US3203689A - Refractory-lined tundishes - Google Patents

Refractory-lined tundishes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3203689A
US3203689A US193789A US19378962A US3203689A US 3203689 A US3203689 A US 3203689A US 193789 A US193789 A US 193789A US 19378962 A US19378962 A US 19378962A US 3203689 A US3203689 A US 3203689A
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tundish
lining
refractory
outer casing
casing
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Expired - Lifetime
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US193789A
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Jr Howard Thomas Hallowell
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SPS Technologies LLC
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Standard Pressed Steel Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/02—Linings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a vessel of the type known as a tundish for containing molten metal, and comprising a metal casing lined with refractory material.
  • a tundish is used in casting operations as an intermediate vessel between a ladle and a mould, to receive a charge of molten metal from the ladle and to pour it at a controlled rate into the mould, as required.
  • a tundish is usually preheated to a high temperature to reduce the amount of metal solidifying in it, and this and other operating factors result in the refractory lining having to be replaced regularly.
  • the refractory lining of a tundish associated with a continuous casting machine may be satisfactory for only one casting operation, whereas the lining of a ladle may remain satisfactory for fifteen similar operations.
  • a tundish has an inner lining of moulded ceramic material preformed as one or more monolithic shells and fitted inside the outer casing.
  • the ceramic lining is of one-piece shell construction, but if the lining comprises several preformed shells these may be joined together by cement having good refractory properties.
  • a layer of heat-insulating material may be placed between the outer casing and the ceramic lining.
  • the tundish may have one or more nozzles for pouring molten metal into moulds.
  • the nozzle or each nozzle extends through registering apertures in the ceramic lining and the outer casing; alternatively the nozzle or nozzles may be moulded integrally with the ceramic lining.
  • FIGURE 1 is a side elevation of a tundish, in section on the line II of FIGURE 2, and
  • FIGURE 2 is a crosssection on the line II-11 of FIGURE 1.
  • the invention is applied to a tundish 10 of generally rectangular plan having a flat base portion 11 and upwardly extending, nearly vertical side walls 12.
  • the end walls 13 of the tundish are inclined to the vertical at about 30.
  • the tundish 10 which is of rigid construction, comprises an outer steel casing 14 capable of supporting the weight of the tundish together with a charge of molten metal contained in it.
  • the steel casing 14 is lined with a layer of heat-insulating material 15 in any conventional 3,283,689 Patented Aug. 31, 1965 manner, and the layer 15 is covered by a monolithic ceramic shell 16 comprising the refractory lining of the tundish.
  • the tundish 16 is of small dimensions, it will be convenient to construct the ceramic lining shell 16 in a single piece, but in the illustrated embodiment, which is a large tundish, the shell 16 is formed in two pieces 16A and 16B constituting identical prefabricated monolithic shells Whose edges 17 are abutted and joined together, either in the tundish or before being placed in it, by a cement having good refractory properties.
  • the tundish 10 is provided with a pair of nozzles 18 in its base portion 11.
  • the nozzles 18 might be formed integrally with the ceramic shells 16A and 16B, but in this case separate nozzle members are provided which extend into the interior of the tundish through apertures in the shells 16A and 1613, the nozzles passing through the insulating layer 15 and the outer steel casing 14.
  • the tundish may be used in conjunction with a detachable roof indicated at 19, which covers the open top of the tundish.
  • the roof 19 is provided with a central aperture 24) through which molten metal can be poured from a ladle into the tundish, the metal from the tundish being distributed at a controlled rate through one or each of the pouring nozzles 18 into moulds located beneath the tundish, the moulds for example being incorporated in a continuous casting machine.
  • the ceramic shells 16A and 1613 which constitute the lining of the tundish 1% can be mass-produced under factory conditions, and because they can be quickly replaced when worn out or damaged they enable the operating costs of casting processes involving the use of the tundish to be reduced, since less time and labour will be required for re-lining the tundish as compared with previously used arrangements.
  • a tundish comprising a rigid metallic outer casing having upwardly extending sides and a flat bottom portion, said casing being capable of supporting the weight of the tundish together with a charge of molten metal, a layer of heat insulating material Within said outer casing, an inner monolithic lining for said tundish formed from a high strength refractory material, said lining forming a structurally self-sustaining shell removable as a unit, said inner lining, said heat insulating material and said outer casing each being provided with aligned apertures located in the bottom portion of the tundish, and a nozzle inserted in and projecting through said aligned apertures.

