US321196A

US321196A - ebeehaedt

Info

Publication number: US321196A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1885-06-30
Anticipated expiration: 1902-06-30

Description

(No Model.) I 4 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

U. 85. H. E. EBERHARDT.

DRILLING MACHINE.

No. 321,196 Patented June 30, 1885.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented June 30, 1885.

(No Model.)

U. 8: H. E. EBERHARDT.

DRILLING MACHINE.

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DRILLING MACHINE.

Patented June 30, 1885.

UNITED TATES ATENT Erica.

ULRICH EBERHARDT AND HENRY EBERHARDT, OF NEsVARK, J. J.

DRILLING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 321,196, dated June 30, 1885. i

' Application filed February 11,1885. (No model.)

. T to whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ULRICH EBERHARDT and HENRY E. EBERHARDT, citizens of the United States, residing in Newark, Essex county, New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Column-Drill Presses, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to an improvementin column power drilling-machines; and it consists, first, in a special means for unclutching the spindle-driving cone from its shaft, so as to operate with back gearing; secondly, in

means whereby the back gearing may be thrown into operation and the spindle-cone be unclutched by a lever extended within reach of the operator, and preferably by a single movement of the same; thirdly, in an improved construction for the drill-feeding device; fourthly, in a stationary bar marked with .drillsizes and applied to the belt-driving cone to indicate the proper speed for the belt; fifthly, in a corresponding index applied to the drill-feeding mechanism to indicate the proper feed of a drill of given size; sixtli'ly, in an improved means forlocking the drillshank in the spindle and for driving it out of the same; and, seventhly, in an improved construction for the sliding sleeve and toothed rack which sustain and feed the drill-spindle.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is asideelevation of the entire machine. Fig. 2 is a detached view of the top of the frame, with the shaft-bearings in section, on lineyyin Fig. 3.'

Fig. 3 is a plan of the top partof the machine, with the cone and its attachments removed by a section on line a: m in Fig. 2, and the bevelgears which are shown in Fig. 2 omitted. Fig.

4. is a section of the friction disk and wheel,

on an enlarged scale, on line 22 in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an elevation of the upper shaft-bearings, taken on line 22 'l) in Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the machine. Fig. 7 is a rear elevation showing the various beltconnections. Fig.8 is asection of the clutch-cone on line to w in Fig. 2. Fig. 9 is a plan of the sliding sleeve and its bearing in the movable bracket; Fig. 10, a vertical section of the drill-spindle socket on line 1' r in Fig. 1, and

Fig. 11 a similar section at right angles to the last.

Our improvements are intended to render the machine more convenient for the operator when it is necessary to vary the speed of the drill, reamer, rose-bit, boring-bar, or other tool operated by the drill-spindle, and they consist in various attachments by which a greater range in the variations of the speed, both of the drill and of its rate of feed, is attainable, and the shifting of the devices to secure such variation in the speed is more easily effected. With the drill-presses in common use heretofore much time and labor is lost in ascertaining the proper speed for the drillingtool, as the operator, either through want of knowledge or experience, runsthe drill so fast that the cutting-edge is destroyed, or so slow that much time is lost in operating on the material. \Ve obviate this difficulty by marking figures plainly upon an index attached to the belt-driving cone to show which of thespeeds the belt should be applied to for a drill of given size.

The same difficulty has existed in respect to the feeding devices heretofore used, the operator being liable to feed so fast thatin many cases the tools are broken, or so slow that the tools merely scrape upon the material, instead of cutting in the desired manner. The varia tions of speed in the feeding devices are also generally limited to such as may be obtained by the cones with belts or the cones composed of gears, three, four, or five only of such cones being usually provided for changing the speed of the feed. The lack of greater range in the speed of the feed is especially noticeable in using reamers or bits of large size to smooth out a previously formed hole. Such tools must be driven at a slow rate of speed by the use of the back gearing, and as the feed is usually driven by a connection with the spindle-driving shaft the slow speed of such shaft derived from the back gearing-producesacorrespondingly slow feed upon the tool used, whether the same be suitable or not. We have frequently found that with aslow backgear speed a feed of only one sixty-fourth of an inch was attainable for each revolution of the tool, while one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch feed is frequently required in feeding a reamer of a large size. The feeding devices heretofore used are thus not only too limited in their range, but cannot be operated when the machine is in motion without danger and inconvenience to the operator.

