US3202557A - Burn inhibitor for fluorocarbon bound propellants - Google Patents
Burn inhibitor for fluorocarbon bound propellants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3202557A US3202557A US3202557DA US3202557A US 3202557 A US3202557 A US 3202557A US 3202557D A US3202557D A US 3202557DA US 3202557 A US3202557 A US 3202557A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fluorocarbon
- paste
- propellants
- inhibitor
- burn
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 34
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Chemical compound C1N(S2(=O)=O)CN3S(=O)(=O)N1CN2C3 AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobutane Chemical class C1CCC1 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 24
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid ethyl ester Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 Tetramethylene tetramine Chemical compound 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960004011 Methenamine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000004804 Iberis amara Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001680 brushing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 Cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Incidol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002250 progressing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/3154—Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31544—Addition polymer is perhalogenated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a burn inhibitor material for propellant grains having a fluorocarbon copolymer as one of its constituents.
- inhibiting To prevent burning on certain selective areas on the surface of a propellant grain, these surfaces are coated or covered with a material which is not readily burned. This inert material is called an inhibitor, and the process of applying these is called inhibiting.
- the inhibiters in early rockets consisted of strips of plastic cemented to the grain according to a prescribed pattern. More recent rockets use the internal tubular charge in which burning is initiated at the inner surface, progressing outward. These grains must be so inhibited that no burning occurs on the outer surface, and the ends may also be protected from burning.
- the development of satisfactory inhibiting materials and techniques is considered by many to be one of the greatest problems to overcome in the advancement of rocket technology. There is a distinct difference between the materials and techniques used for inhibiting homogeneous and composite propellants.
- nitrocellulose-base systems use cellulosic materials such as cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose, while the composite propellants use the fuel or binder material without the oxidized.
- case-bonded propellants that is, those propellants whose outer surface is bonded directly to the rocket motor casing, only the ends need the inhibitor.
- the greatest use of inhibitors is for the cartridge loaded propellants or flares whereby the propellant is fully cured and then slipped into a case.
- Another object is to provide a material for inhibiting the burning of cartridge-loaded igniters and flares utilizing a fluorocarbon binder.
- a further object is to provide a non-burning material which is compatible with fluorocarbon bound compositions and has the economic advantages of being inexpensive and simple to apply.
- the present invention is a paste which may be applied to the exposed areas of the fluorocarbon type propellant or as an adhesive on one surface of a fluorocarbon tape such as Teflon.
- the paste is compounded from a solution of the copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and perfluoropropylene (Viton A) dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, or other suitable solvent, to which is added a catalytic amount of a curing agent. Tetramethylene tetramine, hexamethylene tetramine, dicumyl peroxide, and benzoyl peroxide were among those used. This mixture is stirred until a thick paste forms.
- the paste is applied by dipping or brushing the selected surfaces of the fluorocarbon bound propellant, flare or igniter and allowed to cure. In the curing process the solvent evaporates leaving a strong elastorneric burn inhibitor.
- the paste composition could be applied to a Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) tape which was made adhesible on one surface by treatment with sodium which etches the surface producing a carbonaceous layer to which the paste will stick. Teflon itself is unreactive and has a very low friction coefficient.
- a pressure sensitive tape was formed which is ideal for wrapping the fluorocarbon containing propellants, igniters and flares.
- the paste inhibitor may be applied to the outside surface and ends of a tubular designed grain, or the saturated Teflon tape may be wrapped around the grain and the paste applied to the ends.
- the control of diameter of a propellant grain is critical and this may be accomplished easily with tape for it is of constant dimension. It was found that a single layer of 20 mil tape was sufficient to inhibit burning in an extruded fluorocarbon containing propellant even after vigorous temperature cycling procedure. The ends were inhibited with the paste. This combination of tape and paste proved the most practical method of inhibiting the fluorocarbon containing propellants, flares and igniters.
- a burn inhibitor paste for fluorocarbon-containing propellant grains consisting essentially of the following ingredients (1) a ketone solution of the copolymer of vinylidene fluoride perfluoropropylene, and
- a curing agent selected from the group consisting of tetrarnethylene tetramine, and hexamethylene tetramine.
- a burn-inhibitor tape for fluorocarbon-containing propellant grains comprising (1) polytetrafluoroethylene tape having one adhesible surface, and
- said paste consisting essentially of a ketone solution of the copolymer vinylidene fluoride and perfluoropropylene and a catalytic amount of a curing agent selected from the group consisting of tetramethylene tetramine and hexamethylene tetramine.
