US3219197A - Derricks for ships - Google Patents

Derricks for ships Download PDF

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Publication number
US3219197A
US3219197A US317710A US31771063A US3219197A US 3219197 A US3219197 A US 3219197A US 317710 A US317710 A US 317710A US 31771063 A US31771063 A US 31771063A US 3219197 A US3219197 A US 3219197A
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United States
Prior art keywords
derrick
arm
mast
swinging
topping
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Expired - Lifetime
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US317710A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hallen Alf Eskil
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of US3219197A publication Critical patent/US3219197A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/60—Derricks
    • B66C23/605—Derricks employing ships' masts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/04—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of derricks, i.e. employing ships' masts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/16—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of lifts or hoists

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the known topping lift arrangement in derrick for ships, wherein two topping lifts by means of swinging arms connect the free end of the derrick to separate points of a mast or the like which points are spaced apart in the athwartship direction, said arms being articulated to the mast and having a limited ability to swing such that if the derrick is swung outwards over one side of the ship the end of the arm connected to the topping lift and located nearest the other side of the ship is disposed in an athwartship plane which is so positioned relative to the derrick attachment that the derrick can be swung again inwards over the ship merely by shortening said topping lift.
  • the two topping lifts as viewed in a horizontal plane always make an angle with each other thereby securing a stable position of the derrick in all angular positions thereof.
  • the arms are connected with the mast by means of a universal joint having abutment surfaces, which limit the swinging ability of the arms such that the arms cannot be swung below the horizontal plane through the joint nor can they be swung beyond a longitudinal plane of the ship through the joint.
  • the arcs can be subjected to considerable moments, and for this reason, they must have large dimensions which also holds true of the universal joints. Consequently, the arms are comparatively heavy, and since they are placed at a relatively high level of the mast they are likely to have a certain influence on the stability of the ship.
  • each arm is substantially characterized in that the swinging ability of each arm is limited by two movable stays, one stay being adapted to limit the swinging movement of the arm about a substantially vertical axis and the other stay being adapted to limit the swinging movement of the arm about a substantially horizontal axis, the lengths of the stays being related such that the arms are substantially horizontal and extending longitudinally of the ship when both stays are loaded.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 are a front View, a top view and a lateral elevation respectively, of a mast of Y- type provided with an arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4 and are a front view and a top view, respectively, of a modified embodiment applied to a conventional simple mast having an athwartship outrigger, and
  • FIG. 6 is a further modification suitable for heavy load.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a ships mast of Y-type. At some distance from their ends the arms 2 and 3 of the mast are connected with each other by means of a cross beam 4 the ends of which are projecting to some extent outside the mast arms.
  • Each swinging arm 5 and 6 are articulated to the cross beam 4 each swinging arm being connected to the cross beam in close proximity to a mast arm.
  • the articulations are denoted at 7.
  • Each articulation comprises a hinge member which is mounted on the cross beam 4 and turnable about a vertical axis and carries a horizontal pin for the swinging arm. The articulations are not illustrated in detail in the drawing.
  • the outer end of the arm 5 is connected to the end of the mast arm 2 and to the adjacent end of the cross beam 4, respectively.
  • the length of the arm 5 and of the stays 8, 9 are related such that both stays are stretched when the arm 5 as illustrated is h0rizontal and extends longitudinally of the ship.
  • two stays 10 and 11 are provided for the arm 6. In the position of the arm 6 illustrated in the drawing the stay 10 only is stretched.
  • a derrick 12 which in the drawing is swung outwards in a horizontal position and at right angles to the side of the ship.
  • the derrick has two topping lifts 13 and 14 which are both connected with the free end of the derrick 12.
  • the topping lift 14 in FIG. 1 is illustrated spaced apart from the end of the derrick.
  • topping lift 13 is wound onto the winch drum 15. Therefrom the to ping lift 13 passes over a leading block 18 on the mast arm 3 over a leading block 19 at the end of the arm 6 and then the topping lift extends down over a block sheave 20 at the outer end of the derrick and therefrom extends upwards to a block sheave 21 at the end of the arm 6 and down again to the end of the derrick where the other end of the topping lift 13 is fastened.
  • one end part of the topping lift 14 is wound onto the winch drum 16 and passes therefrom over a leading block 23 at the mast arm 2, a leading block 24 at the end of the arm 5, a block sheave 25 at the end of the derrick (being shown spaced apart therefrom), over a block sheave 26 at the end of the arm 5 and down again to the end of the derrick where the other end of the topping lift is fastened.
  • the derrick can be swung in a manner known per se in a horizontal plane by shortening one of the topping lifts and lengthening the other one, and the derrick can be swung in a vertical plane by shortening or lengthening both topping lifts at the same time. It will be apparent that during the swinging movement of the derrick the outer end of the derrick will move along a spherical surface, and by suitable operation of the winches 15 and 16 it is possible to have the end of the derrick follow any desired path of the spherical surface.
  • each topping lift may be further extended such that each topping lift passes from one of the winch drums to the other one.
  • the topping lifts are wound in opposite direction on one of the drums and are wound in the same directions on the other drum.
  • one of the winches is used for swinging the derrick in a horizontal plane and the other winch is used for swinging the derrick in a vertical plane.
  • This arrangement may be advantageous if hydraulic winches are used.
  • FIG. 1 there is also shown a tackle 28 for the cargohook.
  • the cargo fall 29 passes along the derrick 12 and via a leading block 30 mounted on the derrick up to a leading block 31 at the middle point of the cross beam 4 and therefrom down to a Winch 32 for the cargo fall.
  • the arm 5 In the position of the derrick 12 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 the arm 5 is kept by the stays 8 and 9 in position such that the angle between the hopping lift 14 and the derrick is great enough to permit the derrick to be swung inwards again over the ship by shortening the topping lift 14.
  • the tensile force acting on the topping lift 14 is taken by the stays 8 and 9 and the arm 5 is subjected to a compressive force.
