US3210669A - Charged particle flow control apparatus - Google Patents

Charged particle flow control apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3210669A
US3210669A US27151A US2715160A US3210669A US 3210669 A US3210669 A US 3210669A US 27151 A US27151 A US 27151A US 2715160 A US2715160 A US 2715160A US 3210669 A US3210669 A US 3210669A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tube
cathode
potential
pulse
electrode
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US27151A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr Theodore L Allen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Varian Medical Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Varian Associates Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL214772D priority Critical patent/NL214772A/xx
Priority to NL215805D priority patent/NL215805A/xx
Priority to GB14777/44A priority patent/GB586973A/en
Priority claimed from US568422A external-priority patent/US2943234A/en
Priority to US574503A priority patent/US2916659A/en
Priority to GB6106/57A priority patent/GB856973A/en
Priority to DEV11987A priority patent/DE1235441B/de
Priority to DEV19824A priority patent/DE1286647B/de
Priority to DES52897A priority patent/DE1109796B/de
Priority to FR1170097D priority patent/FR1170097A/fr
Application filed by Varian Associates Inc filed Critical Varian Associates Inc
Priority to US27152A priority patent/US3183402A/en
Priority to US27151A priority patent/US3210669A/en
Publication of US3210669A publication Critical patent/US3210669A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/78—Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/04—Cathodes
    • H01J23/05—Cathodes having a cylindrical emissive surface, e.g. cathodes for magnetrons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
    • H01J23/07—Electron or ion guns producing a hollow cylindrical beam
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J3/02—Electron guns
    • H01J3/029—Schematic arrangements for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/162—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion absorbing spurious or unwanted modes of propagation

