US3207936A - Electron beam display device - Google Patents

Electron beam display device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3207936A
US3207936A US132915A US13291561A US3207936A US 3207936 A US3207936 A US 3207936A US 132915 A US132915 A US 132915A US 13291561 A US13291561 A US 13291561A US 3207936 A US3207936 A US 3207936A
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Prior art keywords
face plate
envelope
glass
body portion
electron beam
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US132915A
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William H Wilbanks
Robert H Johnson
Chan H Wang
Frank C Erzen
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Tektronix Inc
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Tektronix Inc
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Priority to NL276162D priority Critical patent/NL276162A/xx
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Priority to US132915A priority patent/US3207936A/en
Priority to DE19621439585 priority patent/DE1439585B2/en
Priority to GB8896/62A priority patent/GB988154A/en
Priority to FR894156A priority patent/FR1323140A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/10—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes
    • H01J31/12—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes with luminescent screen
    • H01J31/121—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes with luminescent screen tubes for oscillography
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/20—Uniting glass pieces by fusing without substantial reshaping
    • C03B23/207—Uniting glass rods, glass tubes, or hollow glassware
    • C03B23/217—Uniting glass rods, glass tubes, or hollow glassware for the production of cathode ray tubes or similarly shaped tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
    • C03C3/07—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead
    • C03C3/072—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron
    • C03C3/074—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron containing zinc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
    • H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
    • H01B3/08—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances quartz; glass; glass wool; slag wool; vitreous enamels
    • H01B3/087—Chemical composition of glass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/18—Luminescent screens
    • H01J29/185—Luminescent screens measures against halo-phenomena
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/18—Luminescent screens
    • H01J29/24—Supports for luminescent material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/18—Luminescent screens
    • H01J29/28—Luminescent screens with protective, conductive or reflective layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/18—Luminescent screens
    • H01J29/34—Luminescent screens provided with permanent marks or references
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
    • H01J29/88—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/92—Means forming part of the tube for the purpose of providing electrical connection to it
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
    • H01J9/26—Sealing together parts of vessels
    • H01J9/263—Sealing together parts of vessels specially adapted for cathode-ray tubes

Definitions

  • the subject matter of the present invention relates in general to improvements in electron beam display devices, and specifically includes improved envelope structure for such display devices.
  • the envelope structure of the present invention is particularly useful in a cathode ray tube type of display device, such as that employed in a cathode ray oscilloscope, so that it will be described in detail with reference thereto.
  • the envelope structure of the present invention includes: an envelope having a body portion made of ceramic material with one end of such body portion having a hollow cross-section substantially in the shape of a rectangle, and a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a substantially flat rectangular plate of a shape conforming to that of such one end of such body portion and attached to such one end of such body portion by a seal portion made of a glass frit material having a thermal coeflicient of expansion similar to and a softening temperature below that of such ceramic and such transparent glass; a resistance coating of noncarbon refractory material on the inner surface of such ceramic body portion of such envelope, which may have a varying thickness and a graduated resistance per square and be electrically connected tofunction as a post deflection acceleration anode electrode; and a graticule scale provided on the inner surface of such flat face plate portion of such envelope so that such graticule can be illuminated by Light projecting into such face plate portion through the edge surrounding the periphery thereof.
  • cathode ray tubes are formed with envelopes made entirely of glass having circular or rectangular face plates supporting the fluorescent screens thereof. These circular face plate cathode ray tubes take up much unnecessary space in a cathode ray oscilloscope because the upper and lower portions of the circular fluorescent screen are seldom if ever used to reproduce the electrical signal wave form under investigation. It is difficult .to make a glass envelope with a rectangular shape because the side Walls tend to deform inwardly during high temperature evacuation and cracks form at corners having a small radius of curvature, due to stress within the glass.
  • the conventional glass envelopes are shaped to provide a molded rectangular face plate the corners of .the rectangular funnel portion must be made of greatly increased thickness for strength which also cuts down on the usable surface area of such face plate.
  • the molded glass face plates of conventional cathode ray tubes are curved rather than flat and as a result require an additional flat, external graticule plate placed in contact with the external surface of the face plate in order to provide an edge-lighted graticule for determining the relative dimensions of the wave form under investigation.
  • This curved face plate and its external graticule result in a distortion of the wave form image and in parallax of the graticule scale image, as viewed by a camera or directly by a human observer.
  • conventional cathode ray tubes are provided with a resistance coating of aquadag or other low oxidation temperature carbon material on the interior surface of the body portion of the envelope, which in some instances is connected to function merely as an extension of the second anode in the electron gun and 3,207,936 Patented Sept. 21, 1965 in other cases as a post acceleration anode to increase the velocity of the electron beam after deflection of such beam by the electrical signal under examination.
  • the post acceleration anode has been provided in the form of either a plurality of spaced, insulated, uniform thickness coating portions with each of such coating portions at difierent potentials, or a single uniform thickness coating in the shape of a helix, to produce an electrical potential gradient of increasing magnitude from the electron gun to the fluorescent screen of the cathode ray tube.
  • these conventional multi-portion and helical resistance coatings do not allow uniform acceleration of the electron beam and do not provide a uniform electric field within a given cross-section of the tube, respectively.
  • the carbon material of such coatings oxidizes if high temperature is used during the bake out evacuation process, as is necessary for eflicient out-gassing to remove absorbed gases in the cathode ray tube.
  • an envelope with a ceramic body portion provides the envelope with suflicient strength so that it may be made of a thin, substantially uniform, wall thickness with one end having a hollow cross-section in the shape of a rectangle which may be sealed to a transparent glass face plate in the form of a flat plate of the same configuration as such body cross-section by means of a glass frit seal having a thermal coefficient of expansion substantially the same as, and a softening temperature substantially below, that of such ceramic and transparent glass in order to eliminate the wasted space of conventional glass tubes.
  • the graticule scale may be provided directly on the interior surface of the fla-t face plate which can be edge-lighted, to eliminate the graticule image parallax and wave shape image distortion of conventional tubes.
  • the post acceleration anode coating may be made of non-carbon refractory material so that high temperature evacuation is possible, and such coating may be formed with a variable thickness which decreases in value from the end of the coating farthest from the face plate toward the end nearest the face plate so that the resistance per square of such coating increases in the same direction.
  • This graduated resistance coating may completely cover the interior surface of the ceramic body portion from one end of such coating to the other end thereof and thereby provides a more uniform electric field within a given cross-section and allows more uniform acceleration of the electron beam.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide an improved electron beam display device employing an envelope portion made of ceramic material.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved electron beam display device having an envelope including a body portion of ceramic material with one end having a hollow cross-section in the shape of a right-angle parallelogram, a face plate portion of transparent glass material in the form of a fiat plate having the shape of a right-angle parallelogram corresponding to that of such body end cross-section, and a seal portion of a material having a thermal coefiicient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature substantially below, that of such ceramic and such transparent glass attaching such face plate portion to such body portion.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an improved cathode ray tube having a graticule scale formed on the inner surface of a substantially flat, transparent glass face plate portion of the envelope of such cathode ray tube upon which the fluorescent screen thereof is supported over such graticule scale, such face plate being adapted to transmit light through the edge surrounding the periphery thereof into such face plate in order to illuminate such graticule.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved cathode ray tube having an anode coating of electrical resistance material, containing Cr O Fe O TiO and ceramic material, upon the internal surface of a portion of the envelope of such tube.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved cathode ray tube having an envelope with an electrical resistance coating of non-carbon refractory material upon the interior surface of the funnelshaped body portion of such envelope so that the thickness of such coating varies with distance from the face plateportion of such envelope by increasing in magnitude from an end nearest to such face plate toward an end farthest from such face plate so that the resistance per square of such coating decreases in the same direction away from such face plate, and such coating is connected to provide an electrical potential gradient so that such coating functions as a post deflection acceleration anode to accelerate the electron beam in such cathode ray tube toward such face plate.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide an improved envelope for use in a cathode ray tube including a glass neck portion in the shape of ahollow circular cylinder, a ceramic body portion having one end of a hollow circular cross-section sealed to such stem portion by a glass frit material with a thermal coefiicient of expansion substantially the same as, and a softening temperature substantially below, that of such ceramic body and such glass stem and having a second end with a hollow cross-section in the shape of a rectangle, and a face plate portion of transparent glass in the form of a fiat plate conforming to the shape of such second end of such body portion and sealed to such second end by a glass frit material having a thermal coeflicient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature substantially below, that of such ceramic body and such glass face plate.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of one embodiment of a cathode ray tube made in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial top view of the cathode ray tube of FIG. 1 with a portion of the envelope broken away;
  • FIG. 3 is a front view taken along the line 33 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of part of a glass-to-ceramic seal in the cathode ray tube envelope of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view taken along the line 66 of FIG. 3 showing one embodiment of the graticule
  • FIG. 7 is a partial view of FIG. 6 showing another embodiment of the graticule
  • FIG. 8 is a partial side view of another embodiment of a cathode ray tube made in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a top view of the cathode ray tube of FIG. 8 with portions of the envelope broken away;
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of the cathode ray tube of FIG. 8 taken along the line 1010;
  • FIG. 11 is a partial sectional view taken along the line 1111 of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing the resistance characteristic of the graduated resistance coating used in the cathode ray tube of FIGS. 8 to 11.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 disclose a cathode ray tube having a hollow, evacuated envelope 10 of electrical insulating material including a funnel-shaped body portion 12, a flat face plate portion 14 and a cylindrical stem portion 16.