- a burn inhibitor paste for fluorocarbon-containing (1) etching one side of a polytetrafiuoroethylene tape propellant grains consisting essentially of with sodium so as to form a carbonaceous surface,
- a method for preparing a burn inhibitor tape comprising the steps of CARL D. QUARFORTH, Primary Examiner.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,202,557 BURN INHIBITOR FOR FLUOROCARBON BOUND PROPELLANTS Martin H. Kaufman, China Lake, Calif., assignor to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy No Drawing. Filed Mar. 13, 1964, Ser. No. 352,433 5 Claims. (Cl. 149-10 (Granted under Title 35, U.S. Code (1952), sec. 266) The invention herein described may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
The present invention relates to a burn inhibitor material for propellant grains having a fluorocarbon copolymer as one of its constituents.
To prevent burning on certain selective areas on the surface of a propellant grain, these surfaces are coated or covered with a material which is not readily burned. This inert material is called an inhibitor, and the process of applying these is called inhibiting. The inhibiters in early rockets consisted of strips of plastic cemented to the grain according to a prescribed pattern. More recent rockets use the internal tubular charge in which burning is initiated at the inner surface, progressing outward. These grains must be so inhibited that no burning occurs on the outer surface, and the ends may also be protected from burning. The development of satisfactory inhibiting materials and techniques is considered by many to be one of the greatest problems to overcome in the advancement of rocket technology. There is a distinct difference between the materials and techniques used for inhibiting homogeneous and composite propellants. The nitrocellulose-base systems (homogeneous) use cellulosic materials such as cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose, while the composite propellants use the fuel or binder material without the oxidized. In case-bonded propellants, that is, those propellants whose outer surface is bonded directly to the rocket motor casing, only the ends need the inhibitor. The greatest use of inhibitors is for the cartridge loaded propellants or flares whereby the propellant is fully cured and then slipped into a case. The problem of finding materials suitable for inhibiting the extruded and cast fluorocarbon bound propellants (propellants containing fluorocarbon polymer constituents) had not been successfully solved up to the present because of plasticizer migration into the grain, incompatibility of the inhibitor and fluorocarbon propellant composition and cracking of the material after curing. The present invention overcomes the above mentioned difficulties.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a material which will prevent burning on certain selective areas on the surface of an extruded or cast fluorocarbon containing propellant grains.
Another object is to provide a material for inhibiting the burning of cartridge-loaded igniters and flares utilizing a fluorocarbon binder.
A further object is to provide a non-burning material which is compatible with fluorocarbon bound compositions and has the economic advantages of being inexpensive and simple to apply.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the in- 3,202,557 Patented Aug. 24, 1965 vention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.
The present invention is a paste which may be applied to the exposed areas of the fluorocarbon type propellant or as an adhesive on one surface of a fluorocarbon tape such as Teflon. The paste is compounded from a solution of the copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and perfluoropropylene (Viton A) dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, or other suitable solvent, to which is added a catalytic amount of a curing agent. Tetramethylene tetramine, hexamethylene tetramine, dicumyl peroxide, and benzoyl peroxide were among those used. This mixture is stirred until a thick paste forms. The paste is applied by dipping or brushing the selected surfaces of the fluorocarbon bound propellant, flare or igniter and allowed to cure. In the curing process the solvent evaporates leaving a strong elastorneric burn inhibitor.
It was also discovered that the paste composition could be applied to a Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) tape which was made adhesible on one surface by treatment with sodium which etches the surface producing a carbonaceous layer to which the paste will stick. Teflon itself is unreactive and has a very low friction coefficient. By application of the paste to the Teflon a pressure sensitive tape was formed which is ideal for wrapping the fluorocarbon containing propellants, igniters and flares.
The paste inhibitor may be applied to the outside surface and ends of a tubular designed grain, or the saturated Teflon tape may be wrapped around the grain and the paste applied to the ends.
The control of diameter of a propellant grain is critical and this may be accomplished easily with tape for it is of constant dimension. It was found that a single layer of 20 mil tape was sufficient to inhibit burning in an extruded fluorocarbon containing propellant even after vigorous temperature cycling procedure. The ends were inhibited with the paste. This combination of tape and paste proved the most practical method of inhibiting the fluorocarbon containing propellants, flares and igniters.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
What is claimed is:
I. A burn inhibitor paste for fluorocarbon-containing propellant grains consisting essentially of the following ingredients (1) a ketone solution of the copolymer of vinylidene fluoride perfluoropropylene, and
(2) a curing agent selected from the group consisting of tetrarnethylene tetramine, and hexamethylene tetramine.
