US3202782A - Pivoted armature electromagnetic switch - Google Patents

Pivoted armature electromagnetic switch Download PDF

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Publication number
US3202782A
US3202782A US161959A US16195961A US3202782A US 3202782 A US3202782 A US 3202782A US 161959 A US161959 A US 161959A US 16195961 A US16195961 A US 16195961A US 3202782 A US3202782 A US 3202782A
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United States
Prior art keywords
core
armature
electromagnet
legs
pedestal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US161959A
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English (en)
Inventor
Victor G Mathison
Wilbur T Hardison
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Bourns Inc
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Bourns Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE621551D priority Critical patent/BE621551A/xx
Priority to NL283338D priority patent/NL283338A/xx
Priority to NL125523D priority patent/NL125523C/xx
Application filed by Bourns Inc filed Critical Bourns Inc
Priority to US161959A priority patent/US3202782A/en
Priority to GB27868/62A priority patent/GB1001847A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3202782A publication Critical patent/US3202782A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/30—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock, e.g. by balancing of armature

Definitions

  • the presently disclosed invention pertains to electromagnetic switches, that is, electromagnetically operated switches, of the type commonly termed relays; and more specifically to extremely small electromagnetic switches or relays having extreme resistance to malfunctioning under exceptionally adverse environmental influences such as vibration and/ or acceleration, very high and/or very low temperature, high humidity, etc., while contemporaneously possessing the very desirable attributes of very low operating-power requirements, extremely small size and low weight, simplicity of construction and assembly, and marked durability.
  • the term very small is employed to designate a relay or electromagnetically operated switch device the maximum cross-sectional dimension of which is of the order of three-fours of an inch or less.
  • the mentioned facts preclude, in a large majority of instances, the production of an operable miniature replica of an ordinary normal-size commercial instrument or device; and force into use such practices as making a single part perform a plurality of functions previously performed by respective individual parts, utilization of a plurality of characteristics of the material of which a part is made, and the like.
  • the mentioned factors and facts are involved, and the practices mentioned are used, in the present invention which is characterized by marked success in meeting specifications calling for extensive reduction in physical size and weight while providing considerable improvement in operating characteristics, longevity, and immunity to extremes of adverse environment.
  • the electromagnetic switch of the invention is an hermetically-sealed unit, enclosed in a housing or container one end of which serves as a base or foundation for the operating parts and which end includes glass-to-metal seal means with provisions for electrically insulated terminals.
  • the container-end, or foundation, and hereinafter termed a header serves to rigidly support a plurallimbed preferably non-magnetic table-like frame or pedestal which in the illustrated embodiment comprises four depending legs and a pair of laterally disposed limbs or arms to which depending magnetic poles of the U- shaped core of an electromagnet are fusion-united so that the electromagnet is fixedly secured to and supported by the frame or pedestal.
  • the core of the electromagnet is a single unitary piece of magnet iron, on the middle portion of which is molded a spool or bobbin of insulation having excellent physical properties.
  • the relatively heavy fixed parts of the device are in effect integrally united into a unitary rigid structure that is exceptionally resistant to deterioration under the influence of vibration or shock and/ or high temperature.
  • Other physical characteristics of the fixed structure are hereinafter stated in detail.
  • the pedestal supports in dependin relation between its legs a spindle or pivot-pin, upon which is rotatably mounted a dynamically-balanced armature for cooperation with the opposed contiguous poles of the electromagnet.
  • the ends of the armature are constrained to to and fro rotary movements between respective electromagnet poles and suitable stop means, and one end is urged toward the stop means by a spring means whose effect is overcome when the electromagnet is energized.
  • the armature is constructed and arranged for movement between first and second positions or attitudes corresponding, respectively, to the de-energized and to energize states of the electromagnet.