  • the envelope 10 contains a conventional electron gun and conventional electrostatic de fiection plates (not shown) inside the stem portion 16 with electrical leads 18 connected to the horizontal and vertical deflection plates extending through a conventional flame seal 20 joining two cylindrical members which form such stem portion.
  • Other electrical leads 22 connected to the electron gun electrodes extend through the end of stem portion 16 remote from body portion 12 so that they are supported in a socket 24 of insulating material mounted on the rear end of envelope 10.
  • the envelope body portion 12 is made of ceramic insulating material in the shape of a tapered funnel formed of a cone frustrum joined to a rectangular cylinder, and has a smaller end with a hollow circular cross-section attached to the stem portion 16 and a larger end with a hollow rectangular cross-section attached to the face plate 14 supporting fluorescent screen 25 of the cathode ray tube.
  • a resistance coating 26 of substantially uniform thickness may be provided on the internal surface of envelope body portion 12, as shown in FIG. 2, which is electrically connected to the second anode in the electron gun to serve as an extension of such anode and provides a substantially uniform electrical field within such body portion 12 for the electron beam of the mono-acceleration type cathode ray tube.
  • a pair of thin layers 28 and 30 of silver, or similar conducting material, may be coated over each end of resistance coating 26 for a short distance to define with regularity the outline of the effective anode formed thereby and to provide a good electrical connectio thereto from the second anode through a spring support member 31 as shown in FIG. 5.
  • This uniform resistance coating 26 may be made of conventional low temperature material, such as aquadag or other carbon material, or it may be composed of the non-carbon, refractory material hereafter described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 11.
  • the face plate 14 may be made of a clear transparent glass material in the form of a substantially flat rectangular plate having a shape, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, conforming to that of the larger end of ceramic body portion 12 to which it is attached.
  • a graticule scale 32 may be provided on the inner surface of the face plate 14 by printing lines of glass frit thereon and fusing such frit lines onto the face plate before the layer of phosphor material forming fluorescent screen 25 is applied to such surface over such graticule scale, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the graticule lines may be chemically etched or mechanically scribed as notches 33 in the surface of the face plate, as shown in FIG. 7, or they may be applied as a paint of light reflecting material. This use of a separate flat face plate 14 enables the phosphor layer 25 and the graticule scale 32 to be applied to such face plate before it is sealed to the envelope body portion 12 so that it can be more easily processed than when a conventional all glass tube is used.
  • the graticule scale 32 may be edge-lighted with a light source positioned adjacent a portion of the edge surrounding the periphery of the face plate 14 so that sulficient light is transmitted through such edge portion into such face plate to illuminate the graticule lines.
  • a flange member 34 of clear transparent plastic or similar material in the form of a flat, square plate may be attached to such face plate edge by a transparent epoxy resin glue or the like so that such flange member functions as a light guide to efliciently transmit light from the light source into the edge of the face plate.
  • This flange member 34 may be provided with two U-shaped notches 36 and 38 in the upper external edge portion thereof to accommodate two light bulbs, and with a conventional coating of light reflecting material (not shown), such as aluminum, silver or white enamel, on the remainder of the external edge of such flange member exclusive of such notches. Also, it may be desirable to provide such a light reflecting coating on the edge of the face plate 14 when flange member 36 is not used.
  • the flat glass face plate 14 may be attached to the rectangular end of ceramic body portion 12 by means of a vacuum tight seal 40 surrounding fluorescent screen 25 to form the butt joint shown in FIG. 6.
  • This seal 40 may be made of a glass frit having a thermal coeflicient of expansion approximately the same as that of the ceramic in body portion 12 and the glass in face plate 14 and a softening or sealing temperature substantially below that of such ceramic and such glass.
  • Another glass frit seal 42 similar to seal 40, may be provided to form the butt joint between the circular end of ceramic body portion 12 and glass stem portion 16 of the envelope, as shown in FIG. 5, since the glass material of such stem portion may be the same as that of the face plate 14.
  • Any suitable glass and ceramic system may be used having the above discussed characteristics.
  • the body portion 12 may be made of forsterite ceramic having a composition by weight of approximately:
  • the face plate portion 14 and the stem portion 16 may be made of soda lime glass or common lead glass commercially available from Corning Glass Works as Corning No. 0080 and No. 0120, respectively.
  • This soda lime glass has a composition by weight of approximately:
  • the glass frit of seals 40 and 42 may be made of a devitrifiable glass, such as the lead-zinc-borate type glass disclosed in US. Patent No. 2,889,952, issued to S. A. Claypoole on June 9, 1959, having a thermal coeflicient of expansion similar to that of the forsterite ceramic of approximately 93 10-' per C. within the temperature range of 25 to 450 C. and a low softening temperature on the order of 420 to 450 C.
  • a devitrifiable glass is commercially available from Corning Glass Works as Pyroceram Cement No. 7572 and may be applied as seals 40 and 42 in the manner disclosed in the above patent.
  • this devitrified glass is often referred to as a glass-ceramic because it possesses similar characteristics to both of these classes of materials.
  • glass frit is defined herein as including such a devitrified glass throughout the present application.
  • ceramic material is hereby define-d as distinguishing from glass in that the former is a crystalline material while the latter is a supercooled liquid, noncrystalline material.
  • FIGS. 8 to 11 Another embodiment of a cathode ray tube made in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIGS. 8 to 11.
  • This post acceleration type of cathode ray tube is similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 except the uniform resistance coating 26 is replaced by a graduated resistance coating 44 of varying thickness on the inner surface of a funnel-shaped envelope body portions 46 having a different configuration than body portion 12, including parabolic curved side walls.
  • a different shaped face plate 48 without the flange member light guide 34 is provided of rectangular configuration but with a smaller height dimension so that the graticule scale 32 is 6 cm. by 10 cm., rather than 8 cm. by 10 cm. as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the graduated resistance coating 44 varies in thickness by decreasing in magnitude from a maximum at the end thereof adjacent the stem portion 16 to a minimum at the end adjacent the face plate 48 which results in the resistance per square of such coating increasing in the same direction from a minimum near stem portion 16 to a maximum near face plate 48.
  • the end of this graduated resistance coating 44 adjacent stem portion 16 of the envelope is connected to the second anode of the electron gun in the same manner as uniform resistance coating 26 by means of the spring member 31 and conductive coating 28 shown in FIG. 5, While the other end of such graduated resistance coating adjacent face plate 48 is connected to a source of greater positive DC. voltage than such second anode by means of an electrical connector 50 extending through a hole in envelope body portion 46.
