US321848A - Manufacture of cartridge-shells and other receptacles from paper-pulp - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 G. M. PETERS.

MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGE SHELLS AND OTHER RECEPTAGLESTROM PAPER PULP.

7 No. 321,848. Patented July 7,1885.

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" NITED STATES G. MOORE PETERS, OF XENIA, OHIO.

MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGE-SHELLS AND OTHER RECEPTACLES FROM PAPER-PULP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 321,848, dated July 7, 1885.

Application filed December 29, 1884. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, G. MOORE PETERS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Xenia, in the county of Greene and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Cartridge- Shells and other Receptacles from Paper-Pulp, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to the manufacture of cartridge-shells (and other receptacles, such as boxes and similar articles) from pulp, such as paper or wood.

The device and process of manufacture here presented are improvements on the patent granted to me April 29, 1884, No. 297,712.

I will now proceed to describe my invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of the mold, shellformer, piston, and vent-former; Fig. 2, a side elevation, partly in section, of the pulpreservoir, distributing pipe and shaft, and mold; Fig. 3, a side view of the distributingpipe and shaft, the cars for supporting the molds, and the revolving drums or disks for supporting the cars; Fig. 4:, an end view of one of the supporting drums or disks, partly broken to show the pulp-conductor and car in section; and Fig. 5, a section of the moldfor forming paper boxes and other articles.

In my former patent, before referred to, the tube being limited in capacity, it requires several fillings to furnish sufficient pulp to form the shell. Moreover, the base being downward, it is difiicult sometimes to turn the pulp upward along the sides of the mold. These defects I remedy by the devices here presented.

By referring to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the mold Ahas the base a at the top. I make the opposite end, A, separate from the body of the mold, so that it can be readily detached when required. It may, however, be made integral with the body A, if desired. Flanges A at top and bottom receive the bolts B, so that the parts can be securely fastened together. The base end of the mold is provided with a beveled shoulder, a, on its inner surface, by means of which the beveled flange or seat of the shell is formed, the depth from a a being sufficient to hold pulp enough to allow a firm base to be made. From the beveled shoulder a to end piece, A the interior of the mold is of gradually-decreasing diameter, thus causing the outer surface of the shell to taper slightly, (about one-fiftieth of an inch, more or less,) so that the shell may be easily withdrawn from the mold and gun. The mold is provided with a former, O O, also made tapering as it rises, and is either cut square or made rounding at the upper end. This former O G has a shoulder, c, which rests on the plate A Thelower portion, O, of the former, which is made narrower than the upper portion, O, passes through said plate A and extends downward a suitable distance below it, and while it fits closely in the opening made in plate A it is capable of being moved up and down. The object of this is to raise the former and so lift the shell out of the mold, thus avoiding the necessity of taking the mold apart every time a shell is to be removed. There may be a nut or pin placed on the lower end of the former O to prevent its being drawn out when a shell is removed.

It is necessary that provision be made for the escape of moisture from the pulp as it is being filled into the mold and compressed. To accomplish this purpose, I may make small holes or openings 6 cin the plate A", the former 0 being solid. These holes may be large enough for the water to pass through, yet too small for the escape of the pulp. I prefer, however, to make the formerO O hollow from near the bottom to the top, with one or more cavities, the upper portion being provided with a series of minute perforations, 0, leading into the tubular former, or one or more longitudinal slots, d, leading thereto, as shown in Fig. 1. The lower end of the former Omay be made tubular, or simply have several vertical grooves for the escape of the water. The openings 6 in the plate A can then be omitted. The piston D compresses the pulp, as in my former patent. In this instance, however, a central projection, f, is made on the lower end of the piston, for forming the seat for the primer. A conical projecting point, y, we tends below this and forms the opening in the base of the shell for the flash of the primer to reach the powder.

Heretofore it has been found difficult to ICO pack the pulp in the narrow opening of the mold at the bottom and to drain it sufficiently fast. To accomplish the desired ends, I now use centrifugal force in filling the molds, as illustrated in Fig. 2.