2. A burn-inhibitor tape for fluorocarbon-containing propellant grains comprising (1) polytetrafluoroethylene tape having one adhesible surface, and
(2) a burn inhibitor paste adhering to said surface;
said paste consisting essentially of a ketone solution of the copolymer vinylidene fluoride and perfluoropropylene and a catalytic amount of a curing agent selected from the group consisting of tetramethylene tetramine and hexamethylene tetramine.
3 4 3. A burn inhibitor paste for fluorocarbon-containing (1) etching one side of a polytetrafiuoroethylene tape propellant grains consisting essentially of with sodium so as to form a carbonaceous surface,
(1) an ethyl acetate solution of the copolymer of vinyland idene fluoride and perfluoropropylene; and (2) brushing onto said surface a paste consisting of (2) tetramethylene tetramine. 5 (a) an ethyl acetate solution of a copolymer of 4. A burn inhibitor paste for fluorocarbon-containing vinylidene fluoride and perfluoropropylene; and propellant grains consisting essentially of (b) a catalytic amount of hexamethylene tetra- (1) a methylethyl ketone solution of the copolymer of mine.
vinylidene fluoride and perfiuoropropylene; and (2) hexamethylene tetrarnine. 10 No references cited- 5. A method for preparing a burn inhibitor tape comprising the steps of CARL D. QUARFORTH, Primary Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A BURN INHIBITOR PASTE FOR FLUOROCARBON-CONTAINING PROPELLANT GRAINS CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF THE FOLLOWING INGREDIENTS (1) A KETONE SOLUTION OF THE COPOLYMER OF VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE PERFLUOROPROPYLENE, AND (2) A CURING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF TETRAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE, AND HECAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3202557A true US3202557A (en) | 1965-08-24 |
Family
ID=3457637
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3202557D Expired - Lifetime US3202557A (en) | Burn inhibitor for fluorocarbon bound propellants |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3202557A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3420695A (en) * | 1964-11-09 | 1969-01-07 | Us Navy | Process for desensitizing metallic powders |
| US3484286A (en) * | 1966-12-05 | 1969-12-16 | Reeves Ind Inc | High temperature magnetic tape |
| US4362868A (en) * | 1979-09-24 | 1982-12-07 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britian And Northern Ireland | Plasticized cellulose polymers |
| US5250293A (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1993-10-05 | Gleich Gerald J | Method for the treatment of hypersensitivity diseases by administration of anionic polymers |
| US5498410A (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1996-03-12 | Gleich; Gerald J. | Method for the treatment of eosinophil-associated conditions with anionic polymers |
| US5681555A (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1997-10-28 | Gleich; Gerald J. | Method for the treatment of bronchial asthma by parenteral administration of anionic polymers |
| US20200049468A1 (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-02-13 | Thomas Faudree, IV | Device for controlling a rate of gas pressure increase in a gun barrel |
-
0
- US US3202557D patent/US3202557A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3420695A (en) * | 1964-11-09 | 1969-01-07 | Us Navy | Process for desensitizing metallic powders |
| US3484286A (en) * | 1966-12-05 | 1969-12-16 | Reeves Ind Inc | High temperature magnetic tape |
| US4362868A (en) * | 1979-09-24 | 1982-12-07 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britian And Northern Ireland | Plasticized cellulose polymers |
| US5250293A (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1993-10-05 | Gleich Gerald J | Method for the treatment of hypersensitivity diseases by administration of anionic polymers |
| US5498410A (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1996-03-12 | Gleich; Gerald J. | Method for the treatment of eosinophil-associated conditions with anionic polymers |
| US5681555A (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1997-10-28 | Gleich; Gerald J. | Method for the treatment of bronchial asthma by parenteral administration of anionic polymers |
| US5827512A (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1998-10-27 | Donlar Corporation | Method for the treatment of bronchial asthma and like hypersensitivity diseases by administration of anionic polymers |
| US20200049468A1 (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-02-13 | Thomas Faudree, IV | Device for controlling a rate of gas pressure increase in a gun barrel |
| US10767967B2 (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-09-08 | Thomas Faudree, IV | Device for controlling a rate of gas pressure increase in a gun barrel |
| US11199383B2 (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2021-12-14 | Thomas Faudree, IV | Device for controlling a rate of gas pressure increase in a gun barrel |
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