  • an electrical potential gradient is established along the surface of graduated resistance coating 44 so that such resistance coating functions as a post deflection acceleration anode which increases the velocity of the electron beam after its deflection by the electrical signals applied to the electrostatic deflection plates, so that such electron beam increases in velocity after deflection as it travels along such resistance coating toward face plate 48 and produces a higher intensity light image on fluorescent screen without decreasing the deflection sensitivity of the tube.
  • the electrical connector 50 may be in the form of a solid plug 52 made of ceramic material similar to that of envelope portion 46 and having a coating 54 of electrically conducting material, such as silver, on the external surface thereof.
  • This coated plug may be inserted into a hole made in envelope portion 46 adjacent conductive coating and secured to such body portion by a vacuum tight seal 56 in the form of a glass frit, which may have a composition similar to that of the material used in seals and 42 of this post acceleration cathode ray tube, or it may be made of a different material suitable for the metal to ceramic seal.
  • An additional silver coating 58 may be applied over the end of plug 52 after it is attached to the envelope portion 46 making contact between conductive coating 54 and conductive coating 30 to prevent the glass frit 56 from insulating coating 54 from coating 30.
  • the body portion 46 of the envelope may be made of an alumina ceramic having a composition by weight of approximately:
  • the stem portion 16 and the face plate portion 48 of the envelope may be formed of a zirconium silicate glass such as that commercially available from Corning Glass Works under Corning No. 7280 having a composition by weight of approximately:
  • This new undevitrifiable glass has a sealing temperature on the order of 760 to 788 C. and a thermal coefficient of expansion of approximately 65 l0-' cm./cm. per C. at 25 to 450 C. temperature.
  • the graduated resistance coating 44 should have a resistance characteristic similar to that of the theoretical ideal curve 60 in FIG. 12.
  • This curve is a plot of percent of the total resistance of coating 44 verses the distance in inches from its face plate end measured from coating 30. Note that in the region of to 1 inch there is a resistance change of about 17% while in the region of 7 to 8 inches there is a resistance change of only about 7%. Therefore, the theoretical ideal resistance per square of coating 44 decreases from a maximum value near face plate 48 to a minimum value near stem portion 16. Since thickness varies inversely with resistance, the theoretical ideal thickness of coating 44 increases from a minimum value near face plate 48 to a maximum value near stem portion 16.
  • curve 60 merely represents the theoretical ideal characteristic of graduated resistance coating 44 and that operable coatings may have actual characteristic curves which deviate by several percent above or below such ideal curve. Also, the total resistance of resistance coating 44 may be anywhere between 100 and 2000 megohms for operable tubes and this total resistance is represented on the graph by the 100% resistance point.
  • This graduated resistance coating 44 may be formed of conventional materials, such as aquadag or other carbon materials. However, it has been found that such carbon coatings are damaged by the high temperature used in the out-gassing process so that they are unsuitable when extremely high temperatures are used, as is necessary for efiicient removal of the absorbed gases.
  • the material of graduated resistance coating r 44 or uniform resistance coating 26 should be a noncarbon, refractory material which does not oxidize or melt at extremely high temperatures. Such a material believed to be heretofore unknown has been discovered.
  • This new resistance material has composition by weight of approximately:
  • this new resistance coating may be considered basically a mixture of two different materials which are (1) a conducting material formed by the first three compounds listed-totalling 40% and (2) a ceramic material consisting of the last four compounds listedtotalling 60%.
  • This resistance film may be applied by any conventional spraying method and then heated to fuse it to the envelope wall.
  • the stem portion 16 may be formed integrally with the body portions 12 and 46 so that it too can be made of ceramic material.
  • the face plate end of such envelope body portion may be made of any desirable configuration to provide a hollow cross-section of any convenient shape including a right-angle parallelogram in the form of a square or rectangle, and the face plates attached thereto may likewise be formed of any convenient shape.
  • the light guide flange 34 may be formed integrally with the face plate so that it too is made of glass, or it can be eliminated entirely.
  • the butt joints formed by seals 40 and 42 may be of a different type, for example, seal 42 may be in the form of a slip joint. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined only by the following claims.
  • An electron beam display device comprising:
  • an envelope having a hollow body portion made of ceramic material, a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a substantially flat plate shaped to conform to one end of said body portion,
  • seal portion attaching said face plate portion to said one end of said body portion with said seal portion being made of fused glass material different from said transparent glass but having a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to that of said ceramic and said transparent glass;
  • a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material supported on the flat inner surface of said glass face plate portion inside said envelope;
  • An electron beam display device comprising:
  • an envelope having a body portion made of ceramic material in the shape of a hollow funnel with the larger end of said body portion being of a substantially right-angle parallelogram configuration, a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a substantially fiat plate shaped to conform to said larger end of said body portion, and a seal portion attaching said face plate portion to said larger end of said body portion with said seal portion being made of a fused glass frit material different from that of said transparent glass but having a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to that of said ceramic and said transparent glass;
  • a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material supported on the flat inner surface of said glass face plate portion inside said envelope;
  • An electronbearn display device comprising:
  • an envelope having a body portion made of ceramic material with one end of said body portion being of a substantially rectangular hollow cross-section, and a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a fiat plate of a shape substantially conforming to that of said cross-section and attached to said one end of said body portion by a seal portion made of a fused glass frit material having thermal coefficient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature below, that of said ceramic and said transparent glass;
  • a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material on the flat inner surface of said glass face plate portion inside said envelope;
  • a coating of electrical resistance material on the inner surface of said ceramic body portion of said envelope having a variable thickness which increases in value from the end nearest to said face plate toward the end farthest from said face plate so that the resistance per square of said coating decreases in the same direction, and connected to function as a post deflection acceleration anode by providing an electrical potential gradient of increasing magnitude for the electron beam in said display device as it approaches said face plate;
  • An electron beam display device comprising:
  • an envelope having a body portion made of ceramic material with one end of said body portion being of a substantially rectangular configuration, and a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the shape of a substantially flat rectangular plate attached to said rectangular end of said body portion by a seal portion made of a fused glass frit material having a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature below, that of said ceramic and said transparent glass;
  • a graticule scale formed by a plurality of straight lines intersecting at right angles on the inner surface of said face plate portion inside said envelope;
  • a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material on the inner surface of said face plate over said graticule scale
  • means for projecting light into said face plate portion through the edge surrounding the periphery thereof in order to illuminate said graticule scale including a plastic flange member attached at its inner edge to said edge of said face plate so that said flange member may function as a light guide to transmit light from an external source into said face plate;
  • An electron beam display device comprising:
  • an envelope having a hollow body portion made of ceramic material with one end formed as a rectangular cylinder joined to the other end of said body portion formed in the shape of the frustrum of a cone, a tubular stern portion made of glass in the shape of a circular cylinder attached to said other end of said body portion by a first seal of fused glass material different from the stem glass but having a thermal coeflicient of expansion similar to that of said ceramic and said stern glass, and a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a substantially flat plate shaped to conform to said one end of said body portion and attached to said one end of said body portion by a second seal made of fused glass material different from the face plate but having a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to that of said ceramic and said face plate glass;
  • a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material supported on the flat inner surface of said glass face plate portion inside said envelope;
  • a source of electrons positioned within said envelope 10 at one end thereof remote from said face plate; means to accelerate said electrons and to focus said electrons into an electron beam; and
  • An electron beam display device comprising:
  • an envelope having a body portion made of ceramic material with one end of said body portion being of a substantially rectangular hollow cross-section, and a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a flat plate of a shape substantially conforming to that of said cross-section and attached to said one end of said body portion by a seal portion made of a fused glass frit material having thermal coeflicient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature below, that of said ceramic and said transparent glass;
  • a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material on the flat inner surface of said glass face plate portion inside said envelope;
  • a coating of electrical resistance material on the inner surface of said ceramic body portion of said envelope having a variable thickness which increases in value from the end nearest to said face plate toward the end farthest from said face plate so that the resistance per square of said coating decreases in the same direction, and connected to function as a post deflection acceleration anode by providing an electrical potential gradient of increasing magnitude for the electron beam in said display device as it approaches said face plate;
  • means to connect said resistance coating as a post acceleration anode to a source of electrical potential including a conducting layer of electrically conducting material of uniform thickness on said envelope body portion over said end of said resistance coating nearest said face plate, and a plug of ceramic material provided with a coating of conducting material, sealed in a hole through said envelope body portion at a position adjacent said conducting layer so that the conducting coating on said plug makes electrical contact with said conducting layer;
  • An electron beam display device comprising:
  • an envelope having a body portion made of ceramic material with one end of said body portion being of a substantially rectangular hollow cross-section, and a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a flat plate of a shape substantially conforming to that of said cross-section and attached to said one end of said body portion by a seal portion made of a fused glass frit material having thermal coefficient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature below, that of said ceramic and said transparent glass;
  • a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material on the flat inner surface of said glass face plate portion inside said envelope;
  • An envelope for use in an electron beam display device comprising:
  • a body portion made of ceramic material and having one end of a hollow cross-section substantially in the shape of a right-angle parallelogram;
  • a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the form of a thin, flat plate having sides substantially corresponding in shape to said one end of said body portion with a graticule formed on the surface of one of said sides;
  • a seal portion made of a fused glass material different from said transparent glass but having a thermal coefiicient of expansion similar to that of said transparent glass and said ceramic, attaching said face plate portion to said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope.