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to flow control of charged particles and more specifically to novel high electrical current density control electrodes and to novel circuitry networks useful in conjunction with high power tube apparatus employing such electrodes.
  • the invention is extremely useful in the generation of high power, short rise and fall time pulses as are utilized in radar, pulse communication systems and the like.
  • the fall time should be especially short so that in close range work the returning echo signal will not be masked by the trailing edge of the outgoing pulse.
  • One system utilized in the generation of pulses employs a pulsed klystron amplifier operating into the transmitting antenna.
  • the RF. output of the klystron was pulsed by pulsing on and off the klystrons beam current.
  • the beam current was pulsed by applying a positive going high voltage pulse to the anode with respect to the cathode.
  • the positive pulse in this system had to be substantially equal to the beam voltage of the tube (often kv. or more).
  • Short fall times, of such high voltage pulses have been extremely difiicult to achieve. These pulses have been plagued with long fall times, overshoot, and ripple.
  • the pulse was generally applied to the anode rather than to a control grid because the control grids used in the prior art intercepted suflicient current to operate at a very high temperature such that there was thermal emission from the control grid at a time when the tube was supposedly cut off thereby extending the fall time of the beam current pulses. Moreover, sporadic thermal emission from the hot grid during the beam current off period produced noise excitation in the output cavity resonator which would interfere with the incoming echo signal.
  • the present invention provides novel improved means for the generation of short rise and fall time high power pulses.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide a novel high current density control apparatus whereby high power pulses having particularly short rise and fall time characteristics may be generated.
  • One feature of the present invention is a novel pulse generating network comprising an output tube means series connected to a switch means whereby a small signal applied to the switch means will trigger a greatly amplified pulse from the output tube means.
  • Another feature of the present invention is a novel high power pulse forming network wherein a potential source is connected through the intermediary of a first tube means to a series branch comprising an output tube means and a third tube means series connected, whereby a small initiating pulse applied to the third tube means will produce a greatly amplified pulse from the output tube means.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary longitudinal cross sectional view of a tube structure embodying the novel control electrode of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 1 taken along line 22 in the direction of the arrows,
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal cross sectional view partly schematic showing a second novel current control electrode embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a novel pulse forming network
  • FIG. 5 is a graph of the potentials of certain electrodes as a function of time of the circuit of FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of another novel pulse forming network
  • FIG. 7 is a graph of certain tube potentials as a function of time of the circuit of FIG. 6.
  • the present invention will be described, to facilitate explanation, as it pertains to a pulse generating network employing a klystron amplifier as the output tube. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not so limited and may be applied to many systems employing other types of output tubes such as traveling wave amplifiers, ete., wherein it is desirable to precisely control high current density flow.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a partial view of a high power klystron amplifier which incorporates the novel control electrode structure claimed in copending patent application Ser. No. 568,422 filed February 24, 1956 and now U.S. Patent 2,943,234.
  • a cathode assembly 1 is shown mounted upon and in axial alignment with a multi-resonator RF. section 2 which is disposed between the cathode assembly 1 and a collector assembly (not shown).
  • cathode assembly 1 includes a cathode emitter 3.
  • An annular cathode focus electrode 4 encircles the outer periphery of the cathode emitter 3 in slightly spaced relation therefrom and, in the present instance, is electrically tied to the cathode emitter.
  • the focus electrode 4 is at the same p0- tential as the emitter 3, this is not a requirement and often will be found to be at a slightly different potential to give the desired focusing of the beam.
  • a cylindrical control electrode support 5 is rearwardly disposed outwardly and concentrically of the cathode emitter 3.
  • a hollow cylindrical dielectric insulator 6 as of, for example, alumina ceramic is mounted on the forward outwardly flanged end of the control electrode support 5.
  • the insulator 6 concentrically surrounds the cathode emitter 3.
  • An annular control electrode 7 is carried transversely of and upon the forward end of the insulator 6.
