US3199848A

US3199848A - Fuel gas fired heater with automatic damper means

Info

Publication number: US3199848A
Application number: US250314A
Authority: US
Inventors: James A Harrison
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1963-01-09
Filing date: 1963-01-09
Publication date: 1965-08-10
Anticipated expiration: 1982-08-10

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet l J. A. HARRISON l HW Aug. 10, 1965 FUEL GAS FIRED HEATER WITH AUTOMATIC DAMPER MEANS Filed Jan. 9, 196s Aug. 10, 1965 J. A. HARRISON FUEL GAS FIRED HEATER WITH AUTOMATIC DAMPER MEANS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 9, 1963 United States Patent O 3,199,848 FUEL GS lfljsi'ihii V/i''nl AUTMATEC PEANS .lames A. Harrison, 25745@ Telegraph Road, Southfield, Mich. iled Jan. 9, 1963, Ser. No. 259,314

8 Claims. (Ci. 263-19) This invention relates to fuel gas tired heaters, and in particular to a burner for such a heater having an air damper associated therewith for maintaining a constant pressure drop across the burner automatically under all conditions.

li`he automatic damper disclosed herein is particularly designed to be used with a fuel gas iired heater such as those shown in my applications for patent Serial No. 239,103, tiled November 19, 1962, and Serial No. 154,995, tiled November 27, 1961. These heaters are of the direct iired, make-up air type, i. e., fuel gas is burned directly in the air to be heated, which is drawn from the outside and blown into the space to be warmed. The burner shown herein is similar in construction to that of the former application, but it will be apparent that other burners could be utilized as well to practice the invention.

in the use of fuel gas tired heaters such as those described in the above-indentified applications for patent, wherein the burner is operated in a moving air stream, a shutter or damper is provided to eliect a resistance to air iow and thus force combustion air through the burner wherein it is mixed with fuel gas to provide a combustible mixture. rThe damper is ordinarily set at a predetermined position to effect the desired iiow of combustion air through the burner, providing the ideal air-gas ratio for complete combustion. This is commonly done by determining the pressure drop across the burner required to produce the correct air-gas mixture, and then setting the air damper at that position which will provide such pressure drop.

if the rate of flow of combustion air through the heater remains constant, the damper or shutter can be secured in a predetermined position, and a constant pressure drop across the burner can be achieved. Under such unvarying con l ns, the air-gas ratio in the burner remains constant, and complete combustion is achieved. However, there are many factors present in the conventional makeup air heater which can effect the rate of flow of air through the heater. Some systems incorporate a mutli-speed blower for changing the rate oi air flow. in heaters provided with air filters, the filters may become clogged with dirt and dust, varying the air flow through the hea er. In fact, any lobstruction in the duet system of the heater could cause a variation in the air iiow. if the settinU of the shutter or damper is not changed to compensate for such variations in air how, the pressure drop across the burner changes, resulting in an unwanted dow condition. The air-gas ratio within the burner is thrown o, and complete combustion is not achieved.

it is therefore the primary object of the invention to provide a fuel gas red heater having an automatically adjustable, constant pressure drop air `damper or shutter therein, which damper is self-adjusting to insure a substantially constant tlow of combustion air through the heater burner under variations in the total rate of tlow of air through the heater and thus achieve complete con`1 "ation under various operating conditions. A

C-ther objects, advantages and meritorious features lCe will more fully appear from a consideration of the specication, claims and accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a vertical section taken through the fuel gas tired heater embodying my invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the burner assembly showing the automatic air damper and its relationship to the burner; and

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional View of the air damper taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2.

