US3204708A - Method and apparatus for submarine well drilling, using a flexible tubing as drill string - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for submarine well drilling, using a flexible tubing as drill string Download PDF

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Publication number
US3204708A
US3204708A US296066A US29606663A US3204708A US 3204708 A US3204708 A US 3204708A US 296066 A US296066 A US 296066A US 29606663 A US29606663 A US 29606663A US 3204708 A US3204708 A US 3204708A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tubing
buoy
drill string
length
flexible tubing
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Expired - Lifetime
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US296066A
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English (en)
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Berne Jean
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/08—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods
    • E21B19/09—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods specially adapted for drilling underwater formations from a floating support using heave compensators supporting the drill string
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/22—Handling reeled pipe or rod units, e.g. flexible drilling pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/12—Underwater drilling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S254/00—Implements or apparatus for applying pushing or pulling force
    • Y10S254/90—Cable pulling drum having wave motion responsive actuator for operating drive or rotation retarding means

Definitions

  • Submarine. well drilling at great depth is generally carried out with a drill string composed of a series of coupled rigid tube sections starting from a ship at the water surface and placed substantially in vertical alignment with the boring head.
  • the above method requires the use of a servoamechanism capable of adjusting with a high accuracy (a few percent) the weight on the bit which may be as high as 20 to 30 metric tons.
  • the drill string In the case of deep drilling, the drill string must be kept permanently within a cone having its peak at the well boring head and the ship must be so handled as to remain constantly inside the base of this cone. In this case, the margin for the angle of roll cannot be very large.
  • the method of drilling with the use of a flexible tubing avoids a part of the above-mentioned drawbacks due to the flexibility of the tube which results in a larger margin for handling the ship which may be moved inside a larger cone base.
  • the traction strain exerted on the upper portion of the drill string is only effective for balancing the weight of this tubing portion the length of which is variable. As a matter of fact, as the drilling progresses, new tubing lengths will be added to this upper portion of the tubing Whereas the lower portion will remain unchanged.
  • the total tubing length immersed must be suflicient to provide for a sufficiently wide margin for handling the ship and avoiding surface disturbances (waves or the like) that have an eifect on the adjustment of the traction strain exerted from the ship.
  • the upper port-ion of the drill string will be placed along a catenary curve whose end points are respectively the point of application of the constant traction strain exerted on the lower portion of the drill string, and the point of application of the traction strain exerted from the ship.
  • the lower point of this catenary curve divides the upper portion of the tubing into two arcuate partsthe greater of which is supported from the ship, whereas the other, adjacent to the lower portion of the drill string is supported together with the latter by the constant traction strain.
  • the weight on the drill bit will be equal to the diflerence between the weight of the assembly comprising the drill bit, the lower portion of the drill string having added thereto the adjacent arcuate part of the upper portion thereof and optionally drill collars if any, in the one hand, and the traction strain on the other i and.
  • This weight on the drill bit will be kept substantially constant inasmuch as the Weight of the arcuate part of the upper portion of the drill string which is adjacent to the lower portion thereof may be considered negligible as compared to the Weight of the latter.
  • FIGURE 1 represents schematically the entire system by which the method of this invention is put into practlce
  • FIGURE 2 shows the winding mechanism for unwind ing the flexible cable
  • FIGURE 3 shows the means for feeding electric current to the motor at the bottom
  • FIGURE 4 shows the means for adjusting the tractive force on the drilling tool comprising a buoy whose buoyancy is regulated;
  • FIGURE 5 shows a mechanism for unwinding the cable that connects the buoy to the flexible tube
  • FIGURE 6 shows an apparatus actuated by variations of hydrostatic pressure for controlling the unwinding of the cable
  • FIGURE 7 shows a buoy having a deformable side
  • FIGURE 8 shows an accumulator of hydrostatic pressure
  • FIGURE 9 shows an apparatus for moving the point of attachment B of the tube to the cable which connects it to the buoy.
  • the upper portion of the flexible tubing between B and D (on the ship) must have a length slightly greater than the distance BD so that the tubing portion BCD takes on the shape of a catenary curve.
  • the ship supports the weight of the portion DC of the drill string, whereas the traction force exerted at point B by the buoy balances the weight of the lower part AB of the drill string together with the electromotor and the drill bit as well as the weight of the tubing portion BC.