  • Afiixed to the armature and depending therefrom is a contact-actuator formed as a stiff resilient rod or wire provided with an insulative knob or head at its lower end, the arrangement being such that as the armature moves from first to second positions the bead is similarly moved.
  • the head serves when so removed to stress a resilient reed-like electric contact device from a first position to a second position in which contact is made with a stationary contact member, to close an electric circuit.
  • Tne stationary contact member, and a stop or optional second contact member, as well as a supporting pin for the read like flexible contact device, are suitably supported in proper but adjustable juxtaposition by the header.
  • the header has sealed thereto around its periphery the lower edge of a fluid-tight can-like cover which with the header forms the aforementioned housing.
  • the electromagnet core By forming the electromagnet core as a single piece of magnetic material, the core is made magnetically efiicient, structurally strong for supporting the electromagnet coil, and, more importantly, permits molding in situ thereon the bobbin or spool for containing the coil of the magnet. By thus molding the made suitable for use in very hot ambients without danger of failure.
  • Another object is to provide, for an electromagnetic switch, a substantially integrally-united structure comprising a magnetic core, a coil-bobbin, and a core-supporting device. 7 7
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an electrornagnetic switch having increased immunity to adverse efi ects caused by vibration and high ambient temperature.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a reliable electromagnetic switch of very small weight and dimen- SIOIIS.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a rigid integral structure comprising a magnetic core having first and second spaced-apart poles and a non-magnetic supporting device bridging the poles and fusion united thereto, to provide an integral structure having no gap in the magnetic circuit of the core.
  • Another object is to provide for a very small electromagnetic switch, a single-piece U-shaped core having spaced-apart first and second poles and a coil-bobbin integrally molded on the core.
  • FIGURE 1 is an isometric view of an hermeticallysealed electromagnetic switch unit or device according to the invention, shown substantially at full scale;
  • FIGURE 2 is a view of three principal component units or sub-assemblies comprised in the exemplary switch unit depicted in FIG. 1, in dis-assembled array,
  • FIGURE 3 is a face view of the switch unit depicted in FIG. 1, with the can or cover of the container removed and with the parts grossly enlarged to facilitate illustration;
  • FIGURE 4 is a sectional view taken as indicated by line 4-4 in FIG. 3;
  • V I FIGURE 5 is a sectional view taken as indicated by line 5-5 in FIG. 3;.
  • FIGURE 6 is a partial sectional view taken on a plane through the device, parallel to the magnet core, with the cover or can removed;
  • FIGURE 7 is an end view of the device with the can -or cover removed, viewed in the direction indicated by the arrow inVFIG. 6; 7
  • FIGURE 8 is a top view of the magnet-core and integrally-molded coil-bobbin and coil, with a portion of the coil broken away to show details;
  • FIGURE 9 is a View in section of a fragmentary portion of the fusion-united unit comprising a frame-or-pedestal wing and a magnetic core; 7
  • FIGURE 10 is a view of an electromagnet armature unit or device as a whole is denoted by ordinal 10.
  • a housing including a can-like cover 12 in,
  • base or header 14 which upon completion of assembly of the device is sealed around its periphery to the lower rim edge of cover 12 by soldering or like means and procedure, is arranged to support a set 16 of electrical terminals or leads 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d and Me which are mounted in an insulative insert Mi that is fusion-united to the metallic rim or block 1411 of the header by conventional glass-to-metal sealing methods.
  • header 14 Also supported by header 14 is a non-magnetic frame or pedestal 118 whose depending legs 18p, ISq, 18r, 18s are provided with positioning notches such as those indicated at 19 in FIG. 2 and are adapted for close mating with respective grooves (such as those at 14g) formed or provided in the sides of header 14.
  • each of the depending limbs or legs of the frame is readily slipped into accurately determined position in a respective one of the grooves in header 14 and is there spot welded or fusionunited with the rim or block of the header.
  • the frame or pedestal is securely and accurately united with the header to form an integral subassembly unit.
  • the frame or pedestal 18 (FIG. 2) is provided with first and second oppositely extending arms or limbs 18m, 1812, which are formed as integral parts of the stamping composing the pedestal.