We overcome these defects in the feeding devices, first, by the use of a frictional driving-disk from which a finely-varied range of speeds may be derived; secondly, by driving such disk from the counter-shaft of the machine wherever located, the speed of which is not affected by the back-gear connections or by the shifting of the cone-belt; and, thirdly, by providing a shifting attachment for the friction-wheel, which attachment can be operated while the machine is in motion, and which we mark with suitable figures, and provide with a gage, so that the operator may set the feed directly at the proper speed for a drill of given size. We also connect the friction driving-disk with the counter-shaft by means of cone-pulleys fitted to revolve the disk at different speeds for materials of different hardness, as cast and wrought iron. By these improvements we obtain a great and gradually-varied range of speeds for the feeding devices, and are able to adapt the same so accurately to the requirements of the particular tools in use that we are able to do fully onefourth more work than with thelimited numher and range of the speeds heretofore provided.

The separate means heretofore in use for disconnecting the upper cone from its shaft and engaging the back gears we have found very inconvenient, as they necessitate two distinct operations, and because in large columndrills of the class to which our invention belongs they are usually out of the operators reach, and he is compelled to employ a stepladder or other means to gain access to them. \Ve obviate this defect by providing a lever accessible to the operator when standing upon the floor, and extended to and connected with the back-gear shaft and with a clutch combined with the upper cone, thus securinga means for unclutching the cone and engaging the back gear by a single movement. The spindlesleeve within which the spindle revolves, and which is commonly mounted upon a bracket, so as to hold and feed the spindle close' to the tool-socket, has generally heretofore been made of cylindrical form, and had a toothed rack attached to it by means of screws to receive the feedingmotion from a rotary pinion. Such a round sleeve is difficult to clamp firmly when it begins to wear, and the screws of the feedin g'rack frequently getloose, so that the feeding movement and guiding of the drill both become defective.

In our construction we make the sleeve of rectangular shape, and form the toothed feeding-rack integral therewith, by which means we prevent the rack from ever getting loose and secure a form for the socket, wherein the sleeve is mounted, bywhich we can readily clamp the same and compensate for any wear upon its front sides.

Heretofore a flat transverse slot has been formed across the upper end of the socket in the drill-spindle to engage the flattened ends of the tool-shanks applied to the socket; but such slot is constantly worn by the end of the shank, and is often greatly damaged by the tapering drifts which have been forced into the slot to drive the shank out of the socket, and we have therefore devised a means of forming a slot in a detachable steel piece which can be readily removed, and which is also adapted to drive the tool-shank from the socket without the use of any drift or wedge.

The nature of our improvements will be understood by reference to the annexed drawings, in which A is the column of the machine, and B the frame attached thereto to support the counter-shaft O, cone-shaft D, backgear shaft E, and disk-shaft G.

C are the bearings of the counter-shaft, supporting the same upon the lower part of the frame, and U the lower driving-cone; D D, the bearings of the cone-shaft, supporting the same at the top of the machine, and D the upper driving-cone; E E the bearings of the back-gear shaft arranged just below the coneshaft, and G G are the bearings of the diskshaft attached to one side of the frame and column adjacent to the back-gear shaft.

F is the spindle, fitted with a spline, s, to a bevelgear, S, which is sustained in a bearing, F, at the top of the frame, and is held at its lower end in a sleeve, H, which is formed to fit a rectangular split bearing, H upon a bracket, K, movably held upon a dovetail, K, upon the front of the column, as in other machines.

S is a bevelgear on the cone-shaft D, and fitted to the gear S, and the power is thus transmitted from the cone-shaft to the drillspindle as the latter moves up and down through the gear S.

H is a toothed rack formed integrally upon the'inner side of the sleeve, and I the worm gearing usually employed to reduce the quick movement. of the. drill-feeding shaft to the proper speed for the pinion a, which operates the rack H. (See Fig. 9.)

J is the drill-feeding shaft, fitted to hearing 1) upon the bracket K, and to bearings 0 c attached to the front bearing, G, of the diskshaft, and provided with a frictional drivingwheel, 6, splined to the shaft J, as shown at e in Fig. 4.