  • the feeding rate of the flexible tubing is adjusted so as to be substantially equal to the depth drilled, whereby the tubing length BC is kept substantially constant.
  • FIGURE 2 Means for feeding the flexible tubing are illustrated by way of example, in FIGURE 2.
  • This figure shows the flexible tubing 1 Wound on a reel 2 rotatably mounted on a horiontal shaft 3 supported on a frame structure 4.
  • This reel is driven by the motor 5 by means of belt or chain 6 passing over a pulley or sprocket wheel 7.
  • the feeding of electric current to the motor at the bottom is accomplished by means of an electric generator 8.
  • the three conductors 9, 10 and Jill forming the cable 12 are connected to the brushes 11 11 and b which are pressed against slip-rings c c and c respectively by springs carried by supports 4 (FIG. 3), the slip-rings being mounted on the axis 3 of the reel and are insulated from the axis and from one another.
  • Three insulated conductors are connected to these sliprings and as shown in dotted lines, pass along the hollow axis to be connected at 13 to the end of a flexible threestrand conductor whose opposite end is connected to the motor G at the bottom.
  • a flexible conductor is described in US. application Ser. No. 246,898 filed December 26, 1962.
  • the weight on the drill bit is kept constant inasmuch as the tubing length BC is also constant.
  • the point D maybe moved vertically by several meters from its mean position.
  • the tubing length corresponding to this amplitude variation is distributed by half over the two arcuate tubing lengths BC and DC.
  • the variation of the traction strain at point B is therefore equal to one half of the weight of the tubing length corresponding to the difference between BCD and distance BD, i.e. to the product of this length difference expressed in meters for instance, by the weight per meter of the flexible tubing. Since the tubing length AB is constant, this variation will also be that of the weight applied to the drill bit, which variation is very small with respect to the amplitude of the ship displacement.
  • the tubing length AB remains constant and the point B moves downwardly towards the sea-bottom in proportion to the progression of the drill bit in the bore-hole. As the load on the bit depends on the length BC, it is convenient to keep this length substantially constant by feeding the flexible tubing at an average rate equal to the speed of advance of the drill bit.
  • the adjustment is made by calculating the maximal tubing length to be fed as a function of the maximum bearable load variation on the bit.
  • the maximal load variation may be of i-5% under very limitative conditions, which corresponds, in the case of a total load of 500 kgs. for instance, to a load variation on the bit of :25 kgs. If the weight of the flexible tubing used is, for instance, of 10 kgs. per meter, a length variation of 5 meters of the portion BC of the tubing length will be acceptable, this variation corresponding to a 10 meter variation of the total tubing length.
  • FIGURE 4 shows a conventional apparatus for varying the actual floatability of the buoy E, or for keeping it constant at a definite value.
  • This apparatus is formed of a caisson 14 having in its lower portion a single opening 15 connected by a flexible tube 16 to a sliding member 17 which can be moved along a threaded column 18 and with which the upper open end of the tube is connected at 19.
  • An electric motor 20 controlled from the surface through a cable 21 permits remote control of the vertical displacement of the sliding member along the guide rod 18.
  • a float 22 rests upon the level 23 of the water introduced through 19 into the buoy.
  • the level 23 of the water in the buoy rises, lifting the float 22 which acts through the pivoted lever 24 to open the valve 25 for admitting compressed air that was sent from the surface through conduit 26.
  • the float 22 will rise and open the valve 25 to admit compressed air into the buoy until the height h returns to its initial value. If, on the contrary, the buoy rises again, the water level in it is lowered and uncovers the opening 19 of the tube 16 through which air then escapes, which, by lowering the pressure of the air, brings the water level to its original initial value.
  • the equilibrium height h in the buoy is regulated, and thereby the actual floatability of the buoy which corresponds to this height.
  • the pressure under which the air is introduced through conduit 26 should be at least equal to the hydrostatic pressure existing at the level to which the buoy is lowered.
  • the surface equipment required therefor is simpler than that used in conventional earth boringthe accurate and continuous adjustment of the load on the bit being no longer necessary.
  • the adjustment of the load on the bit is thus effected in a simpler manner than it is when drilling from the earth surface since in this latter case, much more complicated means would be required for adjusting with the same degree of accuracy the weight applied on the drill bit.
  • the buoy sinks to greater depths. This is not an inconvenience, provided that the mechanical strength of the buoy is sufficient. If, on the contrary, the buoy cannot withstand high pressures, it must be immersed only at the depth at which the hydrostatic pressure is lower than the maximal pressure that the buoy may sustain.
  • the cable length BE will be lengthened so as to main tain the buoy at a depth which is compatible with the maximal pressure that it may sustain.
  • This may be achieved by providing the buoy with a cable unreeling system controlled by the variations of the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the buoy.
  • An automatic control of this type may be effected by means for instance of a pressure gauge capsule.