  • ArrnslSm and 18a are arranged to serve as means for supporting an electromagnet on the pedestal and for permitting integration of the electromagnet with the pedestal and header to form a single integral unit of relatively fixed components comprising those'three principal subassemblies.
  • the pedestal is non-magnetic and may be of nickel-silver.
  • the core 8 (FIG. 11) is preferably coined from magnet iron, and comprises first and second depending limbs or legs 20m, Ziin of rectangular cross-section,
  • the insulative bobbin, Ztlb (FIGS. ,2 and 6), may assume a variety of suitable physical configurations all of which include a central cylindrical portion 219;; (FIG. 8) encircling the core body .200 and end discs or flanges 2011., 29
  • the end discs or flanges are provided with apertures or slots suchas 20v as shown, through which the end portions 20w of the wire of the winding Zfiw are drawn at the commencement and termination of the coil-winding operation.
  • the bobbin is formed of an insulative polyfiu'orocarbon resin of characteristics permitting operation of the magnet in highof the unitary magnet-core 200 are fusion-united (as by spot welding or'the like), to respective ones of the aforementioned arms idm, 1811 of the pedestal 18, as indicated at 23 in FIGS. 4 and 9.
  • the coil bobbin Zttb, the magnet core 200, the pedestal 18, and the housing base or header 14 are all firmly united into an integral structure the component portions of which are thus positively prevented from relative displacement incident to vibration or physical shock that may be'experienced by the device in service.
  • the winding or coil is wound onto the core and spool prior to attachmentof the legs of the core to the pedestal; and by suitable application of self-curing; 'resin during and/or subsequent to winding of the wire,
  • the coil itself may be integrally united with.
  • the elastic contact device 16a Secured to an extension of terminal 16a (FIG. 2) is the fixed end of a resilient reed-like elastic contact device 16a.
  • the elastic contact device may be made of suitable material such as beryllium-copper, and preferably is gold-plated.
  • the elastic contact device 16a may be a simple resilient reed as illustrated, plated as indicated; or it may comprise at the active contact zone an insert or plating of contact-alloy such as palladium-silver or the like.
  • Secured to terminals 16d and 16s are respective deformable but stationary or fixed contact members 16d and 16s, each being fusion-united to its corresponding terminal and being disposed for engagement by a respective side of the elastic contact device 16a.
  • the arrangement is such that the elastic contact device 16a is normally stressed into contact with contact member 16e' and thus is positioned with its free end spaced away from contact member 16d. That arrangement and disposition of the contact means is illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the contact members 16d and 162 are coined or stamped from suitable sheet metal or alloy, and preferably are gold plated. Each is fusion-united to a respective one of the terminals 16d and 162 as indicated, and is positionally adjusted by deformation in a known manner.
  • an armature-supporting pivot or pin 18: Firmly secured to pedestal 18 as by fusion or, as indi cated in FIG. 6, by being mounted in an aperture in the platform of the pedestal and peened or swaged, is an armature-supporting pivot or pin 18:.
  • the pin formed as indicated in the drawings, is thus very precisely positioned and in effect integrally united with the pedestal.
  • the pin thus has a cylindrical bearing portion suspended below the platform of the pedestal, and' a head portion serving to aid in firmly securing the pin to the platform and in spacing the presently described armature away from the platform.
  • Rotatably mounted on pin 18t is,a dynamically balanced ferromagnetic armature 22 (FIGS. 4
  • the armature is dual-limbed and is provided with a central bore 22b through which pin 181 extends.
  • the armature is retained on the pin by means of an E retainer ring 24 which is seated in a complementary circumferential groove formed on the lower end of the pin, as indicated in FIG. 6.
  • Upper and lower anti-friction washers 25, 25, may be utilized as shown, and a small amount of molybdenum disulphide or other suitable lubricant may be used be tween the armature and the pin to reduce to a minimum the effects of friction.
  • the armature is thus constructed and arranged for easy albeit precise rotary movements on the pin. As is clearly indicated in FIGS.
  • the double-ended armature has its opposite or first and second limbs or arms, 22m, 2211, each offset at a respective .side of the median plane of the frame, and arranged to cooperate with a respective one of the depending limbs of the electromagnet core.
  • the two offset ends of the armature are integral with the body portion 221 which includes a hub-like portion 22h that is pierced by the bore.
  • electromagnet core may be formed with the axes of the integral part of pedestal T8.
