US3204938A - Hearth-type furnace, particularly siemens-martin furnace - Google Patents

Hearth-type furnace, particularly siemens-martin furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3204938A
US3204938A US294308A US29430863A US3204938A US 3204938 A US3204938 A US 3204938A US 294308 A US294308 A US 294308A US 29430863 A US29430863 A US 29430863A US 3204938 A US3204938 A US 3204938A
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Prior art keywords
furnace
walls
dome
wall
hearth
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US294308A
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English (en)
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Bartu Franz
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Maerz Ofenbau AG
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Maerz Ofenbau AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/002—Siemens-Martin type furnaces

Definitions

  • the fuel and the combustion air come together at the burner head. It is advantageous from the standpoint of flow technique considerations to introduce the combustion air as near as possible to the fuel jet. Additionally, it is also desirable for the combustion and flame direction or regulation to impart to the air current a specific impulse for which it is necessary to have a suitable air velocity and a correspondingly smaller outlet cross-section for the air. For these reasons the inside width of the burner head is always smaller than the inside width of the adjoining heating chamber.
  • the transition from the back wall and the front wall to the side walls of the burner head form the so-called hearth pillars, which are vertical or nearly vertical walls which enclose an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the furnace and constrict the cross-section of the heating chamber towards the burner head.
  • the hearth roof or dome must also be pulled or directed down towards the burner head and the annexing burner head dome must be arranged at an inclination to the hearth.
  • the slopingly arranged hearth pillars and the inclined domes at the transition from the burner head to the hearth are advantageous for the flow process of the combustion air and the flames.
  • the width of the burner head is brought to the width of the heating chamber and the forward and rear end shaft walls are moved away from one another to the same extent so that these shaft walls and the side walls of the burner head remain in a plane.
  • the elongation of the slag pocket increases construction costs of the furnace and, in many, if not in the majority of steel mills, is not at all possible to carry out because with the elongation of the slag chamber the checker chamber must also be further displaced towards the reversal equipment and the available space in the steel mills, only in the most rare instances, permits such a displacement.
  • the present invention has as one of its primary objects to effectively prevent or minimize such disadvantages.
  • a further important object of the present invention is to provide an improved construction of a hearth-type furnace, in particular a Siemens-Martin furnace, which is economical to construct and repair, permits the use of a small number of brick shapes for the furnace superstructure so that the storage of such bricks and the supporting structure therefor is considerably simplified.
  • Another important object of the present invention is to provide an improved construction of a hearth-type furnace permitting the latter to assume a substantially boxshaped configuration, thereby facilitating relining of the furnace and generally improving the economics of production and maintenance of such furnace.
  • a further important object of the present invention is the provision of a Siemens-Martin furnace or the like, wherein the cross-section of the furnace superstructure with the exception of the base is substantially uniform from one end wall to the other.
  • Still another important object of the present invention is the provision of a Siemens-Martin furnace or the like, wherein the inner width between the forward and back walls or outermost walls of the shaft means closest to the respective forward and back walls of the furnace superstructure is smaller than the inner width of the burner head of the aforesaid furnace superstructure as measured at the plane of the mouth or opening of said shaft means.
  • the furnace of the present invention is characterized by the features that the cross-section of the superstructure of the furnace with the exception of the hearth base, remains continuously the same from end wall to end wall, that the front wall and rear wall are inwardly inclined and the inner spacing between the forward wall. side and the rear wall side of the shaft means is smaller than the inner width of the burner head profile, measured at the plane of the mouth of the shaft means.
  • Theblind angle or space between the opening or mouth of the shaft and the receding burner head walls can, for example, be filled with a granular refractory material.
  • the burner head thereby has imparted to it, apart from the hearth base, the same profile as the heating chamber, whereby the side walls of the burner head at their crown or top possess approximately the same spacing as the forward and rear side walls of the shafts.
  • the spacing of the forward and rear side walls of the shafts substantially corresponds to the width of the furnace dome.
  • the form, size and position of the shafts, the opposite situated dome and the upper portion of the side walls of the burner head are determinative for the guiding of the combustion air. Since the position and form of the shafts remains unchanged and by virtue of the inward inclination of the side walls of the burner head their spacing at the top in comparison with the classical constructional forms also does not experience any marked change, the flow process in the working or outlet side of the burner head is not disadvantageously influenced in spite of the separation of the burner head walls at the base.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates a fragmentary, cross-sectional view taken along lines II of the furnace of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view taken along the lines IIII of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines IIIIII of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines IV IV of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary view showing details of a modified form of furnace port end, particularly a furnace with an inclined burner head and inclined shaft means;
  • FIGURE 6 is a fragmentary view showing details of a further design of furnace port end, wherein the shaft is vertical and the end walls of the furnace are inclined;
  • FIGURE 7 is a cross-sectional view substantially similar to FIGURE 4, illustrating details of the brickwork and support structure.
  • furnace superstructure of a reverberatory hearth-type furnace particularly a Siemens-Martin furnace, provided by way of illustration and not limitation, with a doubleshaft or uptake, and depicting the relatively simple furnace shape achieved by following the teachings and underlying principles of the present invention.
  • a reverberatory hearth-type furnace particularly a Siemens-Martin furnace
  • Siemens-Martin furnace provided by way of illustration and not limitation, with a doubleshaft or uptake
  • reference numeral 1 generally denotes the hearth brickwork of the superstructure of the furnace F to which is connected side walls in the form of a forward wall 2 and a rear or back wall 3, both of which are inwardly inclined, as best seen in FIGURES 2 and 3. Between both of the side walls 2 and 3 there extends the roof or dome 4. Directly adjacent to and flush with one end wall 5 there extends into the furnace or heating chamber 7 a pair of air shafts or upstakes 6. The shafts 6 open into the burner head region, generally designated by numeral 10, at a plane AA taken through the respective opening or mouth of said shafts. The region of the furnace superstructure lying beneath the plane AA can be conveniently considered as the base portion of the aforesaid superstructure.