Description

1965 H. T. HALLOWELL, JR 3,203,689
REFRACTORY-LINED TUNDISHES Filed May 10, 1962 INVENTOR. HOWARD Thomas HALLOWELL 0R.
ATTORNEYS United States Patent This invention relates to a vessel of the type known as a tundish for containing molten metal, and comprising a metal casing lined with refractory material. A tundish is used in casting operations as an intermediate vessel between a ladle and a mould, to receive a charge of molten metal from the ladle and to pour it at a controlled rate into the mould, as required.
A tundish is usually preheated to a high temperature to reduce the amount of metal solidifying in it, and this and other operating factors result in the refractory lining having to be replaced regularly. For example, the refractory lining of a tundish associated with a continuous casting machine may be satisfactory for only one casting operation, whereas the lining of a ladle may remain satisfactory for fifteen similar operations.
It has previously been known to make a refractory lining for a tundish from refractory bricks, or by ramming sand or other granular refractory material around the inner surface of the metal casing, but these methods are slow and laborious.
According to the present invention a tundish has an inner lining of moulded ceramic material preformed as one or more monolithic shells and fitted inside the outer casing.
Preferably, for small vessels, the ceramic lining is of one-piece shell construction, but if the lining comprises several preformed shells these may be joined together by cement having good refractory properties.
A layer of heat-insulating material may be placed between the outer casing and the ceramic lining.
The tundish may have one or more nozzles for pouring molten metal into moulds. In one arrangement the nozzle or each nozzle extends through registering apertures in the ceramic lining and the outer casing; alternatively the nozzle or nozzles may be moulded integrally with the ceramic lining.
The invention may be carried into practice in various ways but one specific embodiment will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a side elevation of a tundish, in section on the line II of FIGURE 2, and
FIGURE 2 is a crosssection on the line II-11 of FIGURE 1.
In the illustrated embodiment the invention is applied to a tundish 10 of generally rectangular plan having a flat base portion 11 and upwardly extending, nearly vertical side walls 12. The end walls 13 of the tundish are inclined to the vertical at about 30.
The tundish 10, which is of rigid construction, comprises an outer steel casing 14 capable of supporting the weight of the tundish together with a charge of molten metal contained in it. The steel casing 14 is lined with a layer of heat-insulating material 15 in any conventional 3,283,689 Patented Aug. 31, 1965 manner, and the layer 15 is covered by a monolithic ceramic shell 16 comprising the refractory lining of the tundish. If the tundish 16 is of small dimensions, it will be convenient to construct the ceramic lining shell 16 in a single piece, but in the illustrated embodiment, which is a large tundish, the shell 16 is formed in two pieces 16A and 16B constituting identical prefabricated monolithic shells Whose edges 17 are abutted and joined together, either in the tundish or before being placed in it, by a cement having good refractory properties.
The tundish 10 is provided with a pair of nozzles 18 in its base portion 11. The nozzles 18 might be formed integrally with the ceramic shells 16A and 16B, but in this case separate nozzle members are provided which extend into the interior of the tundish through apertures in the shells 16A and 1613, the nozzles passing through the insulating layer 15 and the outer steel casing 14.
The tundish may be used in conjunction with a detachable roof indicated at 19, which covers the open top of the tundish. The roof 19 is provided with a central aperture 24) through which molten metal can be poured from a ladle into the tundish, the metal from the tundish being distributed at a controlled rate through one or each of the pouring nozzles 18 into moulds located beneath the tundish, the moulds for example being incorporated in a continuous casting machine.
The ceramic shells 16A and 1613 which constitute the lining of the tundish 1% can be mass-produced under factory conditions, and because they can be quickly replaced when worn out or damaged they enable the operating costs of casting processes involving the use of the tundish to be reduced, since less time and labour will be required for re-lining the tundish as compared with previously used arrangements.
I claim:
1. A tundish comprising a rigid metallic outer casing having upwardly extending sides and a flat bottom portion, said casing being capable of supporting the weight of the tundish together with a charge of molten metal, a layer of heat insulating material Within said outer casing, an inner monolithic lining for said tundish formed from a high strength refractory material, said lining forming a structurally self-sustaining shell removable as a unit, said inner lining, said heat insulating material and said outer casing each being provided with aligned apertures located in the bottom portion of the tundish, and a nozzle inserted in and projecting through said aligned apertures.
2. A tundish as claimed in claim 1 in which the lining is a ceramic lining of a one piece shell construction.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,43 8,559 3 48 Hubbell 266-43 2,650,255 8/53 Hogel et al 266--38 2,826,793 3/58 Flickinger et al. 2285 2,871,008 1/59 Spire 26639 2,961,722 11/60 Lilljekvist et al. 22-84- 3,028,642 4/62 Stauifer 2285 J. SPENCER OVERHOLSER, Primary Examiner.
MARCUS U. LYONS, MICHAEL V. BRINDISI,
Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. A TUNDISH COMPRISING A RIGID METALLIC OUTER CASING HAVING UPWARDLY EXTENDING SIDES AND A FLAT BOTTOM PORTION, SAID CASING BEING CAPABLE OF SUPPORTING THE WEIGHT OF THE TUNDISH TOGETHER WITH A CHARGE OF MOLTEN METAL, A LAYER OF HEAT INSULATING MATERIAL WITHIN SAID OUTER CASING, AN INNER MONOLITHIC LINING FOR SAID TUNDISH FORMED FROM A HIGH STRENGTH REFRACTORY MATERIAL, SAID LINING FORMING A STRUCTURALLY SELF-SUSTAINING SHELL REMOVABLE AS A UNIT, SAID INNER LINING, SAID HEAT INSULATING MATERIAL AND SAID OUTER CASING EACH BEING PROVIDED WITH ALIGNED APERTURES LOCATED IN THE BOTTOM PORTION OF THE TURNDISH, AND A NOZZLE INSERTED IN AND PROJECTING THROUGH SAID ALIGNED APERTURES.
US193789A 1961-05-15 1962-05-10 Refractory-lined tundishes Expired - Lifetime US3203689A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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GB17635/61A GB932073A (en) 1961-05-15 1961-05-15 Improvements in refractory-lined tundishes