  • An envelope for use in a cathode ray tube comprising:
  • a body portion made of ceramic material in the shape of a funnel and having its larger end of a substantially rectangular cross-section;
  • a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the shape of a substantially flat rectangular plate with a graticule formed on the surface of one side thereof;
  • seal portion of fused glass frit material different from said transparent glass but having a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to that of said ceramic and said transparent glass, said seal portion attaching said face plate portion to said larger end of said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope;
  • An envelope for use in a cathode ray tube comprising:
  • a body portion made of ceramic material and having one end of a substantially rectangular hollow crosssection
  • a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the shape of a substantially flat rectangular plate with a graticule formed by fused glass lines coated on the surface of one side thereof;
  • seal portion made of a fused glass frit material having a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature below, that of said transparent glass and said ceramic, said seal portion attaching said face plate portion to said one end of said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope;
  • An envelope for use in a cathode ray tube comprising:
  • a body portion made of ceramic material and having one end of a substantially rectangular hollow crosssection
  • a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the shape of a substantially fiat rectangular plate 12 with a graticule formed by notches in the surface of one side thereof;
  • a seal portion formed by a fused glass frit material different from said transparent glass, attaching said face plate portion to said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope;
  • An envelope for use in a cathode ray tube comprising:
  • a body portion made of ceramic material in the shape of a funnel and having its larger end of a substantially rectangular cross-section;
  • a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the shape of a substantially flat rectangular plate with a graticule formed on the surface of one side thereof;
  • means for projecting light into said face plate portion through the edge surrounding the periphery thereof in order to illuminate said graticule including a transparent plastic flange member attached at its inner edge to said edge of said face plate so that said flange member may function as a light guide to transmit light from a remote external light source into said face plate.
  • An envelope for use in an electron beam display device comprising:
  • a body portion made of ceramic material and having one end of a hollow cross-section substantially in the shape of a right-angle parallelogram;
  • a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the form of a thin, flat plate having sides substantially corresponding in shape to said one end of said body portion with a graticule formed on the surface of one of said sides;
  • a seal portion made of a fused glass material containing PbO, A1 0 SiO B 0 and ZnO, having a termal coeflicient of expansion similar to, and a sealing tem perature substantially below, that of said transparent glass and said ceramic, attaching said face plate portion to said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope.
  • An envelope for use in an electron beam display device comprising:
  • a body portion made of ceramic material and having one end of a hollow cross-section substantially in the shape of a right-angle parallelogram;
  • a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the form of a thin, flat plate having sides substantially corresponding in shape to said one end of said body portion;
  • a first seal portion made of a fused glass frit different from said transparent glass but having a termal coeflicient of expansion similar to that of said transparent glass and said ceramic, said first seal portion attaching said face plate portion to said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope;

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Description

p 1965 w. H. WILBANKS ETAL 3,207,936
ELECTRON BEAM DISPLAY DEVICE Filed Aug. 21, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet l RESISTANCE DISTANCE FROM COATING 30 (IN INCHES) F lg. I2
WVEA/TORS. WILLIAM H. WILBANKS ROBERT H. JOHNSON CHAN H WANG FRANK C. ERZEN B Y BUCKHORN, CHEA THAM a BLORE AT TORNE Y5 Sept. 21, 1965 w. H. WILBANKS ETAL 3,207,936
ELECTRON BEAM DISPLAY DEVICE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 21, 1961 s N HMO w m IH m mw V .J
H AE W HW.
MR K
L E NN WRCF Fig. IO
BUCKHORN, CHEATHAM 8 BLORE ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,207,936 ELECTRON BEAM DISPLAY DEVICE William H. Wilbanks and Robert H. Johnson, Hillshoro,
and Chan H. Wang and Frank C. Erzen, Portland,
Greg, assignors to Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, Greg,
a corporation of Oregon Filed Aug. 21, 1961, Ser. No. 132,915 16 Claims. (Cl. 31375) The subject matter of the present invention relates in general to improvements in electron beam display devices, and specifically includes improved envelope structure for such display devices.
The envelope structure of the present invention is particularly useful in a cathode ray tube type of display device, such as that employed in a cathode ray oscilloscope, so that it will be described in detail with reference thereto.
Briefly the envelope structure of the present invention includes: an envelope having a body portion made of ceramic material with one end of such body portion having a hollow cross-section substantially in the shape of a rectangle, and a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a substantially flat rectangular plate of a shape conforming to that of such one end of such body portion and attached to such one end of such body portion by a seal portion made of a glass frit material having a thermal coeflicient of expansion similar to and a softening temperature below that of such ceramic and such transparent glass; a resistance coating of noncarbon refractory material on the inner surface of such ceramic body portion of such envelope, which may have a varying thickness and a graduated resistance per square and be electrically connected tofunction as a post deflection acceleration anode electrode; and a graticule scale provided on the inner surface of such flat face plate portion of such envelope so that such graticule can be illuminated by Light projecting into such face plate portion through the edge surrounding the periphery thereof.
Conventional cathode ray tubes are formed with envelopes made entirely of glass having circular or rectangular face plates supporting the fluorescent screens thereof. These circular face plate cathode ray tubes take up much unnecessary space in a cathode ray oscilloscope because the upper and lower portions of the circular fluorescent screen are seldom if ever used to reproduce the electrical signal wave form under investigation. It is difficult .to make a glass envelope with a rectangular shape because the side Walls tend to deform inwardly during high temperature evacuation and cracks form at corners having a small radius of curvature, due to stress within the glass. Therefore, when the conventional glass envelopes are shaped to provide a molded rectangular face plate the corners of .the rectangular funnel portion must be made of greatly increased thickness for strength which also cuts down on the usable surface area of such face plate. Also, the molded glass face plates of conventional cathode ray tubes are curved rather than flat and as a result require an additional flat, external graticule plate placed in contact with the external surface of the face plate in order to provide an edge-lighted graticule for determining the relative dimensions of the wave form under investigation. This curved face plate and its external graticule result in a distortion of the wave form image and in parallax of the graticule scale image, as viewed by a camera or directly by a human observer.
In addition, conventional cathode ray tubes are provided with a resistance coating of aquadag or other low oxidation temperature carbon material on the interior surface of the body portion of the envelope, which in some instances is connected to function merely as an extension of the second anode in the electron gun and 3,207,936 Patented Sept. 21, 1965 in other cases as a post acceleration anode to increase the velocity of the electron beam after deflection of such beam by the electrical signal under examination. Heretofore, the post acceleration anode has been provided in the form of either a plurality of spaced, insulated, uniform thickness coating portions with each of such coating portions at difierent potentials, or a single uniform thickness coating in the shape of a helix, to produce an electrical potential gradient of increasing magnitude from the electron gun to the fluorescent screen of the cathode ray tube. However, these conventional multi-portion and helical resistance coatings do not allow uniform acceleration of the electron beam and do not provide a uniform electric field within a given cross-section of the tube, respectively. Also, the carbon material of such coatings oxidizes if high temperature is used during the bake out evacuation process, as is necessary for eflicient out-gassing to remove absorbed gases in the cathode ray tube.