The prepared pulp is placed in a reservoir, E, and kept agitated and of uniform consistency by means of a suitable revolving paddlewheel near the bottom of the tank, operated by the shaft S. The tank may also be provided with a steam-coil to keep the pulp hot. The mold A is attached to a shaft, G, in any suitable manner, said shaft being actuated by a band-pulley, II. Through the center of the shaft, running horizontally,is a circular opening, which midway turns outward, as at F, and communicates with the opening of the mold A. The opening in the shaft is connected with the reservoir E by means of the pipe F, provided with a stop-cock, 71, or sliding plate placed inside the reservoir over the mouth of the pipe. There may also be connections through pipe F, by means of branching pipes, with reservoirs of oil, steam, and waterthe oil to be used for lubricating the molds, the water for cleaning the passage-ways of any accumulation of pulp, the steam for heating the molds, cutting out any obstructions not affected by the water, and for aiding in pressing down the pulp, if needed, all operated in connection with the centrifugal device and the filling of the mold.

\Vhen it is desired to fill the mold with pulp, the shaft G (and therefore the mold which is secured to it) is set revolving with great rapidity. The cock h is now turned, and the pulp,

which is about the consistency of cream, begins to flow through the pipe F and opening in the shaft, whence it is hurled by the centrifugal action with great force into the mold. This action causes .it to firmly pack itself and rapidly drain as the mold is filled. The reservoir E maybe attached toafloat resting on the pulp, by means of which it can easily be determined how much of the pulp should be let out each time to fill the mold properly. This explains the method of filling a single mold.

In order, however, that such cartridge-shells or other receptacles be made economically, they must be made in quantities. In practice it is my purpose to arrange hundreds of these molds side by side in a single set of plates, like plate A, said plates being mounted on wheels M and moved on a tramway, and thus fill and press all the molds at once.

The machine for filling the molds in quantityis shown in Figs. 3 and l. M is the frame or carriage containing the molds, mounted on the wheels H, which move on the tracks N O. The shaft G (which communicates with the pulp, oil, steam, and water reservoirs, as before set forth) is hollow, and has an internal opening running nearly its entire length. Oii one side of the shaft isalong narrow slot communicating with the central opening, which, when the machine is in operation, allows a thin sheet of the liquid pulp to flow out. A

conductor, G, conveys the pulp from the shaft G to the molds, the receiving-mouth of this conductor being placed opposite the slot in the shaft, and is firmly bolted to the shaft. The revolving frame, as shown in Fig. 4, turns from right to left, and it will be seen that the conductor G, as it leaves the shaft, curves backward and delivers its contents first on the forward edge of the mold-plates, and from there spreads over and fills the molds. This is in accordance with the natural course of the stream of pulp. As it is thrown out by the centrifugal force it is at the same time drawn backward by its own force of inertia. The conductor Gterminates in a shallow inverted pan, K, covering the entire surface of the mold-plates. It should be provided with rubber edges and the carriage M brought firmly against it to prevent leaking when the filling is going on. This pan may be further provided with adjustable openings in the top, sides, or end for the escape of hot air, steam, or water. The part of the track N is detached from the main track 0 and held by the lifting-frame K, connected with the drum-heads 1. \Vhen the carriage M is first rolled on the track N,it is on a level with the track 0; but by means of the screw attachment L, operated by the crank L, the liftingframe is drawn up until the carriage is firmly pressed against the conductor G. After the molds are filled the carriage is lowered and rolled away to the press.

It is not necessary here to describe the press, except to say that the press-plate, which is operated by a suitable screw or cam, is provided with as many pistons like D as there are molds, the carriages holding the molds exactly in line with the downward movement of the piston press-plate, so that the pistons will eX- actly enter their respective molds. A jacket of sheet iron or tin surrounds the filling device, so as to catch the flying water.

In a large manufactory there will be a large number of these carriages just described, containing molds moved back and forth by a wire cable, to which they may be attached or detached, as occasion requires, by means of suitable clutches.