  • Both of the side walls 2 and 3 advantageously extend from one end wall 5 to the other end wall (not shown) with the same inclination and the same curvature.
  • one end of the furnace superstructure For convenience in illustration there is only shown one end of the furnace superstructure, but it is to be appreciated, and as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, a substantially similar arrangement of shafts and burner head are provided at the opposed port end of the furnace.
  • the height of the walls 2 and 3 is advantageously the same throughout the entire length of the furnace, as can be readily ascertained by comparing FIGURES 3 and 4.
  • the dome 4 likewise constructed from end wall to end wall of the furnace with the same curvature and the same Width.
  • the parting surfaces between the brick assembly of the walls 2, 3 and that of the dome 4 lie at the same height, that is, all individual parting surfaces between the corresponding walls 2, 3 and dome 4 form a plane, as generally indicated in FIGURES 3 and 4 by the lines B-B and C--C.
  • the walls of the shaft means 6 here depicted for example as a double-shaft arrangement, are inclined as shown, to provide the proper direction of air inflow, as will be further explained shortly hereinafter.
  • the outermost walls 6a and 6b of the shafts 6, that is, the respective walls of the shafts closest to and extending in substantially the direction of the front and rear walls 2 and 3, respectively, are spaced from one another at an inner distance or width X which is less than the inner width Y of the profile of the burner head 10 (see FIGURE 3), as measured in the plane AA of the mouths of the shafts 6 as well as substantially corresponding to the width of the dome 4.
  • the outermost walls of the shaft means 6 are spaced from one another to provide an inner width or spacing X which is less than the inner width or spacing Y of the front and rear walls of the burner head 10 of the furnace superstructure, as measured along the plane AA of the mouth of the shaft means 6, that is, the location where the latter open into the burner head 10. In the event of a single shaft arrangement this aforementioned relationship would also be maintained.
  • the dead spaces or blind angle 13 between the outermost walls 6a, 6b of the shafts 6 and the associated side walls 2, 3 can advantageously be filled, if desired, with a granular refractory material, as indicated, at 14, in FIGURE 3.
  • the angle between the air currents out of the shafts 6 and the dome 4 above said shafts is of importance for the flow process of the combustion air. This angle should not exceed a specific value.
  • the shafts 6 are advantageously positioned to be inclined with a dome having horizontal zenithal or top lines, for example as shown in the arrangement of FIGURE 1.
  • the end wall 5 of the furnace can remain vertical, in the manner shown. However, it is also possible that such end wall receive the same inclination as the shafts.
  • Such an arrangement is shown, by way of example, in FIGURE 5 wherein the walls 60 of the double shaft means 6d are inclined and merge with a furnace end will 5a which is similarily inclined.
  • FIGURE 7 there are depicted details of the support arrangement for the front and rear walls 2 and 3, respectively, as well as the dome 4 of the furnace superstructure.
  • the walls 2, 3 and dome 4 are formed of suitable brickwork 15 arranged in individual sections or groups 20. These brickwork sections 20 are arranged alongside one another and extend the length of the furnace (see FIGURES l and 2).
  • the brickwork of each section of the walls 2, 3 and 4 are advantageously supported by individual segments or elements 16, 17 and 18, respectively, with the support elements of any one wall being similar to one another and interchangeable.
  • the support elements 16, 17 and 18 of each brickwork section are suspended on I-beam 19 or the like extending lengthwise of the furnace.
  • Hearth-type furnace including a furnace superstructure provided with a front wall, a rear wall, a dome and opposed end walls, said front and rear wall being inwardly inclined, said walls defining a space of substantially constant cross section from one end Wall to the other end wall, shaft means of relatively small cross-section communicating with said space beneath said dome,
  • said shaft means having outermost walls extending substantially in the direction of said front and rear wall, with the spacing between said outermost walls being less than the spacing between said front and rear wall of said furnace superstructure and substantially corresponding to the width of the dome.
  • Simens-Martin furnace including a furnace superstructure comprising a front wall, a rear wall, a dome and opposed end walls, said front and rear wall being inwardly inclined, said furnace superstructure having an upper portion and a base portion, said upper portion being of substantially constant cross-section from one end wall to the other and wall, double shaft means opening from below into said upper portion beneath said dome, said double-shaft means including outermost walls extending substantially in the direction of said front and rear wall, the spacing between said outmost walls being less than the inner spacing between said front and rear wall of said furnace superstructure and substantially corresponding to the width of the dome.
  • Siemens-Martin furnace including a furnace superstructure having a front wall, a rear wall, a dome and opposed end walls, said furnace superstructure including at least one burner head and a heating chamber, double shaft means including mouth means opening into said burner head beneath said dome, said mouth means being flush with the associated end wall, the portion of the furnace superstructure disposed beneath a plane containing said mouth means of said shaft means defining the base of said furnace superstructure, the cross-section of said furnace superstructure above said plane and extending from one said end wall to the other being substantially constant throughout, said double-shaft means being defined by outer walls extending in the direction of said front and rear wall which are spaced from one another a distance less than the inner width of said burner head between said front and rear wall measured along said plane of said mouth means and approximately corresponding to the width of said dome.
  • Siemens-Martin furnace including a furnace superstructure provided with a front wall, a rear wall, a dome and opposed end walls, said front and rear wall being inwardly inclined and formed of bricks arranged in sections alongside one another, prefabricated support elements for carrying said bricks of each section, said prefabricated support elements of any one front and rear wall being similar to one another and interchangeable, said furnace superstructure comprising at least one burner head, a heating chamber and a base portion, the portion of said furnace superstructure disposed above said base possessing a substantially uniform cross section from one end wall to the other end wall, double-shaft means including mouth means opening from below into burner head beneath said dome, said double-shaft means being of relatively small cross-section to provide relatively high flow velocities for air and are bounded by outer walls extending in the direction of said front and rear Wall, said outer walls being spaced form one another a distance substantially equal to the width of the dome as well as a distance less than the inner width of said burner head between said front and rear wall measured along a plane containing said mouth means.
  • Siemens-Martin furnace according to claim 4 wherein said double-shaft means and the end wall of the associated burner head are inclined in the direction of said heating chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
US294308A 1962-07-16 1963-07-11 Hearth-type furnace, particularly siemens-martin furnace Expired - Lifetime US3204938A (en)