The above discussed disadvantages of conventional cathode ray tubes are overcome by the envelope structure of the present invention. Thus, the use of an envelope with a ceramic body portion provides the envelope with suflicient strength so that it may be made of a thin, substantially uniform, wall thickness with one end having a hollow cross-section in the shape of a rectangle which may be sealed to a transparent glass face plate in the form of a flat plate of the same configuration as such body cross-section by means of a glass frit seal having a thermal coefficient of expansion substantially the same as, and a softening temperature substantially below, that of such ceramic and transparent glass in order to eliminate the wasted space of conventional glass tubes. The graticule scale may be provided directly on the interior surface of the fla-t face plate which can be edge-lighted, to eliminate the graticule image parallax and wave shape image distortion of conventional tubes. Also, the post acceleration anode coating may be made of non-carbon refractory material so that high temperature evacuation is possible, and such coating may be formed with a variable thickness which decreases in value from the end of the coating farthest from the face plate toward the end nearest the face plate so that the resistance per square of such coating increases in the same direction. This graduated resistance coating may completely cover the interior surface of the ceramic body portion from one end of such coating to the other end thereof and thereby provides a more uniform electric field within a given cross-section and allows more uniform acceleration of the electron beam.
Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide an improved electron beam display device employing an envelope portion made of ceramic material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved electron beam display device having an envelope including a body portion of ceramic material with one end having a hollow cross-section in the shape of a right-angle parallelogram, a face plate portion of transparent glass material in the form of a fiat plate having the shape of a right-angle parallelogram corresponding to that of such body end cross-section, and a seal portion of a material having a thermal coefiicient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature substantially below, that of such ceramic and such transparent glass attaching such face plate portion to such body portion.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved cathode ray tube having a graticule scale formed on the inner surface of a substantially flat, transparent glass face plate portion of the envelope of such cathode ray tube upon which the fluorescent screen thereof is supported over such graticule scale, such face plate being adapted to transmit light through the edge surrounding the periphery thereof into such face plate in order to illuminate such graticule.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved cathode ray tube having an anode coating of electrical resistance material, containing Cr O Fe O TiO and ceramic material, upon the internal surface of a portion of the envelope of such tube.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved cathode ray tube having an envelope with an electrical resistance coating of non-carbon refractory material upon the interior surface of the funnelshaped body portion of such envelope so that the thickness of such coating varies with distance from the face plateportion of such envelope by increasing in magnitude from an end nearest to such face plate toward an end farthest from such face plate so that the resistance per square of such coating decreases in the same direction away from such face plate, and such coating is connected to provide an electrical potential gradient so that such coating functions as a post deflection acceleration anode to accelerate the electron beam in such cathode ray tube toward such face plate.
A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved envelope for use in a cathode ray tube including a glass neck portion in the shape of ahollow circular cylinder, a ceramic body portion having one end of a hollow circular cross-section sealed to such stem portion by a glass frit material with a thermal coefiicient of expansion substantially the same as, and a softening temperature substantially below, that of such ceramic body and such glass stem and having a second end with a hollow cross-section in the shape of a rectangle, and a face plate portion of transparent glass in the form of a fiat plate conforming to the shape of such second end of such body portion and sealed to such second end by a glass frit material having a thermal coeflicient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature substantially below, that of such ceramic body and such glass face plate.
Additional objects and advantages of the present invention Will become apparent after referring to the following detailed description of certain preferred embodiments thereof and to the attached drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a side view of one embodiment of a cathode ray tube made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial top view of the cathode ray tube of FIG. 1 with a portion of the envelope broken away;
FIG. 3 is a front view taken along the line 33 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of part of a glass-to-ceramic seal in the cathode ray tube envelope of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view taken along the line 66 of FIG. 3 showing one embodiment of the graticule;
FIG. 7 is a partial view of FIG. 6 showing another embodiment of the graticule;
FIG. 8 is a partial side view of another embodiment of a cathode ray tube made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a top view of the cathode ray tube of FIG. 8 with portions of the envelope broken away;
FIG. 10 is a front view of the cathode ray tube of FIG. 8 taken along the line 1010;
FIG. 11 is a partial sectional view taken along the line 1111 of FIG. 8; and
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the resistance characteristic of the graduated resistance coating used in the cathode ray tube of FIGS. 8 to 11.
' One embodiment of the envelope structure of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 which disclose a cathode ray tube having a hollow, evacuated envelope 10 of electrical insulating material including a funnel-shaped body portion 12, a flat face plate portion 14 and a cylindrical stem portion 16. The envelope 10 contains a conventional electron gun and conventional electrostatic de fiection plates (not shown) inside the stem portion 16 with electrical leads 18 connected to the horizontal and vertical deflection plates extending through a conventional flame seal 20 joining two cylindrical members which form such stem portion. Other electrical leads 22 connected to the electron gun electrodes extend through the end of stem portion 16 remote from body portion 12 so that they are supported in a socket 24 of insulating material mounted on the rear end of envelope 10. The envelope body portion 12 is made of ceramic insulating material in the shape of a tapered funnel formed of a cone frustrum joined to a rectangular cylinder, and has a smaller end with a hollow circular cross-section attached to the stem portion 16 and a larger end with a hollow rectangular cross-section attached to the face plate 14 supporting fluorescent screen 25 of the cathode ray tube.
A resistance coating 26 of substantially uniform thickness may be provided on the internal surface of envelope body portion 12, as shown in FIG. 2, which is electrically connected to the second anode in the electron gun to serve as an extension of such anode and provides a substantially uniform electrical field within such body portion 12 for the electron beam of the mono-acceleration type cathode ray tube. A pair of thin layers 28 and 30 of silver, or similar conducting material, may be coated over each end of resistance coating 26 for a short distance to define with regularity the outline of the effective anode formed thereby and to provide a good electrical connectio thereto from the second anode through a spring support member 31 as shown in FIG. 5. This uniform resistance coating 26 may be made of conventional low temperature material, such as aquadag or other carbon material, or it may be composed of the non-carbon, refractory material hereafter described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 11.
The face plate 14 may be made of a clear transparent glass material in the form of a substantially flat rectangular plate having a shape, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, conforming to that of the larger end of ceramic body portion 12 to which it is attached. A graticule scale 32 may be provided on the inner surface of the face plate 14 by printing lines of glass frit thereon and fusing such frit lines onto the face plate before the layer of phosphor material forming fluorescent screen 25 is applied to such surface over such graticule scale, as shown in FIG. 6. Alternatively, the graticule lines may be chemically etched or mechanically scribed as notches 33 in the surface of the face plate, as shown in FIG. 7, or they may be applied as a paint of light reflecting material. This use of a separate flat face plate 14 enables the phosphor layer 25 and the graticule scale 32 to be applied to such face plate before it is sealed to the envelope body portion 12 so that it can be more easily processed than when a conventional all glass tube is used.
The graticule scale 32 may be edge-lighted with a light source positioned adjacent a portion of the edge surrounding the periphery of the face plate 14 so that sulficient light is transmitted through such edge portion into such face plate to illuminate the graticule lines. As shown in FIG. 3, if the light source is located at a position remote from the edge of the face plate 14, a flange member 34 of clear transparent plastic or similar material in the form of a flat, square plate, may be attached to such face plate edge by a transparent epoxy resin glue or the like so that such flange member functions as a light guide to efliciently transmit light from the light source into the edge of the face plate. This flange member 34 may be provided with two U-shaped notches 36 and 38 in the upper external edge portion thereof to accommodate two light bulbs, and with a conventional coating of light reflecting material (not shown), such as aluminum, silver or white enamel, on the remainder of the external edge of such flange member exclusive of such notches. Also, it may be desirable to provide such a light reflecting coating on the edge of the face plate 14 when flange member 36 is not used.