  • the depth of point B may be determined at any time by measuring the unreeled cable length. An approximate value of this depth may also be deduced from the tubing length fed from the surface equipment on the ship.
  • FIGURE 5 shows a device for increasing from the surface the length of the portion BH of the cable and for measuring that portion.
  • This device comprises a windlass 27 with a substantial- 1y horizontal axis situated at the lower end of the buoy.
  • the windlass is actuated, e.g. by an electric motor 28 controlled from the surface through conductors in a sheath 29.
  • a conventional revolution-counter transmits its impulses to the surface through an electric cable 31 contained in the same sheath 29.
  • the control of the unwinding of the cable BH can also be eflected automatically by hydrostatic pressure by replacing the motor 28 by a known apparatus shown schematically in FIGURE 6.
  • the rotation of the windlass 27 is controlled by a brake band L wrapped around the rim of the drum and of which one end is connected to a fixed point 32.
  • the other end of this band is connected to a piston 33 movable in a cylinder 34.
  • One side of this piston is acted upon by a hydrostatic pressure PH While a calibrated spring 35 presses against the other side.
  • the cable length BE is not changed and the buoy is allowed to lower by a depth corresponding to the drilling advance.
  • the buoy must be capable to sustain high pressures.
  • a simple and economical type of structure for such a buoy would consist of a deformable casing filled up with a liquid having a lower density than that of water. Such a deformable casing would not be subjected to pressure strains in view of its deformability.
  • FIGURE 7 shows schematically a buoy E having a deformable wall 36 and filled with a liquid less dense than water.
  • the depth of point B may be accurately 6 determined by measuring the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the buoy.
  • FIGURE 8 a captive manometric device of the kind shown schematically in FIGURE 8 in which a bellows 37 becomes deformed under hydrostatic pressure PH, which actuates a contact arm 38 of a potentiometer whose ends are connected to conductors 39 and 40 under a constant potential difference.
  • the potential at a point on the surface of the potentiometer between the conductors 39 and 40 will then be a function of the hydrostatic pressure. This potential is transmitted to the ship through conductor 41.
  • This displacement of point B may be effected during the drilling operation for instance by means of a clamp ing device controlled by electromagnetic means or by the hydrostatic pressure, or by use of a capstan supported from the buoy and having the flexible tubing wound thereon.
  • the operation of this capstan may be adjusted, either continuously or in a discontinuous manner, in proportion to the drilling advance, for instance by con trol thereof from the floating element.
  • a displacement of the point B can be effected for example by means of the apparatus shown in FIGURE 9 in Which the conduit 1 is squeezed between two pairs of rollers 42 and 43 respectively, over which belts 44 and 45 pass. At least one of these rollers is connected coaxially to an electric motor 46 energized by a conductor which can be included in the cable BH. By controlling the current to the motor, the junction B can be moved along the flexible tube any desired distance.
  • a method for submarine well drilling comprising the step of suspending a motor and a bit driven thereby from the lower end of a flexible tubing having an upper end at floating surface equipment, driving in the submarine soil said drill bit actuated by said motor, applying two traction strains separately to two portions of said tubingone of the said strains, which is applied to the upper end of a lower portion of invariable length of the tubing, ending with the drill bit, being maintained substantially constant, and the other strain, applied to an upper portion of variable length of the tubing, from a surface equipment, balances the weight of said upper portion.
  • a device for submarine well drilling by means of a drill bit suspended from a flexible tubing used as drill string comprising a power source, a bottom motor adapted to drive said bit, means for transmitting energy from said power source to said bottom motor, a floating element immersed at a given depth and a cable suspending a lower portion of said flexible tubing of invariable length, ending with the drill bit, from said floating element, and means for so adjusting the buoyance thereof as to support only a portion of the weight of the lower portion of the tubing, whereby a substantially constant upward force is applied to the upper end of said lower portion of the tubing.
  • a device according to claim 2 further comprising means for varying the length of said cable so as to maintain said given depth within limits compatible with the mechanical strength of said floating element.
  • said means includes means for varying the cable length in proportion to the depth drilled, whereby the floating element is maintained at a substantially constant depth.
  • a device wherein the floating element is provided with deformable walls and further comprising a liquid having a density lower than that of water, filling up said floating element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
US296066A 1962-07-24 1963-07-18 Method and apparatus for submarine well drilling, using a flexible tubing as drill string Expired - Lifetime US3204708A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR904975A FR1417973A (fr) 1962-07-24 1962-07-24 Procédé de forage sous-marin par tige souple et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre