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AT572162A AT254922B (de) 1962-07-16 1962-07-16 Siemens-Martin-Ofen

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Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1513828A (en) * 1922-01-10 1924-11-04 Robert B Kernohan Structure and method of operation of heating furnaces
US1735606A (en) * 1929-11-12 fitch
US1752374A (en) * 1925-09-26 1930-04-01 Friedrich Siemens Ag Process of producing steel in and open-hearth furnace
US1769210A (en) * 1922-01-28 1930-07-01 Open Hearth Comb Company Furnace
US1769866A (en) * 1921-09-22 1930-07-01 Open Hearth Comb Company Furnace
US1890805A (en) * 1931-04-30 1932-12-13 Niklas F Egler Open-hearth furnace
US2661198A (en) * 1951-07-06 1953-12-01 Inland Steel Co Furnace end structure
US2679389A (en) * 1953-03-23 1954-05-25 Inland Steel Co Furnace structure
US2864602A (en) * 1953-12-17 1958-12-16 Maerz Ind Ofenban A G Reverberatory furnace
US2930601A (en) * 1956-11-06 1960-03-29 Gen Refractories Co Open-hearth furnace construction
US3088722A (en) * 1959-09-03 1963-05-07 Maerz Ofenbau Wall construction and mounting thereof for industrial furnaces

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1735606A (en) * 1929-11-12 fitch
US1769866A (en) * 1921-09-22 1930-07-01 Open Hearth Comb Company Furnace
US1513828A (en) * 1922-01-10 1924-11-04 Robert B Kernohan Structure and method of operation of heating furnaces
US1769210A (en) * 1922-01-28 1930-07-01 Open Hearth Comb Company Furnace
US1752374A (en) * 1925-09-26 1930-04-01 Friedrich Siemens Ag Process of producing steel in and open-hearth furnace
US1890805A (en) * 1931-04-30 1932-12-13 Niklas F Egler Open-hearth furnace
US2661198A (en) * 1951-07-06 1953-12-01 Inland Steel Co Furnace end structure
US2679389A (en) * 1953-03-23 1954-05-25 Inland Steel Co Furnace structure
US2864602A (en) * 1953-12-17 1958-12-16 Maerz Ind Ofenban A G Reverberatory furnace
US2930601A (en) * 1956-11-06 1960-03-29 Gen Refractories Co Open-hearth furnace construction
US3088722A (en) * 1959-09-03 1963-05-07 Maerz Ofenbau Wall construction and mounting thereof for industrial furnaces

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