J are shifters attached to a hand-rod, J which is fitted .to lugs 0 upon the bearings c c, the shiftersbeing arranged to move and hold the wheel 6 in contact with the frictional disk (I at any desired point. The rod J is furnished with a handle, J, for moving it, and is clamped in the desired spot by means of a hand-screw, e inserted in one of the bearings 0 which is split open to allow its opposite sides to yield. The disk d is shown recessed at the center in Fig. 4, to afford a spot where the wheel e can be placed at rest while the disk is revolving, and by means of the rod J the friction-wheel 6 can be moved to such cen-.

tral point to stop the feed entirely, and can be moved from thence in either direction up or down to feed the drill-spindle either upward or downward at an increasing rate of speed proportioned to the distance of the wheel 0 from the center of the disk.

The rod J is shown in Fig. 6 marked with a series of marks, 2', and with figures it 1 1i, and the edge of the lower bearing, 0 serves as a gage, with which any mark is set in contact to secure a speed suitable for a drill of the size marked thereat;

The disk-shaft G is provided with two conespeeds, g g, and similar cone-speeds, f f, are provided upon the counter-shaft O, and a belt, L, Fig. 7, serves to convey either a quicker or a slowerspeed to the disk-shaft, as may be suited to the material operated upon. The variation of speed produced by the use of the cones g g is intended to be just that which is required in shifting from east to wrought iron, and the series of marks on the rod J" are therefore equally applicable,whichever metal the tool be used upon.

In Fig. 1, M is a stationary bar formed upon the frame B adjacent to'the lower cone, C, and provided with marks adjacent to each of the cone speeds or pulleys to guide the operator in applying the belt to the cone for a drill or tool of given size. The cone-speeds are shown as four in number, and in the drawings are proportioned to furnish the required variation in speed between drills of three-eighths of an inch and one and one-quarter of an inch in diameter without the use of the back gearing. Thus the quickest speed is adapted for the three-eighths and one-half inch drills, and the figures and are accordingly marked upon the stationary bar M, adjacent to the largest cone-speed, each other speed having two other figures marked near it, as the same speed may be very readily used for drills of but one-eighth inch variation in size. Similar figures may be marked upon the rod J ,or each alternate figure, if the space he cramped, as shown in Fig. 6, and the operator is then enabled to immediately secure the proper speeds both for the driving and the feeding of a drill of given size.

It is obvious that in addition to or in place of the drill-sizes the index M may be marked with the actual speeds produced by the use of the several cone-speeds, and the rod J may be marked with the actual feed produced for each revolution of the spindle when the latter is actuated by the same cone-speed without the intervention of the back gear. Such a series of indications is shown upon the plate M in the numbers 40 60 100 160, and we do not therefore limit ourselves exclusively to the nseofmarks indicating the drill-sizesalone,

although such marks afford quite the best guide to the operator, who may not know what speed would be best for a given size of drill.

Ve are aware that it is not new to use an index marked with a given speed or screwthread pitch; but the essential feature of the index we have shown herein is its direct reference to the tools which are suitable to be used with the belt applied to a certain face upon the driving-cone. By this construction the operator entirely ignores the speed produced by such an application of the belt, and is guided directly to the size of tool which is adapted for use with a certain adjustment of the driving-belt.

Ve are aware that indexes have been applied to a slide affixed to the cones of feedgears used on lathes for varying the screwcutting 'feed, and we do not therefore claim as our own invention an index having marks to show the speed produced by a given setting;

but our index M applied to the belt-cone differs from those heretofore used in not being dependent upon any moving slide to indicate which figure of the scale is to be read. Our invention requires only that the index M should be fixed rigidly opposite the several speeds of the cone, so that the cone and index can be viewed together, and the location of the belt (the adjustment of which in our invention does not shift or alter anything about the index) then indicates at once by mere inspectionof the marks nearest to the belt upon the index what speed is produced by such belt. WVe-therefore disclaim such constructions as are shown in the said United States Patents, and restrict ourselves to the combination we have described.

We are also aware that a clutch has been applied to the inside of a cone to connect the same and a hack-gear wheel alternately to the shaft, as might be required; but such a loca- 'tion for the clutch requires a hollow spindle for the cone, and to avoid such a construction we have devised the followingmeans for shifting the back-gear spindle longitudinally and for working a clutch upon the outer end of the speed-cone by the same handle.

