-11 1932-02-13 C Aug Schmidt Soehne Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur stufenweisen Entgasung und gasgeschuetzten Speicherungvon Speisewasser
US2036417A (en) * 1932-12-08 1936-04-07 Wilbur G Laird Method of making fin radiators
US1967799A (en) * 1933-07-01 1934-07-24 Rudolph W Wittemann Carbonating apparatus
US2111957A (en) * 1935-08-13 1938-03-22 Sun Oil Co Method for depropanizing waxpropane mixtures
US2140607A (en) * 1935-10-19 1938-12-20 American Metal Co Ltd Method of and apparatus for casting deoxidized copper
US2721888A (en) * 1952-06-02 1955-10-25 Wulff Process Company Process for removing undesired tars from a cracked gas
US2755506A (en) * 1952-08-20 1956-07-24 Celanese Corp Band spinning
US2774441A (en) * 1953-02-09 1956-12-18 American Enka Corp Process and apparatus for the degassing of viscose
US2703699A (en) * 1953-11-25 1955-03-08 United Aircraft Prod Reservoir containing means for heating congealable liquids
DE956584C (de) * 1955-09-24 1957-01-24 Minimax Ag Entspannung und UEberfuehrung von Fluessiggasen, insbesondere Kohlensaeure, aus dem fluessigen in den gasfoermigen Zustand
US2966584A (en) * 1957-05-13 1960-12-27 Martin Co Receiving systems
US2946488A (en) * 1957-12-26 1960-07-26 August L Kraft Metering and dispensing systems
US2943841A (en) * 1958-05-06 1960-07-05 United Aircraft Prod Storage tank for liquid circulating system
US3007919A (en) * 1959-10-05 1961-11-07 American Viscose Corp Continuous viscose degasification
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US3044236A (en) * 1960-07-21 1962-07-17 Phillips Petroleum Co System for removal of gases from liquids

Cited By (65)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3521789A (en) * 1968-02-20 1970-07-28 Automatic Process Control Inc Handling fluid materials
US3621892A (en) * 1969-09-04 1971-11-23 Thomas J Gillespie Resin vacuum degassing and dispensing system and method
US4072738A (en) * 1971-11-15 1978-02-07 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Method of forming shaped articles
US4051212A (en) * 1974-09-04 1977-09-27 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the continuous degradation of plastics
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GB1019083A (en) 1966-02-02

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