  • a control electrode lead 8 is connected to the control electrode 7 and provides a means for applying a voltage to the control electrode which is independent of the volt age applied to the cathode emitter 3.
  • the spacing between the mutually opposing portions of the focus electrode 4 and the current control electrode 7 is made as small as possible to give an effective control over the current flow. In the cathode configuration shown in FIG. 1 this spacing is approximately 0.015".
  • the electrode spacing dimensions cited here are to be considered only exemplary and not in a limiting sense :since the spacing that can be tolerated using a certain electrode configuration will depend upon the operating voltages of the opposing electrodes and the strength of the particle accelerating field.
  • the inside periphery of the apertured current control electrode 7 at G and the forward end of the focus electrode at F have been rounded to provide a relatively large radius of curvature at their closest mutually opposing portions. Moreover the surface of these electrodes at the rounded portions G and F have been highly polished to prevent sharp points which would quite likely produce electric arcs between the focus electrode 4 and the current control electrode 7 when high voltage differences were encountered in use.
  • An outer cathode envelope 9 surrounds the cathode emitter 3 and provides a gas-tight housing whereby the interior of the cathode assembly 1 may be evacuated.
  • a transverse centrally apertured anode pole piece 11 carries the cathode envelope 9. The cathode assembly is positioned an axial alignment with the central anode aperture.
  • a portion of the anode pole piece 11 is of magnetic material forming one pole of a permanent magnet, the yoke of which is not shown, which provides an axial focusing magnetic field whereby the electrons are confined in a beam shape as they proceed toward the collector end of the tube apparatus.
  • a certain potential is applied to the cathode emitter 3.
  • a more positive potential is applied to the anode pole piece 11. This establishes a certain voltage potential gradient between cathode emitter 3 and anode pole piece 11 which is suflicient to accelerate electrons emitted from the cathode 3 through the centrally apertured anode pole piece 11.
  • a sufficiently more negative potential than the cathode potential is applied to the current control electrode 7, a negative potential barrier is established between cathode 3 and anode 11 which will prevent the emitted electrons from being acted upon by the positive accelerating potential applied to the anode 11, thereby preventing the fiow of beam current.
  • the degree to which the potential applied to the control electrode 7 must be more negative than the potential applied to the cathode 3 depends upon the strength of the accelerating field and the configuration and disposition of the control electrode 7.
  • the control electrode configuration and disposition shown in FIG. 1, to effectively inhibit beam current, requires a control electrode voltage more negative than the cathode potential of approximately 60% of the potential difference between cathode 3 and anode 11. For example, if the anode-to-cathode voltage is kv. the potential of the control electrode 7 must be 6 kv. more negative than the cathode potential.
  • the focus electrode 4 acts in the conventional manner by focusing the emitted electrons into a beam of circular cross section.
  • a signal of a certain frequency is fed into an input resonator 12 by a waveguide 13.
  • the electrons making up the beam pass through the input cavity resonator 12.
  • Electromagnetic fields set up within the input cavity resonator 12 interact with the beam of electrons such as to velocity modulate the beam.
  • the beam proceeds through successive intermediate cavity resonators (not shown) which further velocity modulate the beam.
  • the electrons enter an output cavity resonator wherein they impart electromagnetic energy to the cavity resonator.
  • the electromagnetic energy is then coupled out of the output resonator (not shown) and propagated to the load as, for example, a transmitting antenna (not shown).
  • FIG. 3 there is depicted a second electron gun claimed in copending application Ser. No. 27,152 now US. Patent 3,183,402 filed May 5, 1960 and divided out of the aforementioned parent application Ser. No. 568,422 now US. Patent 2,934,234.
  • an apertured charged particle emitter 14 is provided and will deliver a hollow beam which sometimes is preferred for certain types of tubes.
  • a hollow cylindrical current con trol electrode 15 is positioned in concentric surrounding relationship to the apertured cathode emitter 14 and has a free end portion overhanging the emitting surface of the cathode emitter 14.
  • a central current control elec- 4 trode 16 protrudes through the central aperture in the emitter 14. Although a central electrode is depicted this electrode need not be centrally disposed, for example, it could be a second hollow cylindrical electrode protruding through the emitter in a concentric fashion.
  • the cylindrical control electrode 15 and the central electrode 16 are shown electrically tied together and thus operate at substantially the same electrical potential. However, for some applications it may be desirable to have the two electrodes operating at different potentials.