' Upon the back-gear shaft E are secured a large gear, m, and small gear m, and a'small gear, a, is attached to the hub .of the'cone D to rotate the back -gear shaft when the gears are meshed together. A large gear,n ,is attached to the cone-shaft 'D, adjacent to the gear at, and the gears mm are so arranged upon the shaft E that when the latter is shifted endwise,'as shown in Fig. 3, the two gears on the shaft E mesh into the gearsnn, and the quick motion of the cone is transmitted to the shaft D in a reduced ratio.

WVhen the back gears are disconnected, as shown in Fig. 2, the cone D would slip around upon the shaft, and to connect the same with the shaft and avoid the use of the hand locking devices heretofore employed we form clutch-teeth a, Fig. 8, upon the hub of the cone,and apply a sliding clutch-hub, 1, formed with similar teeth to the rear end of the shaft D, so as to slide to and from the teeth to in the cone. Pins and holes may be used instead of the teeth a. The hub l is fitted to a bearing, D, at the rear end of the cone, and a link, I, is swiveled to the outer end of the clutch-hub and connected with a hand-lever, P, which is pivoted upon the frame B at p, and extended downward within reach of the operator when standing upon the same level as the base A, which sustains the column A.

The pivot 19 is arranged between the shafts D and E, and a link, Z is swiveled to the outer end of the back-gear shaft E, so that the movement of the lever serves to draw the back gears m m a n out of mesh with one another at the same time that the clutch is pressed into the cone and the latter locked to the shaft D. The hub l is splined to the shaft, as at 0 in Fig. 2, and therefore drives the shaft at the same speed as the cone D when thus clutched thereto, while anopposite movement of the lever serves to unclutch the cone from its shaft and to engage the back gearing together, so as to rotate the shaft D at a slower speed. The links Z and l are loosely pivoted to the lever at Z Z, and are swiveled to the parts Z and E by caps t, attached to the ends of the shafts and inclosing-collars formed upon the inner ends of the links. Thelinks are thus adapted to slide the parts 1 and E in and out in their bearings while the latter are in motion, if the operator desires.

If the pairs of back gears m m and n n were each proportioned three to one, the effect of using the same would be to reduce the speed of the cone-shaft and drill-spindle in the ratio of nine to one; and if the feed were driven, as in other drilling-machines, by a belt or other direct connection with the cone shaft, the speed of the feed would be reduced in the same proportion; but when the feed is driven independently of the cone-shaft, as in our construction, the effect of using the back gear is to actually reverse the speed of the feed in relation to the spindle-speed. Thus in the machines heretofore used, if the spindle be rotated by the cone at ninety revolutions per minute with a feed of one-thirtieth of an inch to each revolution, the aggregate feed would be three inches in each minute; but when the back gear is used, with the cone still rotated at ninety turns per minute, the speed of the drill and the feed are both reducedthe rotations to ten per minute, and the feed to three ninths of an inch per minute, instead of three inches. On the contrary, with our independent feedconnections, if the spindle be rotated ten revolutions per minute by throwing in the back gear, the feed would still be three inches in each minute, and would be actually in creased in relation to each rotation of the drill, and would become one-third of an inch for each drill-revolution, instead of one-thirtieth,

driving the drill out of the socket.

as when the cone'was used, the adjustment of all the cone-feed speeds being unchanged and the back gear alone being altered in the cases just assumed. An extraordinary and unusual advantage thus results from actuating the feed mechanism by some uniformly-operating device not affected by-the changes in the spindle-speed; and as it is immaterial whether the feed be driven by a belt from the countershaft on the frame of the machine, or from some other uniformly-rotating shaft adjacent thereto, we do not limit. ourselves exclusively to the means shown herein for thus driving it. A belt from the cone-shaft D to the feed-shaft G, such as has heretofore been used, is obviously very short and constantly liable to get slack and to slip. This defect has long been known in power drill-presses, and our construction secures a great advantage in dissolving the belt-connection between these shafts and driving the feed-shaft by a belt from some remoter point-as the shaft 0;

It will thus be seen that the entire machine is provided with means for adjusting and operating the different parts in an especially convenient manner, and that the rate of feed can be altered by moving the handle J and rod J while the drill is in operation, just as readily as the-back gear can be shifted and cone locked by the use of the single lever P.

