US3225244A - Sodium-vapour discharge lamp - Google Patents

Sodium-vapour discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
US3225244A
US3225244A US81121A US8112161A US3225244A US 3225244 A US3225244 A US 3225244A US 81121 A US81121 A US 81121A US 8112161 A US8112161 A US 8112161A US 3225244 A US3225244 A US 3225244A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sodium
discharge
tube
rare gas
gradient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US81121A
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English (en)
Inventor
Martinus Henricus Adrianu Weij
Spiessens Raymond Francois
Grouw Coenraad Maria La
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3225244A publication Critical patent/US3225244A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
    • H01J61/22—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent vapour of an alkali metal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H01J61/302—Vessels; Containers characterised by the material of the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/70—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr
    • H01J61/74—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr having a main light-emitting filling of difficult vaporisable metal vapour, e.g. sodium

Definitions

  • This invention relates to sodium-vapour discharge lamps having a positive column and containing a filling of rare gas.
  • Conventional sodium-vapour discharge lamps have a rare-gas filling at a pressure of about to mms. of mercury at room temperature.
  • An object of the present invention is to solve the problem of the sodium distillation in a totally dilferent manner and more efficaciously.
  • the pressure of the rare gas at room temperature lies between 1 and 8 mms. of mercury and at the same time the gradient in the positive column lies between 0.25 and 2.5 volts/cm. Due to the decreased pressure of the rare gas, the decline in light output resulting from sodium distillation is minimised, while the shorter lifelength of the lamp resulting from the decreased pressure of the rare gas, is compensated in part or completely and may even be overcompensated due to the simultaneous decrease of gradient in the positive column of the discharge.
  • the gradient in the discharge may be influenced by suitable proportioning and design of both the discharge tube and the heat-insulating envelope.
  • Widening of the discharge tube results in a decreased gradient and improvement in the heat-insulating properties of the envelope also results in a decreased gradient.
  • the invention is based upon recognition of the fact that the decline in light output resulting from the sodium distillation effect is in the majority of cases an unstable effect having a cumulative character.
  • the gradient in the rare gas is substantially always higher than the gradient in the sodium discharge.
  • the consumption of energy per centimetre length of tube is thus higher in the rare-gas discharge than in the sodium discharge. Consequently, the temperature of portions of the tube exhibiting predominantly the rare-gas discharge is higher than the temperature of portions of the tube in which a sufficient quantity of sodium vapour is present and in which hence a predominant sodium discharge takes place. This phenomenon gives rise to an avalanchelike extension of the tube portions poor in sodium, resulting in the light 7 output of the lamp being alfected very detn'mentally.
  • the rare-gas discharge may be given a character such that, although the gradient in the rare-gas discharge exceeds the gradient in the sodium discharge, the consumption of energy per cm. length of the tube is lower in the rare-gas discharge than in the sodium discharge for lamp currents otherwise unchanged. Consequently, the temperature in the tube portions poor in sodium becomes lower than in those containing a sufficient quantity of sodium, sodium distilling automatically to the tube portions poor in sodium.
  • the gradient in the rare-gas discharge is highly dependent upon pressure. Although the gradient for conventional mixtures of rare gases, such as neon-argon and neon-xenon is always higher than the gradient in the mixture of rare gas and sodium vapour, for a certain pressure a minimum in the gradient of the rare gas can be found which is not much higher than the gradient of the rare gas-sodium vapour mixture. Since in alternating-current operation the form factor in the arc voltage of, and hence the power factor in the rare-gas discharge is about 0.80 and may be about 0.95 in the rare gas-sodium vapour discharge, the wattage consumed per cm. length of tube in the rare gas discharge may be lower in a given range of pressures than in the rare gas-sodium vapour discharge. This optimum range lies between about 1 and 8 mms. of mercury.
  • a U-shaped sodium-vapour discharge tube 1 is housed O in a double-walled exhausted cylindrical envelope 2.
  • the tube possesses activated thermionic electrodes 3 at its ends and has a length of about 80 cms. between the electrodes, as measured along the axis of the tube.
  • the tube contains about 500 mgs. of sodium metal and a filling of neon gas at a pressure of about 6 mms. of mercury at room temperature to which about 1% by volume of argon has been added.
  • the tube which, in normal operation, consumes about 130 watts for a tube current of about 0.9 amp has a tube voltage of about 155 volts, a voltage drop across the thermionic electrodes of about 15 volts and hence a gradient of about 1.75 volts per cm. in the positive column, it reaches a lifelength of about 6000 working hours.
  • the pressure is required to be at least 9 mms. for the same composition of the glass and the same composition of the rare gas, in order to obtain the same lifelength. If, in this case, use is made of a filling pressure of 6 mms., the lifelength is about 2500 burning hours.
  • the lamp described in the example reaches a light output of about 103 lumen per watt at the beginning of its life and, after 4000 burning hours, the light output is still about 94 lumen per watt.
  • the sodium remains divided along the whole wall of the tube during this period of life.
  • the said values are about 97 lumen per watt and about 81 lumen per watt respectively. During the lifetime of about 4000 burning hours, a distinct displacement of the sodium along the wall of the tube takes place.
  • Ne- Xe Ne-Ar-Xe
  • Ne-Ar-Xe Ne-Ar-Xe
  • a sodium vapor discharge device adapted to operate with a positive column discharge comprising an envelope, a pair of electrodes within said envelope and a mixture of a rare gas and sodium Within the envelope for main taining a discharge between the electrodes, said rare gas having a pressure of about 1 to 8 mms. of Hg at room temperature and said envelope having dimensions and thermal characteristics whereby with a potential applied between said electrodes a positive column is produced having a voltage gradient of about 0.25 to 2.5 volts per cm.
  • a sodium vapor discharge lamp adapted to operate with a positive column discharge comprising an envelope, a pair of electrodes within said envelope, and a mixture of a rare gas and sodium within the envelope for maintaining a discharge between the electrodes, said rare gas having a pressure of about 1 to 8 mms. of Hg at room temperature and said envelope having dimensions and thermal characteristics whereby with a potential applied between the electrodes and a voltage gradient in the positive column is produced at which the ratio between the pressure of rare gas and the voltage gradient in the column is between 1 and 7 mms. of Hg per volts per cm.