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FR (1) FR1417973A (nl)
GB (1) GB1066774A (nl)
NL (1) NL295697A (nl)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3259371A (en) * 1964-09-18 1966-07-05 Shell Oil Co Wave cancellation system for a floating drilling vessel
US3276746A (en) * 1963-10-10 1966-10-04 Inst Francais Du Petrole Stabilizing device
US3295489A (en) * 1964-06-20 1967-01-03 Bossa Eduardo Plastic compound catenary for anchorage and pipeline and/or cable support in any sea zone and depth
US3313346A (en) * 1964-12-24 1967-04-11 Chevron Res Continuous tubing well working system
US3378863A (en) * 1967-01-16 1968-04-23 Navy Usa Marine marker
US3408669A (en) * 1967-06-20 1968-11-05 Texaco Inc Dual buoy marker system
US3415317A (en) * 1965-12-11 1968-12-10 Auxiliaire Des Producteurs De Equipment for wire-lining operations in submarine well drillings
US3556231A (en) * 1968-08-30 1971-01-19 Homer I Henderson Bit weight maintainer for marine earth boring
US3608651A (en) * 1968-06-27 1971-09-28 Inst Francais Du Petrole Apparatus for driving elongated elements into underwater grounds
US3633685A (en) * 1970-03-09 1972-01-11 Manuel R Piexoto Deep well drilling apparatus
US3855656A (en) * 1973-03-30 1974-12-24 Amoco Prod Co Underwater buoy for a riser pipe
US4161716A (en) * 1977-12-16 1979-07-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Very low frequency sonobuoy (VLF sonobuoy)
US4173804A (en) * 1977-02-09 1979-11-13 Institut Francais Du Petrole Floating installation connected to a stationary underwater installation through at least one flexible pipe
US4266886A (en) * 1977-09-08 1981-05-12 Institut Francais Du Petrole Method and device for connecting a floating installation to an underwater installation through at least one flexible line
FR2627542A1 (fr) * 1988-02-24 1989-08-25 Coflexip Dispositif de transfert de fluide entre le fond sous-marin et la surface
US20030145998A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2003-08-07 Gawain Langford Flowline jumper for subsea well