The flat glass face plate 14 may be attached to the rectangular end of ceramic body portion 12 by means of a vacuum tight seal 40 surrounding fluorescent screen 25 to form the butt joint shown in FIG. 6. This seal 40 may be made of a glass frit having a thermal coeflicient of expansion approximately the same as that of the ceramic in body portion 12 and the glass in face plate 14 and a softening or sealing temperature substantially below that of such ceramic and such glass. Another glass frit seal 42, similar to seal 40, may be provided to form the butt joint between the circular end of ceramic body portion 12 and glass stem portion 16 of the envelope, as shown in FIG. 5, since the glass material of such stem portion may be the same as that of the face plate 14. Any suitable glass and ceramic system may be used having the above discussed characteristics. For example, the body portion 12 may be made of forsterite ceramic having a composition by weight of approximately:
Percent MgO 28 Talc 60 Kaolin 12 The face plate portion 14 and the stem portion 16 may be made of soda lime glass or common lead glass commercially available from Corning Glass Works as Corning No. 0080 and No. 0120, respectively. This soda lime glass has a composition by weight of approximately:
Percent SiO 73.6 Na O 16.0 K .6 CaO 5.2 MgO 3.6 A1 0 1.0
The glass frit of seals 40 and 42 may be made of a devitrifiable glass, such as the lead-zinc-borate type glass disclosed in US. Patent No. 2,889,952, issued to S. A. Claypoole on June 9, 1959, having a thermal coeflicient of expansion similar to that of the forsterite ceramic of approximately 93 10-' per C. within the temperature range of 25 to 450 C. and a low softening temperature on the order of 420 to 450 C. One such devitrifiable glass is commercially available from Corning Glass Works as Pyroceram Cement No. 7572 and may be applied as seals 40 and 42 in the manner disclosed in the above patent.
It should be noted that this devitrified glass is often referred to as a glass-ceramic because it possesses similar characteristics to both of these classes of materials. However, the term glass frit is defined herein as including such a devitrified glass throughout the present application. Also, the term ceramic material is hereby define-d as distinguishing from glass in that the former is a crystalline material while the latter is a supercooled liquid, noncrystalline material.
Another embodiment of a cathode ray tube made in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIGS. 8 to 11. This post acceleration type of cathode ray tube is similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 except the uniform resistance coating 26 is replaced by a graduated resistance coating 44 of varying thickness on the inner surface of a funnel-shaped envelope body portions 46 having a different configuration than body portion 12, including parabolic curved side walls. Also, a different shaped face plate 48 without the flange member light guide 34, is provided of rectangular configuration but with a smaller height dimension so that the graticule scale 32 is 6 cm. by 10 cm., rather than 8 cm. by 10 cm. as shown in FIG. 3.
The graduated resistance coating 44 varies in thickness by decreasing in magnitude from a maximum at the end thereof adjacent the stem portion 16 to a minimum at the end adjacent the face plate 48 which results in the resistance per square of such coating increasing in the same direction from a minimum near stem portion 16 to a maximum near face plate 48. The end of this graduated resistance coating 44 adjacent stem portion 16 of the envelope, is connected to the second anode of the electron gun in the same manner as uniform resistance coating 26 by means of the spring member 31 and conductive coating 28 shown in FIG. 5, While the other end of such graduated resistance coating adjacent face plate 48 is connected to a source of greater positive DC. voltage than such second anode by means of an electrical connector 50 extending through a hole in envelope body portion 46. Therefore, an electrical potential gradient is established along the surface of graduated resistance coating 44 so that such resistance coating functions as a post deflection acceleration anode which increases the velocity of the electron beam after its deflection by the electrical signals applied to the electrostatic deflection plates, so that such electron beam increases in velocity after deflection as it travels along such resistance coating toward face plate 48 and produces a higher intensity light image on fluorescent screen without decreasing the deflection sensitivity of the tube.
As shown in FIG. 11, the electrical connector 50 may be in the form of a solid plug 52 made of ceramic material similar to that of envelope portion 46 and having a coating 54 of electrically conducting material, such as silver, on the external surface thereof. This coated plug may be inserted into a hole made in envelope portion 46 adjacent conductive coating and secured to such body portion by a vacuum tight seal 56 in the form of a glass frit, which may have a composition similar to that of the material used in seals and 42 of this post acceleration cathode ray tube, or it may be made of a different material suitable for the metal to ceramic seal. An additional silver coating 58 may be applied over the end of plug 52 after it is attached to the envelope portion 46 making contact between conductive coating 54 and conductive coating 30 to prevent the glass frit 56 from insulating coating 54 from coating 30.
A different ceramic and glass system may be used to make the post acceleration cathode ray tube of FIGS. 8 to 11. For example, the body portion 46 of the envelope may be made of an alumina ceramic having a composition by weight of approximately:
Percent A1 0 Talc 4 Ball clay 7 Nepheline syenite 4 The stem portion 16 and the face plate portion 48 of the envelope may be formed of a zirconium silicate glass such as that commercially available from Corning Glass Works under Corning No. 7280 having a composition by weight of approximately:
Percent SiO 70 ZrO l7 N320, K20 13 7 No. 7541. However, another glass frit has been discovered which has been found to be suitable and is believed to be heretofore unknown, having a composition by weight of approximately:
This new undevitrifiable glass has a sealing temperature on the order of 760 to 788 C. and a thermal coefficient of expansion of approximately 65 l0-' cm./cm. per C. at 25 to 450 C. temperature.
For proper operation as a post acceleration anode the graduated resistance coating 44 should have a resistance characteristic similar to that of the theoretical ideal curve 60 in FIG. 12. This curve is a plot of percent of the total resistance of coating 44 verses the distance in inches from its face plate end measured from coating 30. Note that in the region of to 1 inch there is a resistance change of about 17% while in the region of 7 to 8 inches there is a resistance change of only about 7%. Therefore, the theoretical ideal resistance per square of coating 44 decreases from a maximum value near face plate 48 to a minimum value near stem portion 16. Since thickness varies inversely with resistance, the theoretical ideal thickness of coating 44 increases from a minimum value near face plate 48 to a maximum value near stem portion 16. It should be noted that curve 60 merely represents the theoretical ideal characteristic of graduated resistance coating 44 and that operable coatings may have actual characteristic curves which deviate by several percent above or below such ideal curve. Also, the total resistance of resistance coating 44 may be anywhere between 100 and 2000 megohms for operable tubes and this total resistance is represented on the graph by the 100% resistance point.
This graduated resistance coating 44 may be formed of conventional materials, such as aquadag or other carbon materials. However, it has been found that such carbon coatings are damaged by the high temperature used in the out-gassing process so that they are unsuitable when extremely high temperatures are used, as is necessary for efiicient removal of the absorbed gases.
Therefore, the material of graduated resistance coating r 44 or uniform resistance coating 26, should be a noncarbon, refractory material which does not oxidize or melt at extremely high temperatures. Such a material believed to be heretofore unknown has been discovered. This new resistance material has composition by weight of approximately:
Percent CIZO3 2.6 Fg03 Ti0 2.4 Feldspar 17.3 Ball clay 13.2 Flint 14.3 Whiting (prepared CaCo 15.2
It should be noted that this new resistance coating may be considered basically a mixture of two different materials which are (1) a conducting material formed by the first three compounds listed-totalling 40% and (2) a ceramic material consisting of the last four compounds listedtotalling 60%. This resistance film may be applied by any conventional spraying method and then heated to fuse it to the envelope wall.
Various details of the above described preferred embodiments of the present invention may be varied without departing from the spirit of the invention. Thus, the stem portion 16 may be formed integrally with the body portions 12 and 46 so that it too can be made of ceramic material. The face plate end of such envelope body portion may be made of any desirable configuration to provide a hollow cross-section of any convenient shape including a right-angle parallelogram in the form of a square or rectangle, and the face plates attached thereto may likewise be formed of any convenient shape. The light guide flange 34 may be formed integrally with the face plate so that it too is made of glass, or it can be eliminated entirely. The butt joints formed by seals 40 and 42 may be of a different type, for example, seal 42 may be in the form of a slip joint. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined only by the following claims.