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3329315A (en) * 1965-03-08 1967-07-04 Motor Wheel Corp Multiple casting ladle which insures equal volume pouring
US3333746A (en) * 1966-05-19 1967-08-01 Harbison Walker Refractories Tundish ladles
FR2158222A1 (en) * 1971-10-12 1973-06-15 Foseco Int
US3863907A (en) * 1972-10-24 1975-02-04 M & T Mfg Co Radiant heating system
US3955721A (en) * 1974-09-12 1976-05-11 Bate Micheal Donald Expendable tundish liner
US4012029A (en) * 1973-07-30 1977-03-15 Foseco Trading A.G. Tundishes
US4014531A (en) * 1974-05-15 1977-03-29 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Tundish for the continuous casting of steel
US4022358A (en) * 1974-07-11 1977-05-10 Foseco International Limited Vessels for containing molten metal
US4117052A (en) * 1975-03-19 1978-09-26 Dorentruper Sand- Und Thonwerker G.M.B.H. Method and arrangement for use in lining articles, particularly melting oven
US4268015A (en) * 1978-02-20 1981-05-19 Didier-Werke Ag Bottom outlet or discharge for use in metallurgical vessels for steel melts, particularly tundishes
EP0051910A1 (en) * 1980-11-10 1982-05-19 Aikoh Co. Ltd. A vessel for molten metal
US4372544A (en) * 1981-05-07 1983-02-08 Labate Michael D Blast furnace trough and liner combination
US4390170A (en) * 1982-03-19 1983-06-28 Schaefer Iv Louis B Closure plug for ladle car
US4422625A (en) * 1982-02-23 1983-12-27 Fmc Corporation Foundry pouring ladle protective liner
US4441700A (en) * 1981-05-07 1984-04-10 Labate M D Blast furnace trough and liner combination
US4783061A (en) * 1987-06-12 1988-11-08 Insul Company, Inc. Tundish liner
US5312506A (en) * 1987-06-15 1994-05-17 Mitsui Mining Company, Limited Method for growing single crystals from melt
US6763981B2 (en) 2002-04-29 2004-07-20 North American Refractories Co. Well block for metallurgical vessel