  • the armature in the deenergized state of the electromagnet, is urged into contact with the stop 18x by a compression spring 26 that is supported between opposed tits formed on the pedestal and on one limb or arm of the armature.
  • the electromagnet When the electromagnet is energized, the armature is attracted by the magnetized poles of the magnet, and the effect of the spring 26 is overcome and the arms of the armature are drawn into contact with the poles of the magnet.
  • a compression spring is shown, other equivalent means of biasing the armature may be employed.
  • the poles of the magnet serve, as is indicated in FIG.
  • the present invention utilizing an integral one-piece magnet core, prevents variation with time of the magnetic reluctance of the core between poles and makes possible the desired uniformity of all relays of a group, prevents vibration between parts of a two-piece core (and hence deterioration or destruction of the relay when subjected to intense vibration), and permits the magnet coil (bobbin and winding) to be integrated into a unitary mass with the core while at the same time permits the electromagnet structure to be strongly supported by the pole pieces alone, thus eliminating the added weight of the prior-art coilsupporting flanges.
  • the rectangular poles and the cylindrical body of the core have their axes in a single plane, which simplifies manufacture of the core and makes it structurally stronger than a core with offset poles, and as Well greatly simplifies molding-on of the bobbin and winding-on of the coil.
  • the single-plane unitary core used in the present invention requires that the arms of the armature be offset from the plane of the core, but, as mentioned, that provides for adequate space for an armature spring and for better placement of the contact actuator presently described.
  • an actuator device 28 that comprises a resilient rod 28a carrying an 'insulative knob or bead 28b at its lower end.
  • the bead is formed in situ on the rod, hence is rigidly secured to the rod, and is disposed in position to engage and flex the flexible contact device 16a away from contact member 166 and into contact with contact member 16d when the armature is rotated incident to energization of the magnet.
  • the rod 23a of the actuator device is, while resilient, stiif and sutficiently strong to flex contact device tea as noted. Since in the normal rest -ber 16d and into contact with member Zine.
  • the bead 28b is removed from the flexible contact device 16a, the electromagnet in the initial stages of rotating the armature has only the light load presented by friction and spring 26 to overcome.
  • the magnet may quickly set the armature into rotation; and as the air-gap between the armature and poles Zlim, an is reduced and the magnetomotive effort rapidly increases, the bead 23b engages contact device 16a and surely and readily moves the latter away from contact member 16a and into engagement with contact member 16d.
  • the compressive force exerted on the armature by the spring 26 may be adjusted by slight compressive or expansive deformation of the spring,
  • the switch device may be tested for satisfactory operation.
  • the cap or cover 12 is placed over the operating parts and soldered or fusion-united with the rim 14b of the header 14, providing an hermetic seal around that periphery.
  • an inert gas such as -a mixture of helium and dry nitrogen, the gas being introduced through an aperture 12a (FIG. 1) provided in the can or cover; and the aperture thereupon sealed off as by means of solder.
  • the armature is formed of a single piece of ferromagnetic material and ator, by removal of material at an appropriate one of the lower outer corners of the armature.
  • the armature is made insensitive to acceleration in any direction perpendicular to its axis of rotation.
  • the switch since the armature is restricted in the direction of the axis, the switch 'is substantially entirely free of adverse effects induced or caused by acceleration.
  • the magnet core FIG.
  • a very small electromagnetic switch comprising:
  • first means comprising housing means including a base means
  • second means comprising supporting means in the formof a rigid table-like pedestal means having more than'two legs each of said legs being fusionunited at its 10lW61 end to said base means to form therewith an integral structure;
  • third means comprising an electromagent means comprising a one-piece U-shaped magnetic core having first and second dependent legs, said electromagnet means comprising a molded bobbin integrally united with said core and a magnet winding on said bobbin,
  • said third means comprising an armature pivot fixed to said pedestal means, and a movable armature means pivotally mounted on said pivot and constructed and arranged for cooperative magnetic interaction with said first and second legs of said magnetic core;
  • An electromagnetic switch device comprising:
  • first means including a header means having opposite sides and including an insulative portion and feedthrough terminal means sealed therein and encircled by a metallic rim portion;