  • a cathode lead 17 provides an independent potential to the emitter 14.
  • An anode lead supplies a more positive potential to a centrally apertured accelerating anode 18 than is applied to the cathode emitter 14.
  • a current control electrodelead 8 supplies the operating potential to the control electrodes 15 and 16.
  • a hollow cylindrical dielectric insulator 19 as of, for eX- ample, alumina ceramic is disposed between the central control electrode 16 and the emitter 14.
  • the novel two-member current control electrode 15, 16 operates similarly to the previously mentioned annular current control electrode 7 and focusing electrode 4 combination.
  • the cylindrical control electrode 15 due to its forward overhanging portion provides the necessary focusing action to direct the emitted electrons into a beam passing through the centrally apertured accelerating anode 18.
  • Vhen a sufiiciently more negative potential exists on the control electrodes 15 and 16 than exists on the cathode 14, a negative potential barrier is established between the cathode 14 and the anode 18 whereby beam current is effectively cut ofi".
  • the instant two-member current control electrode configuration requires approximately only half of the potential difference between cathode and control electrode as required using the single control electrode 7.
  • the previously described electrode configurations may be utilized to advantage in controlling many high current density flow devices.
  • the networks for establishing the desired operating potentials on the certain electrodes may be of varied form depending upon the desired objective of the apparatus, for example, modulating, pulse forming, etc.
  • An output tube 21 as, for example, a multicavity klystron amplifier, as described supra, is connected in a first series circuit to a second modulating tube 22 as, for example, a power triode having a plate 23, a cathode 24, and a control grid 25.
  • the plate 23 is connected to a cathode 26 of the power tube 21.
  • a potential divider branch 27 consisting of a first resistor R and a second resistor R is parallel connected with the first series circuit or branch.
  • a tap T of the potential divider branch is connected to the cathode 26 of the power tube 21.
  • One end of the potential divider branch 27 is connected to an accelerating electrode 28 of the power tube 21.
  • the other end of the potential divider branch is. connected to the cathode 24 'of the modulator tube.
  • the accelerating electrode 28 of the power tube 21 is connected to ground.
  • the cathode 24 of the modulator tube is connected to a certain potential which is substantially more negative than ground, for example, 10.5 kv.
  • a current control electrode 29 of the power tube 21 is connected to a potential slightly more positive than the cathode 24 of the modulator tube 22, as of, for example, at l0.0 kv.
  • the control grid 25 of the modulator tube 22 is biased at cutoff.
  • the current flowthrough the potential divider branch 27 establishes a potential on the cathode 26 of the power tube 21 substantially more positive than the potential of its current control electrode 29 as of, for example, 6.5 kv.
  • both the power tube 21 and the modulator tube 22 are biased at cutoff.
  • the only current flowing is through the potential divider branch 27 which establishes the potential of the cathode 26 of the power tube 21.
  • the beam of the modulator tube 22 When a positive going initiating pulse is received at the grid 25 of the modulator tube 22 the beam of the modulator tube 22 is turned on and the modulator tubes effective resistance diminishes to a small amount thereby establishing the cathode 26 of the power tube 21 at a potential slightly higher than the potential of the cathode 24 of the modulator tube 22.
  • the modulator tube is turned on the cathode of the power tube 26 is dropped to approximately -10.0 kv.
  • the potential of the current control electrode 29 of the power tube 21 remains fixed at 10.0 kv.
  • 10.0 kv. exists between the power tubes accelerating electrode 28 and its cathode 26 and no potential barrier exists due to the current control electrode 29.
  • the beam of the power tube 21 is turned on.
  • An RF. signal applied to the input cavity of the power tube 21 is then amplified and propagated to the load.
  • the modulator tube 22 When the end of the positive going initiating pulse arrives at the grid 25 the modulator tube 22 is cut off. This initiates the return of the cathode 26 of the output tube 21 to the voltage divider bias condition, for example, in the instant case, 6.5 kv.
  • the cathode of the power tube 21 reaches a sufliciently more positive potential than its current control electrode 29 which remains at 10.0 kv. the power tube is cut off and the RJF. signal can no longer be amplified and thus the R.F. output pulse is terrninated.
  • V is the instantaneous voltage across the capacitor C
  • V is the applied potential difference in the network
  • t is the time in seconds
  • R is the resistance through which the charge must flow to charge the capacitor C
  • C is the capacitance of the capacitor C
  • the fall time of the beam current pulse varies directly with the resistance through which the capacitor C charging current must flow.