The invention as shown is embodied in what is generally known as a direct tired make-up type fuel gasair heater of the character disclosed in my patent application Serial No. 239,193. The heater shown in FiG. l generally comprises a housing or duct 1li which is closed on both sides, top and bottom, and which is provided with openings at the front and rear ends as indicated at 12 and 14. Bisposed within the duct 153' is a blower 1e which is preferably a conventional centrifugal type blower driven in any suitable fashion such as by the electric motor 18 connected to the blower by a belt drive 2u. The blower 16 may be supported in duct lil on a supporting bracket or the like 22. As is well understood in the art, the blower is provided with a housing 24, and rotation of the blower creates a partial vacuum adjacent its rotational axis, and blows air through the housing 2.4i for discharge out of the heater through opening 14. The partial vacuurn created in duct 1t? induces air to enter duct lo through the front end opening 12 and pass to the blower 16 so that air iiows through the duct lil from opening 12 out through opening 14, as indicated by the arrow in FiG. 1. When used as a make-up air heater opening 12 will be positioned to draw air from outside the space to be heated, and opening 14 will be arranged to discharge heated air into the space to be heated. Of course the heater could be located remote from the space to be heated, and an extension duct utilized to convey the heated air from opening 14 to the space to be heated.

To heat the air iiowing through duct 1li, there is proided a burner assembly generally indicated at 25 in FIG. 1 and a fuel gas manifold assembly generally indicated at 28. The manifold assembly serves to furnish tluel gas to the burner assembly, wherein it is mixed with a portion of the air flowing through duct liti to provide a combustible mixture which will burn along the downstream edge jil of the burner assembly 26,

Details of the construction of burner assembly 26 and manifold assembly 2d are fully disclosed in my prior application Serial No. 239,103 and will not be repeated herein. The manifold assembly generally comprises an upright tube 32 connected at its lower end to a fuel gas supply pipe 3a through a four-way coupling 36. Preferably there is connected in the supply pipe 34 a temperature responsive fuel gas control valve (not shown). Also, as is conventional practice in the industry, a fuel gas pressure regulating Valve is provided in the gas supply line upstream of the gas control valve. Tube 32 is provided along its length with a plurality of gas escape orilices 33 in gas discharge relation with the burner assembly 2o, and a piston-1ii e valve element free floating within the tube. As the incoming gas forces the piston upwardly in the tube 32, more and more gas oriiices are exposed, and the Btu. output of the heater is increased, as more fully described in my prior application Serial No. 239,103 above referred to.

Disposed adjacent the manifold and in fuel gas receiving relation therewith is the burner assembly 26, which includes an arrangement of burner tubes 38 spaced from the manifold to allow the entry of both the gas escaping from the gas tube 32 as well as a portion of the air iiowing through the duct 10, which air enters through opening 52. Air and fuel gas are mixed together within the tubes 38, and the resultant mixture burns at the downstream end 3@ of the burner assembly 26.

Extending across the duct lil at the downstream end 3G of the burner assembly 26 there is positioned an air shutter or damper generally indicated by numeral 4b. Such damper preferably includes a peripheral frame having

vertical end members

44 and 46, and top and bottom members 4S and 59, which may be secured to the inwardly facing walls of duct it) as by bolts, u'vets or the like. In addition, there are two spaced-apart vertical supporting7 members 5l and 52, one on each side of, and spaced laterally from the burner assembly 26 to provide an open area indicated at 53. As shown in FIG. 2, the damper 4t) is provided with six

movable blades

54, 56, 5S, 5t?, 62 and 64. The

blades

55, 58, 62 and 64 are plvotally mounted within frame 4t? on the

short shafts

66, 63, 70 and 72, respectively, which have their opposite ends journaled in the

frame members

44, 52 and 46, 51, as shown. The uppermost pair of blades, 54 and 6i), are pivotally mounted on a long shaft 74 extending completely across the damper 4G, and supportingly journaled in the

vertical frame members

4d, 46, 52 and 51. Each of the damper blades is provided at its lower edge with a projecting bracket 76 (see FIG. 3), which may be secured to each blade as by welding. Each vertically aligned set of blades such as

blades

54, 56 and 53, are mechanically connected together for conjoint movement by linkage 78, as shown in FIG. 3, which is pivotally secured as at S6 to each of the brackets 76. The set of blades S4, 55 and 58 is operatively connected to the set of blades et?, 62 and 64 by the long shaft 74, so that all six blades move in unison.