We claim:
1. An electron beam display device, comprising:
an envelope having a hollow body portion made of ceramic material, a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a substantially flat plate shaped to conform to one end of said body portion,
and a seal portion attaching said face plate portion to said one end of said body portion with said seal portion being made of fused glass material different from said transparent glass but having a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to that of said ceramic and said transparent glass;
a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material supported on the flat inner surface of said glass face plate portion inside said envelope;
at source of electrons positioned within said envelope at one end thereof remote from said face plate;
means to accelerate said electrons and to focus said electrons into an electron beam; and
means to deflect said electron beam in response to an electrical signal before said beam strikes said fluorescent screen on said face plate.
2. An electron beam display device, comprising:
an envelope having a body portion made of ceramic material in the shape of a hollow funnel with the larger end of said body portion being of a substantially right-angle parallelogram configuration, a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a substantially fiat plate shaped to conform to said larger end of said body portion, and a seal portion attaching said face plate portion to said larger end of said body portion with said seal portion being made of a fused glass frit material different from that of said transparent glass but having a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to that of said ceramic and said transparent glass;
a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material supported on the flat inner surface of said glass face plate portion inside said envelope;
a source of electrons supported within said envelope at the end thereof remote from said face plate;
means to accelerate said electrons and to focus said electrons into an electron beam; and
means to deflect said electron beam in response to an electrical signal before said beam strikes said fluorescent screen.
3. An electronbearn display device, comprising:
an envelope having a body portion made of ceramic material with one end of said body portion being of a substantially rectangular hollow cross-section, and a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a fiat plate of a shape substantially conforming to that of said cross-section and attached to said one end of said body portion by a seal portion made of a fused glass frit material having thermal coefficient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature below, that of said ceramic and said transparent glass;
a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material on the flat inner surface of said glass face plate portion inside said envelope;
a coating of electrical resistance material on the inner surface of said ceramic body portion of said envelope, having a variable thickness which increases in value from the end nearest to said face plate toward the end farthest from said face plate so that the resistance per square of said coating decreases in the same direction, and connected to function as a post deflection acceleration anode by providing an electrical potential gradient of increasing magnitude for the electron beam in said display device as it approaches said face plate;
a source of electrons supported within said envelope at the end thereof remote from said face plate;
means to accelerate said electrons and to focus said electrons into an electron beam; and
means to deflect said electron beam in response to an electrical signal before said beam passes through said post acceleration anode and strikes said fluorescent screen.
4. An electron beam display device, comprising:
an envelope having a body portion made of ceramic material with one end of said body portion being of a substantially rectangular configuration, and a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the shape of a substantially flat rectangular plate attached to said rectangular end of said body portion by a seal portion made of a fused glass frit material having a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature below, that of said ceramic and said transparent glass;
a graticule scale formed by a plurality of straight lines intersecting at right angles on the inner surface of said face plate portion inside said envelope;
a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material on the inner surface of said face plate over said graticule scale;
means for projecting light into said face plate portion through the edge surrounding the periphery thereof in order to illuminate said graticule scale, including a plastic flange member attached at its inner edge to said edge of said face plate so that said flange member may function as a light guide to transmit light from an external source into said face plate;
a source of electrons supported within said envelope at the end thereof remote from said face plate;
means to accelerate said electrons and to focus said electrons into an electron beam; and
means to deflect said electron beam in response to an electrical signal before said beam strikes said fluorescent screen.
5. An electron beam display device, comprising:
an envelope having a hollow body portion made of ceramic material with one end formed as a rectangular cylinder joined to the other end of said body portion formed in the shape of the frustrum of a cone, a tubular stern portion made of glass in the shape of a circular cylinder attached to said other end of said body portion by a first seal of fused glass material different from the stem glass but having a thermal coeflicient of expansion similar to that of said ceramic and said stern glass, and a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a substantially flat plate shaped to conform to said one end of said body portion and attached to said one end of said body portion by a second seal made of fused glass material different from the face plate but having a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to that of said ceramic and said face plate glass;
a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material supported on the flat inner surface of said glass face plate portion inside said envelope;
a source of electrons positioned Within said envelope 10 at one end thereof remote from said face plate; means to accelerate said electrons and to focus said electrons into an electron beam; and
means to deflect said electron beam in response to an electrical signal before said beam strikes said fluorescent screen on said face plate.
6. An electron beam display device, comprising:
an envelope having a body portion made of ceramic material with one end of said body portion being of a substantially rectangular hollow cross-section, and a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a flat plate of a shape substantially conforming to that of said cross-section and attached to said one end of said body portion by a seal portion made of a fused glass frit material having thermal coeflicient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature below, that of said ceramic and said transparent glass;
a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material on the flat inner surface of said glass face plate portion inside said envelope;
a coating of electrical resistance material on the inner surface of said ceramic body portion of said envelope, having a variable thickness which increases in value from the end nearest to said face plate toward the end farthest from said face plate so that the resistance per square of said coating decreases in the same direction, and connected to function as a post deflection acceleration anode by providing an electrical potential gradient of increasing magnitude for the electron beam in said display device as it approaches said face plate;
means to connect said resistance coating as a post acceleration anode to a source of electrical potential, including a conducting layer of electrically conducting material of uniform thickness on said envelope body portion over said end of said resistance coating nearest said face plate, and a plug of ceramic material provided with a coating of conducting material, sealed in a hole through said envelope body portion at a position adjacent said conducting layer so that the conducting coating on said plug makes electrical contact with said conducting layer;
a source of electrons supported within said envelope at the end thereof remote from said face plate;
means to accelerate said electrons and to focus said electrons into an electron beam; and
means to deflect said electron beam in response to an electrical signal before said beam passes through said post acceleration anode and strikes said fluorescent screen.
7. An electron beam display device, comprising:
an envelope having a body portion made of ceramic material with one end of said body portion being of a substantially rectangular hollow cross-section, and a face plate portion made of transparent glass in the form of a flat plate of a shape substantially conforming to that of said cross-section and attached to said one end of said body portion by a seal portion made of a fused glass frit material having thermal coefficient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature below, that of said ceramic and said transparent glass;
a fluorescent screen including a layer of phosphor material on the flat inner surface of said glass face plate portion inside said envelope;
a coating of electrical resistance material containing Fe O TiO Cr O and a ceramic material, on the inner surface of said ceramic body portion of said envelope, having a variable thickness which increases in value from the end nearest to said face plate toward the end farthest from said face plate so that the resistance per square of said coating decreases in the same direction, and connected to function as a post deflection acceleration anode by providing an electrical potential gradient of increasing magnitude for the electron beam in said display device as it approaches said face plate;
a source of electrons supported within said envelope at the end thereof remote from said face plate;
means to accelerate said electrons and to focus said electrons into an electron beam; and
means to deflect said electron beam in response to an electrical signal before said beam passes through said post acceleration anode and strikes said fluorescent screen. 8. An envelope for use in an electron beam display device, comprising:
a body portion made of ceramic material and having one end of a hollow cross-section substantially in the shape of a right-angle parallelogram;
a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the form of a thin, flat plate having sides substantially corresponding in shape to said one end of said body portion with a graticule formed on the surface of one of said sides; and
a seal portion made of a fused glass material different from said transparent glass but having a thermal coefiicient of expansion similar to that of said transparent glass and said ceramic, attaching said face plate portion to said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope.
9. An envelope for use in a cathode ray tube, comprising:
a body portion made of ceramic material in the shape of a funnel and having its larger end of a substantially rectangular cross-section;
a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the shape of a substantially flat rectangular plate with a graticule formed on the surface of one side thereof;
a seal portion of fused glass frit material different from said transparent glass but having a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to that of said ceramic and said transparent glass, said seal portion attaching said face plate portion to said larger end of said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope; and
means for projecting light into said face plate portion through the edge surrounding the periphery thereof in order to illuminate said graticule.
