US3227009A - Spinnerettes - Google Patents

Spinnerettes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3227009A
US3227009A US415219A US41521964A US3227009A US 3227009 A US3227009 A US 3227009A US 415219 A US415219 A US 415219A US 41521964 A US41521964 A US 41521964A US 3227009 A US3227009 A US 3227009A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
jet
spinnerette
angle
depression
meeting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US415219A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr John Albert Manning
Bishop Clarence Edward
Kight Vernon Glenn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Celanese Corp
Original Assignee
Celanese Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE634685D priority Critical patent/BE634685A/xx
Priority claimed from US72999A external-priority patent/US3210451A/en
Priority to GB41758/61A priority patent/GB1006830A/en
Priority to DE19611435393 priority patent/DE1435393A1/de
Priority to FR880726A priority patent/FR1307243A/fr
Application filed by Celanese Corp filed Critical Celanese Corp
Priority to US415219A priority patent/US3227009A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3227009A publication Critical patent/US3227009A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
    • D01D4/022—Processes or materials for the preparation of spinnerettes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel jets or spinnerettes for the spinning of synthetic filaments.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide novel jets and processes for the extrusion of particular solutions through said jets to achieve improved results.
  • the orifice adjacent the outlet side of the spinnerette is cylindrical, i.e., generated by a line parallel to the axis, advantageously for a distance raging from about 0.25 to 5 and preferably from about 0.5 to 1.5 times the diameter of the outlet, and if the cylindrical portion merges smoothly with a section divergent towards the inlet and meeting the cylindrical portion at a small angle, advantageously less than about 60 and preferably less than'about 35.
  • the meeting angle is twice the angle between the orifice axis and a tangent to the divergent section at a location spaced interiorly of the interior end of the cylindrical portion of a distance equal to 100% of the diameter of the cylindrical portion.
  • the jet thickness is significantly greater than specified it becomes exceedingly difficult to produce the orifices since the punching or drilling bits are so small that they break easily; since a jet for spinning even a very light weight, i.e. low denier, yarn contains dozens of orifices it will be appreciated that a jet production operation which results in frequent breakage will be quite costly. If the orifice is not cylindrical adjacent the outlet side of the spinnerette, it will then be essential that a tapered drill, for example, penetrate the face of the jet by an exact distance since variations in the extent of penetration will result in variations in the hole diameters; by
  • utilizing a cylindrical outlet greater latitude in manufacture is permitted since the exact depth to which the non-cylindrical element enters the metal of the jet is not critical because the size and shape of the orifice is the same all along the cylindrical portion. This, of course, applies whether the cylindrical portion has a circular cross-section, i.e. a right circular cylinder, a triangular cross-section, a square cross-section, etc.
  • the properties of the resulting cellulose triacetate filaments will be affected adversely, i.e. the tenacity and elongation will be lower. Even when spinning low denier fibers the linear speed of extrusion can exceed about 450 and often 550 meters per minute.
  • the novel jet permits the spinning speed to be increased at least 25% and usually in excess of 50% as contrasted with jets hav ing meeting angles greater than about 65%; the capacity of the equipment is thus increased with obvious ad vantage. Equally important, both wear and corrosion of the jet are reduced, the life of a jet being multiplied several times.
  • cellulose triacetate has reference to cellulose acetate having fewer than about 0.29 and preferably fewer than about 0.12 free hydroxyl group per anhydroglucose unit of the cellulose molecule, i.e. an acetyl value calculated as combined acetic acid by weight of at least about 59% and preferably at least about 61%.
  • its intrinsic viscosity ranges from about 1.5 to 2.5 and is preferably about 2 and it is present in a dope to a concentration ranging from about 20 to 25%.
  • the dope solvent may comprise other halogenated lower alkanes such as ethylene dichloride or propylene chloride.
  • the dope solvent comprises a lower alkanol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc.
  • the preferred dope solvent is methylene this effect in most surprising since in spinning acetone chloride-methanol in the proportions of -10 by weight.
  • the shape of the divergent section no longer has such a marked effect on yarn properties, spinning speed and jet life.
  • the section of small meeting angle is preferably spaced from the jet inlet face by a section of larger meeting angle which can be produced with less breakage.
  • the sequence in which the sections are formed in the metal is from largest diameter to smallest diameter. In this manner the most pointed, weakest tools need operate upon a minimum thickness of metal.
  • a conical punch of wide angle e.g. about 30 to and preferably about 50 to 60, is pressed into the metal.
  • each depression serves as a seat to ensure proper positioning of the tool for producing the next depression.
  • This technique is applicable even for orifices with relatively wide meeting angles; advantageously the difference between the meeting angles of successive sections is at least about 20 although close spacing of holes may sometimes render it impractical to observe this preference.
  • two or more of these steps may be performed simultaneously by employing a suitably profiled tool, e.g. a tool having a frustoconical portion surmounted by a smaller angle conical portion and/or a cylindrical portion.
  • a suitably profiled tool e.g. a tool having a frustoconical portion surmounted by a smaller angle conical portion and/or a cylindrical portion.
  • a curved portion having, for example, a hyperbolic or parabolic profile.
  • This curved portion could also be surmounted by a cylindrical portion, if desired. It will be appreciated that where two or more portions are included on a single tool, the leading portion necessarily will have to penetrate a greater thickness of metal than when individual tools are employed with the tools applied in sequence starting with the widest.