The damper blades are yieldingly biased toward the closed position as shown in solid lines in FIGS. 2 and 3 by means such as the weight indicated at S2 (FIG. 2). The direction of air tiow is indicated by the arrows in FIGS. 2 and 3. A lever arm 84 is rigidly mounted on shaft 74, and the weight 82 is adjustably mounted on the lever arm 8d. This may be accomplished by providing a cut-out in the weight 32 through which the lever arm is slidably received, and threading a set screw S6 into the weight to bear against the arm and lock the weight in any predetermined position on the arm. As the amount of biasing force exerted is dependent upon the product of weight vmultiplied by the length of the lever arm, the force tending to move the blades toward their closed position may be easily and effectively varied by repositioning the weight 82 on the lever arm S4. Of course, as will be obvious to one skilled in the art, the blades could be biased hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically instead of by the weight as shown.

Referring to FIG. 2, the burner assembly is schematically shown at 26. As can be seen, the vertically disposed frame members Si and 52 are spaced laterally from the edges of the burner tubes, providing an open space adjacent the burner through which air may freely flow. Thus, even if the damper blades are tightly closed, the duct lil is not completely blocked, and some air in addition to that received within the burner tubes is allowed to by-pass the damper 4t?.

In the fuel gas tired heater shown in the drawings, the output of the heater is varied merely by varying the rate of supply of fuel gas to the manifold assembly 2S. The rate of how of air through the burner assembly Z6 should remain substantially constant during variation in the tiring rate of the heater. Thus, the rate of flow of air through each of the burner tubes 33 remains the same throughout the range of operation of the heater. For example, if it is desired to operate the heater at one-half capacity, fuel gas will be delivered through the manifold tube 32 to the lower half of the burner tubes 38, wherein fuel gas and air will be mixed to provide a combustible mixture which will burn at the downstream end 3G of the tubes 33 that are operative. Although no fuel gas will be delivered to the upper one-half of the burner tubes 38,

air will flow through such tubes at the seme rate it does through the operative tubes. Variation in the ring rate of the heater may then be accomplished by merely varying the rate of fuel gas delivery to the manifold assembly 28, while the rate of flow of air to the burner assenbly remains constant.

While it is necessary to retain the rate of flow of air through the burner assembly 26 constant throughout the operating range of the heater, there are various factors that may operate to Change the total rate of flow of air through the heater or the duct I9. The blower I6 could, for example, be a multi-speed blower, in which case the air flow would be dependent on the blower speed. If the system is provided with air lters (not shown) to insure dirt free air being delivered to the space to be heated, the filters may become clogged with dirt and dust, which would result in a variation in the ow. The presence of any kind of an obstruction in the duct system of the heater would likewise cause a variation in the how of air through the system.

In conventional fuel gas fired heaters, variations in the rate of air flow through the system cause a corresponding variation in the rate of flow through the burner assembly itself, with a consequent variation in the pressure drop yacross the burner. If the rate of flow of air through the burner varies, the air-gas ratio in the burner will change, and complete combustion will not be achieved. By providing the novel construction disclosed herein, the ideal air-gas ratio in the burner is retained substantially constant under all conditions, and complete combustion is assured.

Supposing, for example, that under ideal conditions, with blower 16 operating `at full capacity, and with no Obstructions to affect the flow through duct Iii, that the desired pressure drop across the burner 26 is achieved when the damper blades are wide open, as shown in phantom lines in FIG. 2 and by the dotted lines in FIG. 3. Weight 82 is selectively positioned along lever S4 and locked by set screw 36 at that point which will just barely retain the damper wide open under those conditions Therefore, when blower 16 is rotated at full speed by motor 18, the pressure of the air induced to flow through duct It) in the direction of the arrows, will act against the damper blades to shift them to their fully open positions. As the blades are connected together by the linkage 78 and shaft 74 for conjoint movement, each blade will be fully open. If for any reason, such as variation in blower speed, clogged air lters, obstruction of opening 12, or the like, the rate of iow of air through the duct 10 is lessened, the pressure of the air against the damper blades will be correspondingly reduced, and the blades will move toward their closed position under the lbiasing influence of the weight 82. This of course reduces the eective cross sectional area of the duct 1G in direct relation to the reduction in air pressure against the blades lof damper 4t), so that the rate of ow of air through the burner Z6 and the pressure drop thereacross remains substantially constant. The proper air-gas ratio is thus maintained in the burner, and complete combustion is achieved. The term combustion air, as it is used herein, refers to that air which actually passes through the burn er. The remainder of the air flowing through the heater may be appropriately referred to as air of dilution. Thus it is the rate of ow of combustion air which must be retained substantially constant to assure an ideal air-gas ratio under all operating conditions.