  • second means including a one piece table-like pedestal means having a substantially flat top and a plurality of limbs rigidly united to said metallic rim portion at respective pairs of spaced-apart locations on each of said sides to rigidly integrate the pedestal means and the header means;
  • electromagnet means comprising essentially an integral one-piece U-shaped magnetic core and an insulative coil bobbin thereon integrally united therewith and an energizing coil on the bobbin, the ends of said core being fusion united to said pedestal means at spaced-apart locations to thereby rigidly support said electromagnet means on said frame means to obviate any relative motion therebetween;
  • fourth means comprising electrical connections from said coil to certain ones of said terminals, and comprising means including electric-switch means operable by said electromagnet means incident to energization and de-energization'of thelatter means.
  • first means comprising a rigid non-magnetic tablelike frame comprising a platform-like top and pairs of depending legs;
  • second means comprising an electromagnet comprising a one-piece U-shapedmagnetic core'integra-lly united at its ends to said frame, a coil bobbin rigidly integrated with said core and a magnet coil on the bobbin, said core having a body portion and depending legs and the axis of the legs and the body being co-plan-ar;
  • third means comprising a pivotal one-piece armature and pivot means therefor on said frame, said pivot means having its axis substantially in the plane of the axes of said core and said armature having ends offset on respective sides of a plane through the axis of its pivot, and said third means comprising spring means effective to urge the armature in one direction and said eleotromagnet being constructed and arranged to urge said armature in .a second direction; and
  • fourth means comprising switch means constructed and arranged to be operated by said armature.
  • integral non-magnetic table-like frame means having a a plurality of legs and a top portion to which said core is fusion-united for support of said core and said coil means by said frame means;
  • means including electric-switch means constructed and arranged for operation by the elect-romagnet comprising said core and said coil means; whereby the means forming said electromagnet remain stationary each with respect to the others under extremely severe vibration and whereby the electromagnet remains stationary with respect to said frame means during such vibration.
  • the sub-assembly comprising:
  • a unitary integral table-like frame having a substantially-unobstructed substantially-flat upper surface and a plurality of depending legs and first and second outwardly extending limbs;
  • armature means a rotary armature means and a pivot therefor secured to said frame below said surface, said armature means being disposed for cooperation with a magnet core;
  • an electromagnet comprising a U-shaped one-piece core and an insulative bobbin integrally united there- 10 with the ends of said core being fusion-united with respective ones of said limbs of said frame to form a unitary structure therewith; said electromagnet including a magnet coil on said bobbin encircling said core.
  • first means comprising an integral table-like frame means having depending legs and a substantiallyfiat substantially-unobstructed upper surface and comprising laterally extending limbs at opposite lateral extremities of the frame means and including a laterally extending stop means disposed opposite one of said limbs;
  • second means comprising a pivot-pin means secured to said frame means and disposed between said laterally extending limbs and below said upper surface;
  • third means comprising a balanced elongate rotary ferromagnetic armature rotatably mounted on said pivot-pin means and having first and second ends disposed adjacent respective ones of said limbs and one end thereof disposed between said stop means and one of said Limbs;
  • an electromagnet comprising .a U-shaped one piece ferromagnetic core and an insulative bobbin integrally united to said core to provide an integral structure therewith, and an energizing coil on said bobbin, the ends of said core being fusion-united with respective ones of said laterally extending limbs of said frame means to provide a rigid integral structure therewith, and the ends of said core being positioned for magnetic cooperation with respective ends of said armature.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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US161959A 1961-12-26 1961-12-26 Pivoted armature electromagnetic switch Expired - Lifetime US3202782A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE621551D BE621551A (fi) 1961-12-26
NL283338D NL283338A (fi) 1961-12-26
NL125523D NL125523C (fi) 1961-12-26
US161959A US3202782A (en) 1961-12-26 1961-12-26 Pivoted armature electromagnetic switch
GB27868/62A GB1001847A (en) 1961-12-26 1962-07-19 Electromagnetic switch