  • the jet life is increased if the customary plating step is omitted. Omission of the plating step obviously also effects a considerable saving in the cost of manufacturing jets.
  • the jet can be made of any of the usual materials, conventional stainless steels such as 304 and particularly 316 being especially satisfactory.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a spinnerette in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are sectional views showing the sequence in forming the orifices in the spinnerette of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are sectional views showing how to de termine the meeting angle for countersinks which are not conical.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a dry spinning operation.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a spinnerette or jet 11 comprising a stainless steel cup 12 provided with orifices or apertures 13.
  • the apertures are formed by punching or drilling a conical countersink 14 to the desired depth in the metal of cup 12 (FIG. 3).
  • a second more pointed countersink 15 is formed (FIG. 4).
  • a cylindrical portion 16 is punched through to the outlet face of the jet 11 (FIG. 5) to produce the orifice 13; the cylindrical portion can also be formed by broaching.
  • countersink 15 in FIG. 4 could extend all the way through the face of the jet 11; the lowermost portion thereof would be eliminated when forming the cylindrical portion 16.
  • the demarcation between countersinks 14 and 15 will generally be spaced from the inlet face of the jet by a distance ranging about 50 to 90% and preferably about 70 to 85% of the jet thickness; since the apex will be cut away, the depth of countersink 14 in FIG. 3 will be somewhat greater than these ranges, eg about 60 to 100% and preferably about 75 to 95% of the metal thickness.
  • the height of section 15 in FIG. 5 generally ranges from about 5 to 30% and preferably from about to 20% of the jet thickness; its exact height will be somewhat dependent on the diameter of portion 16, generally being at least 0.5 and preferably about 2 to 4 times the diameter of portion 16.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show how the meeting angles are measured for non-conical countersinks, whether hyperbolic (FIG. 6) or parabolic (FIG. 7).
  • the elevation A at which the orifice ceases to be cylindrical is marked.
  • the width of the orifice at elevation A is determined and 100% of this width is marked above A as plane B perpendicular to the axis of the orifice. Tangents are drawn at the two points where B intersects the outline of the orifice and the meeting angle a is the angle between these tangents.
  • FIG. 8 there is shown a dry spinning cabinet 17 to which dope is supplied through a pipe 18, being extruded through spinerette 11 of FIG. 5 with no intervening plating of the spinnerette.
  • Hot air is admitted to the cabinet 17 at 19 and is exhausted at 20 along with vapors of the dope solvent.
  • the filaments 21 leaving spinnerette 11 pass about a guide 22 and leave the cabinet at 23 being pulled as a yarn 24 by draw rolls 25.
  • the yarn 24 passes through a guide 26 and is twisted and taken up on a bobbin 27 by a conventional collector such as ring spinner 28.
  • Example A 22% solution of cellulose triacetate, acetyl value 61% and intrinsic viscosity of 2 in 91-9 methylene chloride-methanol is extruded through a 316 stainless steel spinnerette having 15 orifices as shown in FIG. 5.
  • Cup 12 is 790 microns thick
  • frustoconical countersink 14 has an angle of 65 and extends into the metal a distance of 680 microns
  • frustoconical countersink 15 has an angle of 33 and is microns high
  • cylindrical portion 16 has a diameter of 36 microns and a height of 25 microns.
  • the resulting filaments pass through air at 74 C., are withdrawn from the cabinet at a linear speed of 550 meters per minute and are taken up on a bobbin.
  • the novel yarn has a 5% greater tenacity and a 10% greater elongation; if yarn is spun at about 300 meters per minute with the novel jet, the physical properties are further improved.
  • the life of the jet is increased several thousand percent. Similar results are achieved with variations in the shape of countersink 14 but the orifices are more difiicult to produce.
  • said cylindrical opening having an area of less than about 0.02 mm. and a height ranging from about 0.25 to 5 times its diameter.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US415219A 1960-12-01 1964-11-05 Spinnerettes Expired - Lifetime US3227009A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE634685D BE634685A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1960-12-01
GB41758/61A GB1006830A (en) 1960-12-01 1961-11-22 Spinnerets for artificial filament manufacture
DE19611435393 DE1435393A1 (de) 1960-12-01 1961-11-30 Spinnduese
FR880726A FR1307243A (fr) 1960-12-01 1961-12-01 Production de filaments synthétiques
US415219A US3227009A (en) 1960-12-01 1964-11-05 Spinnerettes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US72999A US3210451A (en) 1960-12-01 1960-12-01 Spinnerettes
US415219A US3227009A (en) 1960-12-01 1964-11-05 Spinnerettes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3227009A true US3227009A (en) 1966-01-04

Family

ID=26753998

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US415219A Expired - Lifetime US3227009A (en) 1960-12-01 1964-11-05 Spinnerettes

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3227009A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE634685A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE1435393A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1006830A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3362265A (en) * 1966-04-28 1968-01-09 Du Pont Method of making spinnerettes
US20080003430A1 (en) * 2006-06-28 2008-01-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Particulate-loaded polymer fibers and extrusion methods

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4017594A1 (de) * 1990-05-31 1991-12-12 Wagner Int Flachstrahlduese
CN114457431A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2022-05-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种高纺速干喷湿纺制备聚丙烯腈基碳纤维原丝方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3362265A (en) * 1966-04-28 1968-01-09 Du Pont Method of making spinnerettes
US20080003430A1 (en) * 2006-06-28 2008-01-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Particulate-loaded polymer fibers and extrusion methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1006830A (en) 1965-10-06
BE634685A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE1435393A1 (de) 1969-01-23

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