What I clai-m is:

1. In a fuel gas tired heater: means for inducing a ilow of air through said heater; means for delivering fuel gas to said heater under pressure; a burner defining a plurality of burner port openings for receiving and dividing a portion of said air into a plurality of individual combustion air steams and gas escape orice means for introducing fuel gas into said air streams; and a movable air control damper supported in said heater alongside of said burner in said air stream, and including means yieldingly `biasing the damper to a normally closed position preventing said flow of air from by-passing said burner, said damper responsive to increased air pressure thereagainst to be shifted to progressively m re open positions permitting increasing amounts of air owing through the heater to by-pass said burner in direct proportion to the increase in air pressure differential across said damper to thereby maintain the rate of iiow of sad combustion air through said burner port openings substantially constant during variations in the total rate of flow of air through said heater.

2. ln a fuel gas red heater, a duct; means for inducing a flow of air through the duct; a burner in said duct having burner port opening means adapted to receive combustion air owing through the duct; means for delivering fuel gas to said burner including gas discharge orifice means for directing fuel gas into the combustion air in the burner to provide a combustible air-gas mixture; and means for maintaining the rate of flow of combustion air to said burner substantially constant, said means including a movable air damper supported in the. duct immediately laterally adjacent said burner, and biasing means yielding urging said damper to a normally closed position blocking the flow of air by-passing said burner, and movable to progressively more open positions in response to increased air pressure differential thereacr ss to thereby vary the open area of the duct adjacent the burner in direct proportion to the rate of flow of air through said duct.

3. In a fuel gas fired heater, a duct; means for inducing a flow of air through said duct; fuel gas delivery means for supplying fuel gas under pressure to said heater; a burner including a `burner member coupled to said fuel gas delivery means and adapted to receive and mix together fuel gas and combustion air to provide a combustible mixture; means for maintaining the rate of ow of combustion air through said burner substantially constant, said means including an air damper positioned in said duct immediately adjacent said burner and movable between open and closed positions to vary the eective open cross-sectional area of the duct, damper control means connected to said damper and responsive to variations in the rate of flow of air through said duct at said burner member to reposition said damper in direct relation to the air pressure differential across said damper to thereby maintain the rate of ow of combustion air through said burner member substantially constant throughout variations in the total rate of lio'w of air through the duct.

4. In a fuel gas fired heater: an air supply duct; means for inducing a flow of air through said duct; fuel gas delivery means for delivering fuel gas under pressure to said heater; a burner member coupled to said fuel gas delivery means and deiining burner port opening means arranged within said duct to receive combustion a;r and mix the fuel gas and combustion air together to provide a combustible mixture; an air damper extending across said duct immediately laterally adjacent said burner member; said damper including louvers movable between open and closed positions to vary the effective cross-sectional area of said duct adjacent said burner member; control means coupled to said louvers and yieldingly biasing the louvers to a closed position in opposition to the force exerted on the louvers by the pressure of the air stream flowing in said duct to thereby vary the effective open area of the duct at said burner member in direct relation to the static air pressure dilferential in the duct across said damper, whereby the rate of how of combustion air through said burner port opening means is maintained substantially constant irrespective of variation in the total rate of flow of air through the duct.

S. A fuel gas fired heater comprising in combination: an air duct; means for inducing a dow of air through said duct; an air control damper positioned in said duct asas for selectively varying the effective cross-sectional area of the duct and having an opening therein; a burner member positioned within said opening in the damper and dening a plurality of burner ports for receiving and dividing combustion air flowing through said damper opening into a plurality of individual combustion air streams; means for delivering fuel gas under pressure to said burner including gas escape orifice means arranged to direct fuel gas into said combustion air streams; said air damper including a plurality of movable blades connected together for conjoint movement; and biasing means operably connected to said blades and urging the blades toward a closed position blocking air ilow by-passing said burner member, said biasing means yieldingly shiftable in response to increased air static pressure differential across said blades to permit shiftable movement of the blades to progressively more open positions in direct relation to the increase in air pressure differential to thereby maintain the rate of flow of combustion air through said burner ports substantially constant during variations in the rate of ow of air through said duct.