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1785559A (en) * 1927-10-28 1930-12-16 Arthur J Ponti Stress and strain compensating joint for rotary well-drilling columns
US1944838A (en) * 1929-03-06 1934-01-23 Union Oil Co Method and apparatus for controlling the angle in earth boring
US1959174A (en) * 1932-11-26 1934-05-15 Thomas F Moore Method of and apparatus for sinking pipes or well holes into the ground
US2512783A (en) * 1946-05-04 1950-06-27 Augustine J Tucker Marine drilling
US2676787A (en) * 1949-06-22 1954-04-27 Howard L Johnson Drilling equipment
US2783027A (en) * 1953-04-24 1957-02-26 Shell Dev Method and apparatus for submerged well drilling
US2906502A (en) * 1954-03-24 1959-09-29 Edward W Smith Underwater earth boring mechanism
US2945677A (en) * 1956-11-08 1960-07-19 Jr Archer W Kammerer Hydraulic weight compensating apparatus for well bore devices
US3015360A (en) * 1957-08-19 1962-01-02 Shell Oil Co Method and apparatus for underwater drilling
US3017934A (en) * 1955-09-30 1962-01-23 Shell Oil Co Casing support
US3078931A (en) * 1960-12-08 1963-02-26 David G Moore Free corer

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1785559A (en) * 1927-10-28 1930-12-16 Arthur J Ponti Stress and strain compensating joint for rotary well-drilling columns
US1944838A (en) * 1929-03-06 1934-01-23 Union Oil Co Method and apparatus for controlling the angle in earth boring
US1959174A (en) * 1932-11-26 1934-05-15 Thomas F Moore Method of and apparatus for sinking pipes or well holes into the ground
US2512783A (en) * 1946-05-04 1950-06-27 Augustine J Tucker Marine drilling
US2676787A (en) * 1949-06-22 1954-04-27 Howard L Johnson Drilling equipment
US2783027A (en) * 1953-04-24 1957-02-26 Shell Dev Method and apparatus for submerged well drilling
US2906502A (en) * 1954-03-24 1959-09-29 Edward W Smith Underwater earth boring mechanism
US3017934A (en) * 1955-09-30 1962-01-23 Shell Oil Co Casing support
US2945677A (en) * 1956-11-08 1960-07-19 Jr Archer W Kammerer Hydraulic weight compensating apparatus for well bore devices
US3015360A (en) * 1957-08-19 1962-01-02 Shell Oil Co Method and apparatus for underwater drilling
US3078931A (en) * 1960-12-08 1963-02-26 David G Moore Free corer

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3276746A (en) * 1963-10-10 1966-10-04 Inst Francais Du Petrole Stabilizing device
US3295489A (en) * 1964-06-20 1967-01-03 Bossa Eduardo Plastic compound catenary for anchorage and pipeline and/or cable support in any sea zone and depth
US3259371A (en) * 1964-09-18 1966-07-05 Shell Oil Co Wave cancellation system for a floating drilling vessel
US3313346A (en) * 1964-12-24 1967-04-11 Chevron Res Continuous tubing well working system
US3415317A (en) * 1965-12-11 1968-12-10 Auxiliaire Des Producteurs De Equipment for wire-lining operations in submarine well drillings
US3378863A (en) * 1967-01-16 1968-04-23 Navy Usa Marine marker
US3408669A (en) * 1967-06-20 1968-11-05 Texaco Inc Dual buoy marker system
US3608651A (en) * 1968-06-27 1971-09-28 Inst Francais Du Petrole Apparatus for driving elongated elements into underwater grounds
US3556231A (en) * 1968-08-30 1971-01-19 Homer I Henderson Bit weight maintainer for marine earth boring
US3633685A (en) * 1970-03-09 1972-01-11 Manuel R Piexoto Deep well drilling apparatus
US3855656A (en) * 1973-03-30 1974-12-24 Amoco Prod Co Underwater buoy for a riser pipe
US4173804A (en) * 1977-02-09 1979-11-13 Institut Francais Du Petrole Floating installation connected to a stationary underwater installation through at least one flexible pipe
US4266886A (en) * 1977-09-08 1981-05-12 Institut Francais Du Petrole Method and device for connecting a floating installation to an underwater installation through at least one flexible line
US4161716A (en) * 1977-12-16 1979-07-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Very low frequency sonobuoy (VLF sonobuoy)
FR2627542A1 (fr) * 1988-02-24 1989-08-25 Coflexip Dispositif de transfert de fluide entre le fond sous-marin et la surface
EP0330584A1 (fr) * 1988-02-24 1989-08-30 Coflexip Dispositif de transfert de fluide entre le fond sous-marin et la surface
US4906137A (en) * 1988-02-24 1990-03-06 Coflexip Apparatus for transferring fluid between subsea floor and the surface
US20030145998A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2003-08-07 Gawain Langford Flowline jumper for subsea well
US7044228B2 (en) * 2002-02-06 2006-05-16 Vetco Gray Inc. Flowline jumper for subsea well

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FR1417973A (fr) 1965-11-19
NL295697A (nl)
GB1066774A (en) 1967-04-26

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