  • the value of R is equal to the resistance of the conducting power tube (r in parallel with the first potential divider resistor R and R
  • the total resistance l 1 1 R1+TDI+RZ 6 but assuming R and R are individually much, much greater than r then R r See FIG. 5 for a graph of certain aforementioned electrode potentials as a function of time.
  • a second novel pulse generating circuit is shown in FIG. 6 wherein the fall time characteristics of the pulse are considerably improved.
  • an output tube 21 as, for example, a high power klystron amplifier is placed in series with a pulse modulating tube 22.
  • a small reference resistor 31 as .of, for example, 70 ohms is interposed in the series circuit between the output tube 21 and the modulating tube 22.
  • a restorer tube 32 having a control grid 33, plate 34, and cathode 35 as, for example, a 4-65A (a tetrode) is provided having the reference resistor 31 series connected in its cathode-to-grid circuit. In this way when full beam current flows through the series branch it will develop a potential drop across the reference resistor 31 which will negatively bias the third tube 32 below cutoff.
  • the plate 34 of the restorer tube 32 is connected to a constant potential source 36 intermediate of the modulator cathodes low potential and ground as, for example, 6.5 kv.
  • the current control electrode 29 of the output tube 21 is set at a certain potential more positive than the cathode 24 of the modulator tube 22 as, for example, 10.0 kv.
  • the accelerating electrode 28 of the output tube 21 may be set at ground potential.
  • the modulator tube 22 is biased at cutoff.
  • a positive going pulse applied to the grid of the modulator tube 22 turns its beam current on and immediately drops the cathode 26 of the output tube 21 to approximately -10.0 kv. This immediately turns on the beam current in the output tube 21.
  • An RF. signal applied to the input cavity is amplified and propagated to the antenna.
  • the modulator tube 22 When the end of the positive going initiating pulse arrives at the grid 25 of the modulator tube 22, the modulator tube 22 again returns to the cutoff state and current through the series branch terminates.
  • the series current stops there is no voltage drop across the reference resistor 31 and thus no negative bias on the grid of the restorer tube 32.
  • the restorer tube 32 draws space current and tends to immediately raise the potential of the cathode 25 of the output tube 21 to the potential of the plate 34 of the third tube 32 (-6.5 kv.).
  • Decreasing the fall time of the beam current pulse likewise cuts the RF. pulse off at a faster rate resulting in the desired short fall time characteristics of the RF. output pulse.
  • a first tube means a second tube means series connected via a DC. connection to said first tube means thereby forming a series branch, an impedance means interposed in the series branch between said first and said second tube means, a third tube means having a plate, a cathode and a grid, said impedance means forming an element in the grid-to-cathode circuit of said third tube means, whereby in use a pulse applied to the second tube means will trigger an output pulse in said first tube means and said third tube means upon the completion of the pulse serves to restore the cathode of said first tube means to a cutoff potential.
  • said first tube means comprises a high power amplifier having an accelerating electrode, a cathode, and a current control electrode; said second tube means comprises a plate, a cathode, and a control electrode; said plate of said second tube means connected to the cathode of said first tube means via a DC.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
US27151A 1956-02-24 1960-05-05 Charged particle flow control apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3210669A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL214772D NL214772A (en(2012)) 1956-02-24
NL215805D NL215805A (en(2012)) 1956-02-24
GB14777/44A GB586973A (en) 1956-02-24 1944-08-02 Improvements relating to plasticized synthetic rubber and methods of making the same
US574503A US2916659A (en) 1956-02-24 1956-03-28 Electron beam forming apparatus
DEV11987A DE1235441B (de) 1956-02-24 1957-02-22 Mit einer Steuerelektrode versehenes Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem fuer Hochleistungslaufzeitroehren
DEV19824A DE1286647B (de) 1956-02-24 1957-02-22 Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem fuer Hochleistungsverstaerkerklystrons
GB6106/57A GB856973A (en) 1956-02-24 1957-02-22 Improvements relating to high frequency electron discharge tubes
DES52897A DE1109796B (de) 1956-02-24 1957-03-27 Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem mit Fokussierungsring fuer Laufzeitroehren
FR1170097D FR1170097A (fr) 1956-02-24 1957-03-27 Dispositif à faisceau d'électrons, notamment pour tubes à modulation de vitesse
US27152A US3183402A (en) 1956-02-24 1960-05-05 Charged particle flow control apparatus with apertured cathode
US27151A US3210669A (en) 1956-02-24 1960-05-05 Charged particle flow control apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US568422A US2943234A (en) 1956-02-24 1956-02-24 Charged particle flow control apparatus
US27151A US3210669A (en) 1956-02-24 1960-05-05 Charged particle flow control apparatus