The general and completing operation is as follows: The molds having been filled,they are moved under the press, where the base of the shell is con'ipressed and solidified and the flange and the primer-seat formed. They are then run into a heating-oven, where they re main until thoroughly dried. They are next removed and brought over a plate operated from beneath by aserew. This plate is brought up against the formers O, lifting them all at once and carrying with them the shells. If any trimming is necessary, it may be done while the shells are on the uplifted formers. The shells may 110w be removed by hand or by a device clutching them all at one time. If

the shells contract so closely about the formers O that it is difficult to remove them, the formers may be cooled and contracted previous to the removal by making the plate that lifts the formers a shallow pan filled with water. The cold water brought into contact with the lower ends of the formers will chill them and cause them to contract without affecting the rest of the mold. When being filled, the molds may be lubricated, and they, as well as the pulp, may be hot or cold, as may be deemed proper. The pulp may contain a proper proportion of glue or size, such as used in papiermach.

It is apparent from the foregoing that this same process will apply to any sized receptacle, such as boxes, 8m. course be circular, rectangular, or polygonal in form, and the former C be made to correspond in shape with the mold.

While I have described particularly the manufacture of cartridge-shells, it is at once evident that any kind of receptacle can be made from the pulp without departing from the spirit of the invention as shown in the several figures and in the description of the operation.

In the formation of boxes and like articles not requiring great density the pressing may be dispensed with, the pulp being sufficiently packed by the centrifugal force employed.

In Fig. 5 the mold for the boxes contains all the essential features shown in Fig. 1. The draining-slots are preferably placed in the corners in this form.

By means of suitable gearing connected with the carriages or with the plates or supports for the molds, I may give said molds a motion of translation at the same time with the centrifugal motion. This tends to bring the fiber of the pulp into a binding condition, thus making the body of the shell tough, yet thin.

Instead of placing the molds in a separate drying-receptacle, I may force hot air into them by means of the filling-pipes, and thus dry them without removal. After this operation superheated paraffine may be forced into the shells, and said shells more thoroughly rendered water-proof.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In the manufacture of cartridge-shells from paper-pulp, a mold provided with a base having drainage openings, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In the manufacture of cartridgeshells from paper-pulp, a mold provided with an internal flange for forming the base of the shell, the interior of the mold tapering from said flange to the opposite end of the mold, there by causing the shell to taper on its outer surface, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In the manufacture of cartridge-shells The mold may of from paper-pulp, the combination, with a mold having a tapering opening, of a former, C, also made tapering, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In the manufacture of articles from paper-pulp, the combination, with a mold, of a tubular former provided with openings therein to carry off the water from the pulp, substantially as set forth.

5. In the manufacture of articles from paper-pulp, a mold, one end of which is open for the reception of the pulp, and a compressingpiston, the opposite end or base having an opening therein to receive a device for forming the article to be molded, substantially as set forth.

6. In the manufacture of articles from paper-pulp, a mold, one end of which is open for the reception of the pulp, the opposite end having an opening therein for the reception of a former, and openings for the drainage of the mold, substantially as set forth.

7. In the manufacture of cartridge-shells, the combination,with the mold and former, of a compressing-piston provided with means for forming the seat for the primer, and an opening in the base of the shell, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. In the manufacture of articles from paper-pulp, the combinationof a pulp and oil reservoir, a hollow shaft and means for turning it, the shaft being connected with said reservoirs,and one or more molds secured to the shaft and turning with it, said molds communicating with the opening in the shaft, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

9. In the manufacture of cartridge-shells and other articles from paper-pulp, the combination of a hollow shaft suitably actuated and connected with the pulp-reservoir, a revolving frame provided with drum-heads secured to said shaft, one or more carriages containing molds secured to the frame or drumheads, a conductor for conveying the pulp from the shaft to the molds, means, as described, for preventing leakage of said molds, and means for raising and lowering the mold-carriage, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

10. In the manufacture of cartridge-shells from paper-pulp, the combination of one or more molds and apparatus for filling and draining them by centrifugal force, a piston for forming the base of the shell and primer-seat, and means for drying and removing the shells from the molds, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signaturein presence of two witnesses.

G. MOORE PETERS. Witnesses:

W. R. MOGERVEY, C. B. GownY.

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