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2077767A1 (en) * 1970-02-12 1971-11-05 Lectromelt Corp Transporting crucible for conveying molten - metal from furnace to moulds
US4165026A (en) * 1971-12-07 1979-08-21 Foseco Trading A.G. Tundish with expendable lining and easily removable nozzle
GB1364665A (en) * 1971-12-07 1974-08-29 Foseco Trading Ag Tundishes
LU72865A1 (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-03-07

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2438559A (en) * 1942-02-18 1948-03-30 American Crucible Co Furnace lining
US2650255A (en) * 1947-10-31 1953-08-25 Asea Ab Tilting electrical melting furnace of egg shaped cross section
US2826793A (en) * 1956-06-21 1958-03-18 Sr William E Flickinger Well brick with stopper rod guide
US2871008A (en) * 1950-11-02 1959-01-27 Air Liquide Apparatus for gas flushing of molten metal
US2961722A (en) * 1958-10-29 1960-11-29 Skf Svenska Kullagerfab Ab Casting molten material in a vacuum
US3028642A (en) * 1958-08-28 1962-04-10 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for transfer of molten metal

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2438559A (en) * 1942-02-18 1948-03-30 American Crucible Co Furnace lining
US2650255A (en) * 1947-10-31 1953-08-25 Asea Ab Tilting electrical melting furnace of egg shaped cross section
US2871008A (en) * 1950-11-02 1959-01-27 Air Liquide Apparatus for gas flushing of molten metal
US2826793A (en) * 1956-06-21 1958-03-18 Sr William E Flickinger Well brick with stopper rod guide
US3028642A (en) * 1958-08-28 1962-04-10 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for transfer of molten metal
US2961722A (en) * 1958-10-29 1960-11-29 Skf Svenska Kullagerfab Ab Casting molten material in a vacuum

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3329315A (en) * 1965-03-08 1967-07-04 Motor Wheel Corp Multiple casting ladle which insures equal volume pouring
US3333746A (en) * 1966-05-19 1967-08-01 Harbison Walker Refractories Tundish ladles
FR2158222A1 (en) * 1971-10-12 1973-06-15 Foseco Int
US3863907A (en) * 1972-10-24 1975-02-04 M & T Mfg Co Radiant heating system
US4012029A (en) * 1973-07-30 1977-03-15 Foseco Trading A.G. Tundishes
US4014531A (en) * 1974-05-15 1977-03-29 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Tundish for the continuous casting of steel
US4022358A (en) * 1974-07-11 1977-05-10 Foseco International Limited Vessels for containing molten metal
US3955721A (en) * 1974-09-12 1976-05-11 Bate Micheal Donald Expendable tundish liner
US4117052A (en) * 1975-03-19 1978-09-26 Dorentruper Sand- Und Thonwerker G.M.B.H. Method and arrangement for use in lining articles, particularly melting oven
US4268015A (en) * 1978-02-20 1981-05-19 Didier-Werke Ag Bottom outlet or discharge for use in metallurgical vessels for steel melts, particularly tundishes
EP0051910A1 (en) * 1980-11-10 1982-05-19 Aikoh Co. Ltd. A vessel for molten metal
US4372544A (en) * 1981-05-07 1983-02-08 Labate Michael D Blast furnace trough and liner combination
US4441700A (en) * 1981-05-07 1984-04-10 Labate M D Blast furnace trough and liner combination
US4422625A (en) * 1982-02-23 1983-12-27 Fmc Corporation Foundry pouring ladle protective liner
US4390170A (en) * 1982-03-19 1983-06-28 Schaefer Iv Louis B Closure plug for ladle car
US4783061A (en) * 1987-06-12 1988-11-08 Insul Company, Inc. Tundish liner
US5312506A (en) * 1987-06-15 1994-05-17 Mitsui Mining Company, Limited Method for growing single crystals from melt
US6763981B2 (en) 2002-04-29 2004-07-20 North American Refractories Co. Well block for metallurgical vessel

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