6. A fuel gas fired heater comprising, in combination: a duct; a blower for inducing a flow of air through the duct; a burner assembly defining a plurality of burner port openings positioned in the duct for receiving and dividing combustion air into a plurality of individual combustion air streams; a fuel gas delivery assembly including a fuel gas manifold and means for delivering fuel gas under pressure to the manifold and gas escape orifice means opening outwardly of the manifold to direct fuel gas into the individual combustion air streams; fuel gas control valve means for varying the rate of fuel gas delivery to said manifold; an air damper extending transversely across the duct and including a plurality of damper blades pivotally supported on opposite sides of said burner assembly substantially at the downstream end thereof, said damper blades being coupled together for conjoint pivotal movement between open and closed positions to vary the eective cross-sectional area of said duct; and means operatively connected to said damper and yieldingly biasing said damper blades to a normally closed position blocking said duct adjacent said burner assembly, said damper blades responsive to increased air pressure thereagainst being shifted counter the force exerted by said biasing means toward said open position permitting a portion of said air to flow through the duct oy-passing said burner assembly, to thereby vary the effective cross-sectional area of the duct adjacent said burner assembly in direct proportion to the air static pressure differential across said damper and maintain the rate of flow of combustion air through said burner port openings substantially constant irrespective of variations in the total rate of flow of air through the duct.

7. The invention as deiined in claim 6 characterized in that said burner port openings and said air damper are disposed in spaced relation transversely within said duct to provide an open area therebetween through which a portion of said air may freely ow by-passing both said burner port openings and said damper.

S. The invention as defined in claim 6 characterized in that said means yieldingly biasing said damper blades comprises a lever arm having a Weight mounted thereon and adjustably positionable along the lever arm to selectively vary the biasing force exerted against the damper blades, and locking means for locking the weight in a predetermined position along said lever arm.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,663,644 3/28 Weaver et al.

1,670,626 5/28 Lalor.

2,355,897 8/44 Wyld 158-28 2,836,409 5/58 Harrison 263-19 JAMES W. WESTHAVER, Primary Examiner.

Claims

1. IN A FUEL GAS FIRED HEATER: MEANS FOR INDUCING A FLOW OF AIR THROUGH SAID HEATER; MEANS FOR DELIVERING FUEL GAS TO SAID HEATER UNDER PRESSURE; A BURNER DEFINING A PLU-RALITY OF BURNER PORT OPENINGS FOR RECEIVING AND DIVIDING A PORTION OF SAID AIR INTO A PLURALITY OF INDIVIDUAL COMBUSTION AIR STEAMS AND GAS ESCAPE ORIFICE MEANS FOR INTRODUC-ING FUEL GAS INTO SAID AIR STREAMS; AND A MOVABLE AIR CONTROL DAMPER SUPPORTED IN SAID HEATER ALONGSIDE OF SAID BURNER IN SAID AIR STREAM, AND INCLUDING MEANS YIELDINGLY BIASING THE DAMPER TO A NORMALLY CLOSED POSITION PREVENTING SAID FLOW OF AIR FROM BY-PASSING SAID BURNER, SAID DAMPER RESPONSIVE TO INCREASED AIR PRESSURE THEREAGAINST TO BE SHIFTED TO PROGRESSIVELY MORE OPEN POSITIONS PER-MITTING INCREASING AMOUNTS OF AIR FLOWING THROUGH THE HEATER TO BY-PASS SAID BURNER IN DIRECT PROPORTION TO THE INCREASE IN AIR PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL ACROSS SAID DAMPER TO THEREBY MAINTAIN THE RATE OF FLOW OF SAD COMBUSTION AIR THROUGH SAID BURNER PORT OPENINGS SUBSTANTIALLY CONSTANT DURING VARIATIONS IN THE TOTAL RATE OF FLOW OF AIR THROUGH SAID HEATER.