10. An envelope for use in a cathode ray tube, comprising:
a body portion made of ceramic material and having one end of a substantially rectangular hollow crosssection;
a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the shape of a substantially flat rectangular plate with a graticule formed by fused glass lines coated on the surface of one side thereof;
a seal portion made of a fused glass frit material having a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to, and a softening temperature below, that of said transparent glass and said ceramic, said seal portion attaching said face plate portion to said one end of said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope; and
means for projecting light into said face plate portion through the edge surrounding the periphery thereof in order to illuminate said graticule.
11. An envelope for use in a cathode ray tube, comprising:
a body portion made of ceramic material and having one end of a substantially rectangular hollow crosssection;
a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the shape of a substantially fiat rectangular plate 12 with a graticule formed by notches in the surface of one side thereof;
a seal portion formed by a fused glass frit material different from said transparent glass, attaching said face plate portion to said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope; and
means for projecting light into said face plate portion through the edge surrounding the periphery thereof in order to illuminate said graticule.
An envelope for use in a cathode ray tube, comprising:
a body portion made of ceramic material in the shape of a funnel and having its larger end of a substantially rectangular cross-section;
a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the shape of a substantially flat rectangular plate with a graticule formed on the surface of one side thereof;
a seal portion of fused glass frit material having a thermal coefiicient of expansion similar to, and a sealing temperature substantially below, that of said ceramic and said transparent glass, attaching said face plate portion to said larger end of said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope; and
means for projecting light into said face plate portion through the edge surrounding the periphery thereof in order to illuminate said graticule including a transparent plastic flange member attached at its inner edge to said edge of said face plate so that said flange member may function as a light guide to transmit light from a remote external light source into said face plate.
13. An envelope for use in an electron beam display device, comprising:
a body portion made of ceramic material and having one end of a hollow cross-section substantially in the shape of a right-angle parallelogram;
a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the form of a thin, flat plate having sides substantially corresponding in shape to said one end of said body portion with a graticule formed on the surface of one of said sides; and
a seal portion made of a fused glass material containing PbO, A1 0 SiO B 0 and ZnO, having a termal coeflicient of expansion similar to, and a sealing tem perature substantially below, that of said transparent glass and said ceramic, attaching said face plate portion to said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope.
14. An envelope for use in an electron beam display device, comprising:
a body portion made of ceramic material and having one end of a hollow cross-section substantially in the shape of a right-angle parallelogram;
a face plate portion made of transparent glass material in the form of a thin, flat plate having sides substantially corresponding in shape to said one end of said body portion;
a first seal portion made of a fused glass frit different from said transparent glass but having a termal coeflicient of expansion similar to that of said transparent glass and said ceramic, said first seal portion attaching said face plate portion to said body portion so that said graticule is positioned on the interior surface of said envelope;
a tubular stem portion of glass; and
a second seal portion similar to said first seal portion attaching said stem portion to the other end of said body portion.
15. An anode for uniformerly accelerating electrons as they travel along the surface of said anode spaced therefrom, comprising:
a support member of electrical insulating material; and
13 14 a graduated resistance coating of electrical conducting References Cited by the Examiner material on said support member With the thickness UNITED STATES PATENTS of said coating varying from a maximum at one end thereof to a minimum at the other end thereof so that g gsii et "Ti; the electrical resistance per square of said coating 5 2207841 7 M0 X increases from a minimum value at said one end to a 2:210:131 8/40 scharfnagel maximum Value at Said other 2,251,984 8/41 Cleaver et al 17s 7.s4 16. An anode for uniformrly accelerating electrons as 2330604 3 Messner 17 7 4 hey travel along the surface of said anode space there- 1 2 434 19 1 43 c i 31 5-44 from, comprising: 0 2,629,066 2/53 Eitel et .al. 220-2.1 X a support member of electrical insulating material; and 2,695,241 11/54 Calis 106-53 a graduated resistance coating of electrical conducting 2,812,466 11/57 Murdock 3133 17 material containing a mixture of Fe O Cr O TiO 2,878,408 3/59 Ri-shell 313217 and ceramic material on said support member with 2,889,95 CI YPOOI the thickness of said coating varying from a maxi- 15 r g mum at one end thereof to a minimum at the other 2,962,452 11/60 Counts end thereof so that the electrical resistance per square of said coating increases from a minimum value at DAVID GALVIN Prlmary Examinersaid one end to a maximum value at said other end. ARTHUR GAUSS, GEORGE N. WESTBY, Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. AN ELECTRON BEAM DISPLAY DEVICE, COMPRISING: AN ENVELOPE HAVING A HOLLOW BODY PORTION MADE OF CERMERIC MATERIAL, A FACE PLATE PORTION MADE OF TRANSPARENT GLASS IN THE FORM OF A SUBSTANTIALLY FLAT PLATE SHAPED TO CONFORM TO ONE END OF SAID BODY PORTION, AND A SEAL PORTIN ATTACHING SAID FACE PLATE PORTION TO SAID ONE END OF SAID BODY PORTION WITH SAID SEAL PORTION BEING MADE OF FUSED GLASS MATERIAL DIFFERENT FROM SAID TRANSPARENT GLASS BUT HAVING A THERMAL COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION SIMILAR TO THAT OF SAID CERAMIC AND SAID TRANSPARENT GLASS; A FLUORESCENT SCREEN INCLUDING A LAYER OF PHOSPHOR MATERIAL SUPPORTED ON THE FLAT INNER SURFACE OF SAID GLASS FACE PLATE PORTION INSIDE SAID ENVELOPE; A SOURCE OF ELECTRONS POSITIONED WITHIN SAID ENVELOPE AT ONE END THEREOF REMOTE FROM SAID FACE PLATE; MEANS TO ACCELERATE SAID ELECTRONS AND TO FOCUS SAID ELECTRONS INTO AN ELECTRON BEAM; AND MEANS TO DEFLECT SAID ELECTRON BEAM IN RESPONSE TO AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL BEFORE SAID BEAM STRIKES SAID FLUORESCENT SCREEN ON SAID FACE PLATE.
US132915A 1961-08-21 1961-08-21 Electron beam display device Expired - Lifetime US3207936A (en)

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NL276162D NL276162A (en) 1961-08-21
US132915A US3207936A (en) 1961-08-21 1961-08-21 Electron beam display device
DE19621439585 DE1439585B2 (en) 1961-08-21 1962-02-28 CATHODE RAY TUBE
GB8896/62A GB988154A (en) 1961-08-21 1962-03-08 Electron beam display device
FR894156A FR1323140A (en) 1961-08-21 1962-04-11 Electron beam indicating device

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US3451579A (en) * 1966-08-01 1969-06-24 Owens Illinois Inc Composite lamp article with glass-ceramic lamp envelope
US3632008A (en) * 1969-10-15 1972-01-04 Tektronix Inc Indium alloy seal and cathode-ray tube envelope employing such seal
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US3275878A (en) * 1963-02-27 1966-09-27 Tektronix Inc Lead-in seal for evacuated envelope of an electron discharge device for connecting electrodes located within said envelope to a voltage source positioned outside said envelope
US3297188A (en) * 1964-05-14 1967-01-10 William R Aiken Envelope for cathode ray tubes
US3309551A (en) * 1964-06-01 1967-03-14 William R Aiken Envelope for flat cathode tubes with lower sections of front and rear walls similarly displaced
US3451579A (en) * 1966-08-01 1969-06-24 Owens Illinois Inc Composite lamp article with glass-ceramic lamp envelope
US3632008A (en) * 1969-10-15 1972-01-04 Tektronix Inc Indium alloy seal and cathode-ray tube envelope employing such seal
US3683225A (en) * 1970-03-20 1972-08-08 Tektronix Inc Orange-reflective graticule scale for cathode ray tube
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US4130775A (en) * 1977-01-17 1978-12-19 Tektronix, Inc. Charge image charge transfer cathode ray tube having a scan expansion electron lens system and collimation electrode means
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EP0195162A2 (en) * 1984-12-24 1986-09-24 Tektronix Inc. Method and apparatus for calibrating deflection in an oscilloscope
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Also Published As

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DE1439585B2 (en) 1972-04-20
FR1323140A (en) 1963-04-05
GB988154A (en) 1965-04-07
DE1439585A1 (en) 1968-10-31
NL276162A (en)

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