  • the arm 6 On the other side the arm 6 is substantially in alignment with the topping lift 13 and consequently takes the essential part of the tensile force exerted by said topping lift. A minor part only is taken by the stretched stay 10 whereas the stay 11 is completely releaved.
  • the arm 6 can assume the illustrated oblique position due to the fact that the point of attachment of the stay 10 on the mast arm 3 is not located right above the articulation 7 but outside a longitudinal plane through said articulation.
  • the movements of the swinging arms and 6 are limited by the stays 8, 9 and 1t 11 respectively.
  • the stay 8 determines how far the arm 5 can be swung downwards.
  • the stay 8 limits the swinging movement of the arm 5 about a horizontal axis.
  • the stay 9 determines how far the arm 5 can be swung inwards toward the middle of the mast. Consequently the stay 9 limits the swinging movement of the arm about a vertical axis.
  • the free end of the arm 5 can be moved over a spherical surface the radius of which is equal to the length of the arm.
  • the arm is movable within a range limited by two circular arcs which intersect each other at the point represented by the position of the end of the arm shown in the drawing, said arcs being described when the arm from the position illustrated is moved downwards and outwards with stretched stay 8 and upwards with stretched stay 9, respectively.
  • each of the arms 5 and 6 it is to be noted that depending upon the position of the derrick 12 either one or the other of the stays or both stays are subjected to tensile forces, whereas the arm itself can be subjected to tensile forces or moderate compressive forces. It is consequently a matter of extraordinarily favour able load characteristics permitting a very simple and light construction of the whole system.
  • the arm 6 will always be in alignment with the topping lift 13 and both stays and 11 are releaved.
  • the arm 5 on the other hand will remain in the position illustrated to begin with, but will eventually be swung upwards with stretched stay 9 and simultaneous releave of the stay 8. During this movement the free end of the arm 5 comes closer to the athwartship plane through the derrick. If the arm 5 were able to assume a vertical position or even to pass beyond said position it would be impossible thereafter to operate the derrick by means of the topping lifts. In order to prevent the occurrence of such a situation the top ends of the mast arms are provided with abutments 33 which come into contact with the arms 5 and 6 when the derrick is topped.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 the chain-dotted lines indicate the positions of the various members when the derrick is lowered to horizontal position and extending longitudinally of the ship.
  • FIG. 3 also shows in the same manner how the arms 5, 6 bear on the abutments 33 when the derrick is maximally topped.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 there is illustrated an embodiment having a smaller extension in the athwartship direction.
  • This embodiment is shown as applied to a conventional simple mast 40 which carries an athwartship outrigger 41.
  • the outrigger carries the swinging arms 5 and 6.
  • These figures also show the two flexible stays 8 and 10 which are secured to arms 42 projecting upwards from the upper side of the outrigger 41. These arms 42 also carry the abutments 33.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view of an arrangement in which the swinging arms are partially releaved.
  • each of the topping lifts 13 and 14 according to FIG. 2 which topping lift in practical service usually consist of tackles, is divided into two parts in the construction according to FIG. 6.
  • three runs 14' of the tackle are passing between the head of the derrick 12 and the swinging arm 5, one of these runs passing downwards to a winch not shown.
  • Two runs 14" are passing between the head of the derrick and a point on the cross beam 4 midway between the swinging arms 5 and 6.
  • the topping lift 13 is divided into two parts, one part 13' only being shown in FIG. 6.
  • topping lifts results not only in a releave of the swing arms, but also in a more rapid operation, since during the swinging movement of the derrick 12 in a horizontal plane the topping lift parts 13' and 14' only are lengthened and shortened respectively, whereas the lengths of the topping lift parts 13 and 14" are not materially changed. However, when the derrick is lifted or lowered all of the topping lift parts are taking part in the operation.
  • the blocks connected to the cross beam 4 may be detached from the beam and attached to a point near the lower end of the derrick with the result that even the topping lift parts 13" and 14" will not be materially changed as to their lengths during lifting and lowering of the derrick.
  • the topping lift parts 13" and 14" are not operating and all operations are carried out merely by means of the topping lift parts 13' and 14' resulting in an increased speed of operation.
  • the lengths of the stays are related such that the swinging arms are extending exactly horizontally and longitudinally of the ship when both stays are loaded. Since the function of the swinging arms is to keep one topping lift attachment at a distance from an athwartship plane through the derrick attachment when the derrick is swung outwards, it will be obvious that said extension corresponding to the direction of the swinging arm 5 according to the drawing is not of decisive importance, and deviations therefrom are possible within the scope of the invention.
  • the invention may also be applied in cases where instead of a mast having an athwartship outrigger or an Y-mast or X-mast there are provided two derrick poles standing at a distance from each other in the athwartship direction.
  • the swinging arms may also be secured to a wall of an upper structure of the ship.
  • a topping lift arrangement for a derrick for a ship which comprises a mast
  • a derrick member pivotably attached at one end thereof to said mast;
  • means including block sheaves on said swinging arms for guiding said topping lifts over the ends of said arms;
  • topping lifts connecting the free end of the derrick to separate points on the mast with the aid of said swinging arms;
  • a first movable stay extending between the mast and each swinging arm for limiting swinging movements of said arm about a substantially vertical axis
  • a second movable stay extending between the mast and each swinging arm for limiting swinging movements of said arm about a substantially horizontal axis
  • each said arm is substantially horizontal and extending longitudinally of the ship when both associated stays are loaded so that when the derrick is swung outwards over one side of the ship the end of the arm connected to the topping lift located nearest the other side of the ship is disposed in an athwartship plane so positioned relative to the derrick attachment that the derrick can be swung again inwards over the ship merely by shortening said topping lift.
  • each arm is mounted on a horizontal pin of a hinge member which is connected with the mast and swingable about a vertical pivot pin.
  • each topping lift consists of a two-part tackle, one part of which connects the head of the derrick with the swinging arm and the other part of which connects the head of the derrick with a fixed point on the mast.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
US317710A 1962-11-09 1963-10-21 Derricks for ships Expired - Lifetime US3219197A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1205662 1962-11-09