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Publication Number Publication Date
US3210669A true US3210669A (en) 1965-10-05

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ID=26702134

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US27151A Expired - Lifetime US3210669A (en) 1956-02-24 1960-05-05 Charged particle flow control apparatus

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US (1) US3210669A (en(2012))
DE (3) DE1286647B (en(2012))
FR (1) FR1170097A (en(2012))
GB (2) GB586973A (en(2012))
NL (2) NL215805A (en(2012))

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4629937A (en) * 1984-02-02 1986-12-16 California Institute Of Technology Compact electron gun for emitting high current short duration pulses
DE4032412A1 (de) * 1990-10-12 1992-04-16 Licentia Gmbh Wanderfeldroehre
RU2446505C1 (ru) * 2010-07-13 2012-03-27 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-производственное предприятие "Исток" (ФГУП "НПП "Исток") Способ изготовления катода для свч-прибора
CN106470020A (zh) * 2016-10-17 2017-03-01 北京真空电子技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所） 用于阴极的控制极部件、阴极组件及正交场放大器

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1077864B (de) * 1953-01-14 1960-03-17 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kunstkautschuk-Vulkanisaten oder -Regeneraten
FR2401508A1 (fr) * 1977-06-27 1979-03-23 Commissariat Energie Atomique Injecteur d'electrons pour generateur hyperfrequence

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FR865307A (fr) * 1939-05-03 1941-05-20 Magneti Marelli Spa Disposition pour maintenir constante la polarisation de grille dans les tubes amplificateurs de circuits amplificateurs de puissance
US2392380A (en) * 1942-12-07 1946-01-08 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc High-voltage apparatus
US2438960A (en) * 1940-11-29 1948-04-06 Rca Corp Balanced amplifier
US2470048A (en) * 1946-05-31 1949-05-10 Bendix Aviat Corp Television receiver
US2795654A (en) * 1954-03-02 1957-06-11 James R Macdonald High impedance electronic circuit
US2924740A (en) * 1957-12-13 1960-02-09 Raytheon Co Electronic systems

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BE442068A (en(2012)) * 1940-07-03
FR876469A (fr) * 1941-06-24 1942-11-06 Csf Perfectionnements aux circuits de tubes à modulation de vitesse
DE895481C (de) * 1941-08-20 1953-11-02 Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Elektromagnetische Zylinderlinse
GB729812A (en) * 1949-09-22 1955-05-11 Sperry Corp Improvements in or relating to high-frequency electron-discharge tubes
FR1102594A (fr) * 1954-04-08 1955-10-24 Csf Perfectionnements aux tubes à ondes progressives de structure cylindrique rectiligne
FR1115157A (fr) * 1954-11-29 1956-04-20 Csf Ligne à retard pour tubes à ondes progressives

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR865307A (fr) * 1939-05-03 1941-05-20 Magneti Marelli Spa Disposition pour maintenir constante la polarisation de grille dans les tubes amplificateurs de circuits amplificateurs de puissance
US2438960A (en) * 1940-11-29 1948-04-06 Rca Corp Balanced amplifier
US2392380A (en) * 1942-12-07 1946-01-08 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc High-voltage apparatus
US2470048A (en) * 1946-05-31 1949-05-10 Bendix Aviat Corp Television receiver
US2795654A (en) * 1954-03-02 1957-06-11 James R Macdonald High impedance electronic circuit
US2924740A (en) * 1957-12-13 1960-02-09 Raytheon Co Electronic systems

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4629937A (en) * 1984-02-02 1986-12-16 California Institute Of Technology Compact electron gun for emitting high current short duration pulses
DE4032412A1 (de) * 1990-10-12 1992-04-16 Licentia Gmbh Wanderfeldroehre
RU2446505C1 (ru) * 2010-07-13 2012-03-27 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-производственное предприятие "Исток" (ФГУП "НПП "Исток") Способ изготовления катода для свч-прибора
CN106470020A (zh) * 2016-10-17 2017-03-01 北京真空电子技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所） 用于阴极的控制极部件、阴极组件及正交场放大器
CN106470020B (zh) * 2016-10-17 2023-10-13 北京真空电子技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所） 用于阴极的控制极部件、阴极组件及正交场放大器

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Publication number Publication date
NL214772A (en(2012))
NL215805A (en(2012))
DE1109796B (de) 1961-06-29
GB856973A (en) 1960-12-21
DE1235441B (de) 1967-03-02
FR1170097A (fr) 1959-01-08
DE1286647B (de) 1969-01-09
GB586973A (en) 1947-04-09

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