To press the disk (1 into suitable contact with the wheel 0, a screw, (1, is mounted in a split bearing, d behind the outer end of the disk-shaft G, and the shaft can thus be pressed endwise to any desired distance and the screw clamped in the bearing d by a bolt, (1, applied to the opposite parts of the same.

Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate the means for preventing the wear in the drill-socket and for The improvement consists in a grooved plug, h, inserted movably in a hole, j, across the bottom of the socket F the groove h being shaped transversely to fit the flattened end of the drillshank, and the bottom of the groove being inclined to the axis of the hole j, so as to operate as a wedge, and thus force the drill out of the socket when moved endwise in the hole. Such shifting may be readily effected by striking the plug upon the end with any convenient object without any damage to the plug, as the same, being made separate from the drill-socket, can be formed of steel and hardened, so as to endure the blows to which it would be subjected in use. If the bottom of the groove were inclined in but one direction, the plug would require to be driven always in the same direction to discharge the drill; and to .avoid the necessity of turning the drill-shaft to reach the proper end of the plug the groove h in Fig. 10 is shown with a concave bottom longitudinally, and may be readily formed of that shape by a rotary milling-cutter. With such a construction the groove operates in the same manner to discharge the shank when driving through the hole j from either end.

Having thus set forth our invention, whatwe claim herein is 1. The combination, with the drill-spindle F and the split bearing H surrounding the same, of the rectangular sleeve H, having the rack-teeth H, formed integral therewith, for transmitting the feed movement to the sleeve, substantially as herein shown and described.

2. In a column-drill press, the combination, with the cone-shaft D, having the gear a secured thereto, and the cone D fitted loosely thereon, provided with the gear n, of the clutch having the hub Z fitted to the end of the shaft D, the back gears mounted upon the backgear shaft E parallel with the cone-shaft D, as described, and the lever I, provided with the links Z and 1 arranged to shift the clutch in one direction and the back-gearing shaft in the opposite direction, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a column-drill press having the drillfeeding shaft driven by a frictional wheel, and having the cone-shaft driven by a countershaft, 0, with the cone 0 as described, the combination, with the drill-feeding shaft having the frictional wheel secured thereon, of a frictional disk mounted upon a shaft driven by a belt from the said counter-shaft, and means for shifting the frictional wheel into contact with the disk, substantially as shown and described.

4. In a column-drill press having the coneshaft driven by a counter-shaft, the combination, with the drill-feeding shaft, of a frictional driving-wheel and disk, an independent shaft for carrying said disk, speed-cones applied to the said disk-shaft and countershaft, and a belt to drive the disk-shaft from the counter-shaft O, the cones operating to vary the effect of the belt for drilling wrought or cast iron, substantially as shown and described.

5. The drill-frame A B, provided with the counter-shaft C, and cone 0 arranged, substantially as described, and the stationary bar M arranged adjacent to the several belt-faces upon the cone, and provided with figures opposite the several faces of the cone to indicate the corresponding sizes of the drills which should be used with the belt applied thereto.

6. In a column-drill press provided with a frictional feed-wheel, the combination, with the shifters for shifting the wheel 6, of the rod J attached to the said shifters, and provided with the figures for indicating the proper setting of the wheel, substantially as shown and described.

7. The combination, with a drill -spindle having a central socket for the shank of the tool and provided with a transverse hole at the bottom of the socket, of the grooved plug, constructed as described and inserted movably in said hole, and adapted both to rotate the tool and to force it out of its socket,when required, substantially as shown and described.

8. The combination, with a drill-press splu- -dle, of a cone-shaft geared thereto, a cone running loosely thereon, and back gearing adapted to drive the cone-shaft, when desired, a feeding mechanism for moving the spindle longitudinally, and means for driving the feeding mechanism independently of the coneshaft, and thereby reversing the relation of the feed to the rotations of the drill when operated by the back-gear.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ULRICH EBERHARDT. HENRY E. EBERHARDT.

Witnesses:

THos. S. CRANE, HENRY J. THEBERATH.