Publications (1)

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US3219197A true US3219197A (en) 1965-11-23

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US317710A Expired - Lifetime US3219197A (en) 1962-11-09 1963-10-21 Derricks for ships

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US (1) US3219197A (en:Method)
DK (1) DK115084B (en:Method)
ES (1) ES293346A1 (en:Method)
FI (1) FI42171B (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1039178A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL300174A (en:Method)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3435960A (en) * 1966-09-02 1969-04-01 Hallen Alf E Ship's derrick for container handling
US20110084043A1 (en) * 2009-10-09 2011-04-14 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh Crane
CN113401283A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-17 中国船舶工业集团公司第七0八研究所 双门架收放装置及其作业方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2782938A (en) * 1953-09-17 1957-02-26 Mege Paul Andre Swivelling load-handling devices, notably for ships and the like
US2914193A (en) * 1954-02-11 1959-11-24 H C Stulcken Sohn Loading devices of ships
GB906255A (en) * 1959-06-17 1962-09-19 Alf Eskill Hallen Ship's mast having a fore-and-aft outrigger
US3076560A (en) * 1961-04-24 1963-02-05 Thew Shovel Co Retractible mast and boom stop
US3090493A (en) * 1959-10-27 1963-05-21 Wartsila Yhtyma Oy Wartsila Ko Preventer system for derricks on ships

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2782938A (en) * 1953-09-17 1957-02-26 Mege Paul Andre Swivelling load-handling devices, notably for ships and the like
US2914193A (en) * 1954-02-11 1959-11-24 H C Stulcken Sohn Loading devices of ships
GB906255A (en) * 1959-06-17 1962-09-19 Alf Eskill Hallen Ship's mast having a fore-and-aft outrigger
US3090493A (en) * 1959-10-27 1963-05-21 Wartsila Yhtyma Oy Wartsila Ko Preventer system for derricks on ships
US3076560A (en) * 1961-04-24 1963-02-05 Thew Shovel Co Retractible mast and boom stop

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3435960A (en) * 1966-09-02 1969-04-01 Hallen Alf E Ship's derrick for container handling
US20110084043A1 (en) * 2009-10-09 2011-04-14 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh Crane
US9290364B2 (en) * 2009-10-09 2016-03-22 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh Crane
CN113401283A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-17 中国船舶工业集团公司第七0八研究所 双门架收放装置及其作业方法
CN113401283B (zh) * 2021-06-30 2022-12-20 中国船舶工业集团公司第七0八研究所 双门架收放装置及其作业方法

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Publication number Publication date
NL300174A (en:Method) 1900-01-01
GB1039178A (en) 1966-08-17
DK115084B (da) 1969-09-01
FI42171B (en:Method) 1970-02-02
ES293346A1 (es) 1964-03-16

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