Landscapes

  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
US81121A 1960-01-09 1961-01-06 Sodium-vapour discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime US3225244A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL247199 1960-01-09
NL247198 1960-01-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3225244A true US3225244A (en) 1965-12-21

Family

ID=26641710

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US81121A Expired - Lifetime US3225244A (en) 1960-01-09 1961-01-06 Sodium-vapour discharge lamp
US81122A Expired - Lifetime US3134920A (en) 1960-01-09 1961-01-06 Sodium-vapor discharge lamp with a nondiscoloring envelope

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US81122A Expired - Lifetime US3134920A (en) 1960-01-09 1961-01-06 Sodium-vapor discharge lamp with a nondiscoloring envelope

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US3225244A (cs)
CH (2) CH391892A (cs)
GB (2) GB966674A (cs)
NL (3) NL247199A (cs)
NO (1) NO115673B (cs)
OA (1) OA00811A (cs)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4490642A (en) * 1981-07-24 1984-12-25 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh High-pressure sodium discharge lamp

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7712059A (nl) * 1977-11-02 1979-05-04 Philips Nv Lagedruknatriumdampontladingslamp.
US4281274A (en) * 1979-08-01 1981-07-28 General Electric Co. Discharge lamp having vitreous shield
WO1984002068A1 (en) * 1982-11-26 1984-06-07 Arne Alvemarker Dishwasher for large articles
NL8302128A (nl) * 1983-06-15 1985-01-02 Philips Nv Lagedruknatriumdampontladingslamp.
US6502962B1 (en) 2000-10-23 2003-01-07 Fire Products Company Cover assembly for a light
CN114199831B (zh) * 2020-09-02 2023-08-04 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 在空芯光子晶体光纤中充装碱金属蒸汽与检测的装置及方法与应用

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2030390A (en) * 1929-08-30 1936-02-11 Gen Electric Glass
US2238777A (en) * 1934-08-23 1941-04-15 Gen Electric Protection of metal vapor lamp bulbs and the like for alkali metal attack

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL41670C (cs) * 1934-05-18
FR816541A (fr) * 1936-03-05 1937-08-10 Osa Participations Ind Tube électrique luminescent
US2899584A (en) * 1955-01-24 1959-08-11 Verwey

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2030390A (en) * 1929-08-30 1936-02-11 Gen Electric Glass
US2238777A (en) * 1934-08-23 1941-04-15 Gen Electric Protection of metal vapor lamp bulbs and the like for alkali metal attack

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4490642A (en) * 1981-07-24 1984-12-25 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh High-pressure sodium discharge lamp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH391892A (de) 1965-05-15
NL113383C (cs)
OA00811A (fr) 1967-11-15
NO115673B (cs) 1968-11-11
CH391893A (de) 1965-05-15
NL247199A (cs)
NL131164C (cs)
US3134920A (en) 1964-05-26
GB966674A (en) 1964-08-12
GB966675A (en) 1964-08-12

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