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US161959A US3202782A (en) 1961-12-26 1961-12-26 Pivoted armature electromagnetic switch

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US3202782A true US3202782A (en) 1965-08-24

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US (1) US3202782A (fi)
BE (1) BE621551A (fi)
GB (1) GB1001847A (fi)
NL (2) NL125523C (fi)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3516035A (en) * 1968-12-27 1970-06-02 Deutsch Co The Miniature flat pack latching relay
US3518588A (en) * 1968-06-04 1970-06-30 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Microminiature relay
US3519966A (en) * 1967-01-23 1970-07-07 Tektronix Inc Electrical relay
US3525061A (en) * 1968-08-29 1970-08-18 Charles E Gutentag Relay construction
US3668578A (en) * 1970-06-03 1972-06-06 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Lightweight electromagnetic relay
US3694777A (en) * 1971-05-14 1972-09-26 Babcock Electronics Corp Compact electromagnetic relay
US3708768A (en) * 1971-06-18 1973-01-02 Datron Syst Inc Miniature relay
US20210188207A1 (en) * 2019-12-19 2021-06-24 Schott Ag Metal-fixing material feedthrough, method for the production thereof and uses thereof

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2905913A (en) * 1954-12-14 1959-09-22 British Telecomm Res Ltd Inductors for use in light current electrical circuit
US2923794A (en) * 1957-04-09 1960-02-02 Brubaker Electronics Inc Subminiature relay
US2931872A (en) * 1958-09-22 1960-04-05 Iron Fireman Mfg Co Polarized relay
US2949591A (en) * 1955-10-10 1960-08-16 United Transformer Corp Miniature inductive devices
US2951134A (en) * 1957-10-03 1960-08-30 Lazich Branko Electrical relays
US2960583A (en) * 1958-04-30 1960-11-15 Sigma Instruments Inc Sensitive relay
US3005071A (en) * 1958-04-30 1961-10-17 Comar Electric Company Relay structure
US3118033A (en) * 1961-11-15 1964-01-14 Hi G Inc Electromagnetic relay
US3147349A (en) * 1960-10-26 1964-09-01 Control Dynamics Corp Electromagnetic relay

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2905913A (en) * 1954-12-14 1959-09-22 British Telecomm Res Ltd Inductors for use in light current electrical circuit
US2949591A (en) * 1955-10-10 1960-08-16 United Transformer Corp Miniature inductive devices
US2923794A (en) * 1957-04-09 1960-02-02 Brubaker Electronics Inc Subminiature relay
US2951134A (en) * 1957-10-03 1960-08-30 Lazich Branko Electrical relays
US2960583A (en) * 1958-04-30 1960-11-15 Sigma Instruments Inc Sensitive relay
US3005071A (en) * 1958-04-30 1961-10-17 Comar Electric Company Relay structure
US2931872A (en) * 1958-09-22 1960-04-05 Iron Fireman Mfg Co Polarized relay
US3147349A (en) * 1960-10-26 1964-09-01 Control Dynamics Corp Electromagnetic relay
US3118033A (en) * 1961-11-15 1964-01-14 Hi G Inc Electromagnetic relay

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3519966A (en) * 1967-01-23 1970-07-07 Tektronix Inc Electrical relay
US3518588A (en) * 1968-06-04 1970-06-30 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Microminiature relay
US3525061A (en) * 1968-08-29 1970-08-18 Charles E Gutentag Relay construction
US3516035A (en) * 1968-12-27 1970-06-02 Deutsch Co The Miniature flat pack latching relay
US3668578A (en) * 1970-06-03 1972-06-06 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Lightweight electromagnetic relay
US3694777A (en) * 1971-05-14 1972-09-26 Babcock Electronics Corp Compact electromagnetic relay
US3708768A (en) * 1971-06-18 1973-01-02 Datron Syst Inc Miniature relay
US20210188207A1 (en) * 2019-12-19 2021-06-24 Schott Ag Metal-fixing material feedthrough, method for the production thereof and uses thereof
US11945392B2 (en) * 2019-12-19 2024-04-02 Schott Ag Metal-fixing material feedthrough, method for the production thereof and uses thereof

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BE621551A (fi)
NL125523C (fi)
GB1001847A (en) 1965-08-18
NL283338A (fi)

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