US3199574A - Falling film-evaporators and rotor structure therefor - Google Patents

Falling film-evaporators and rotor structure therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3199574A
US3199574A US151671A US15167161A US3199574A US 3199574 A US3199574 A US 3199574A US 151671 A US151671 A US 151671A US 15167161 A US15167161 A US 15167161A US 3199574 A US3199574 A US 3199574A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rotor
processing zone
housing
vane portion
fluid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US151671A
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English (en)
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Keller Emil
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Luwa Ltd
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Luwa Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
    • B01D1/222—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts
    • B01D1/223—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts containing a rotor
    • B01D1/225—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts containing a rotor with blades or scrapers

Definitions

  • This present invention relates generally to an apparatus for the processing of fluid or fluent materials, such as an evaporating and concentrating apparatus for fluids or liquids which is a falling film type of evaporator.
  • the processing apparatus ofthe present invention is particularly noteworthy in its new and improved rotor construction which comprises both relatively fixed and relatively which there is provided an apparatus for directly or indirectly influencing the temperature of the wall of the hou ing and the material to be processed which is lying thereagainst, as by heating or cooling, Whereas, on the inner wall side of the housing flowable or fluent material to be processed, as for example, fluids, liquids, pastes, granular, pulverant or like substances are applied in a relatively thin layer to the inner housing wall to form a free-falling film which is directed in the axial direction.
  • the fluent or fluid material is applied to the inner wall of the tubular housing in the form of a thin layer by means of a coaxially arranged and rotatable rotor member.
  • fluid medium or material as employed hereinafter should be understood to embrace any and all such materials which can be treated with the apparatus of the present invention, as for example, of the type previously enumerated.
  • Free falling evaporators or evaporators as employed in the narrower sense that is to say, such constructions in which the solvents or otherwise contained in the fluid material are to be evaporated, are presently embodied in two principal forms, namely; either with vanes which are rigidly secured to the rotor or with stirring paddles or wiper blades which are movably secured thereto.
  • Evaporators constructed with rigid rotor blades deposit a fluid film on the heated wall of the housing at a thickness corresponding approximately to the play or spacing between the outer edge of the rotor blades and the inner wall of the housing. Since the quantity of fluid material which flows per second in a longitudinal direction and vertically through a transverse cross-sectional area of the housing must be greater than the nominal flow rate or .volume per unit time at this-cross-sectional area (i.e., the flow rate determined by the film thickness, the circumference of the film and the average fluid layer velocity in the axial direction) in order to achieve a direct influence on the fluid film by the rigid rotor vanes, evaporators of such type are relatively limited in the quantity or throughput of fluid material which they can adequately handle.
  • the throughput of material being processed must be great enough to exceed somewhat the theoretical throughput that would be just suflicient to fill the annular clearance space described between the rotor vanes when rotatthe inner surface of the processing chamber, for unless the throughput is great enough to provide such excess the fluid film is not maintained sufllciently thick for active contact by the outer edges of the rotor vanes.
  • the rigid rotor blades are able to remain in contact with the fluid film, they can influence an intensive turbulence by virtue of theformed wavelike fluid crests and the rotation of the edge of the rotor blading, which considerably increases the rate of heat exchange of the heated housing wall in comparison with an essentially free-falling film.
  • the increased turbulence permits a considerably greater heat transfer per unit surface even with heat sensitive products, without resulting in damage to such products by virtue of the increased temperature of the heated wall.
  • the thus constructed rotor blading will work along the length of the evaporator in the manner of a separator, and in such a manner that the dislodged droplets or fluid particles will again be thrown or directed back into the fluid film by the centrifugal forces.
  • the relatively movable wiper blades which for the most part merely glide over the surface of the fluid film, are not able to achieve as intensive a fluid turbulence as the rigid rotor blades. Consequently, the layer of fluid medium isnot replenished or renewed on the wall surface of the housing to the same degree as when employing rigid rotor blading, whereby also the heat exchange capacity changes.
  • Another important object of the present invention' is to provide an apparatus for the processing of fluid materials in an efficient and reliable manner and which permits for an effective heat exchange between the wall of the housing and the material distributed thereon in the form of a fluid film.
  • Still another important object of the present invention is to provide a processin apparatus which is economical to manufacture, easy to assemble and disassemble, as well as being easy to clean and service.
  • Yet another important object of t.e present invention is to provide a novel rotor structure for a material processing apparatus comprising both relatively fixed and relatively movable rotor vanes.
  • a further important object of the present invention is to provide a novel rotor construction which effectively causes distribution of the material to be handled in a film-like manner on the wall of the housing of the processing apparatus, redistributes dislodge-d fiuid particles back onto said housing wall, effectively works throughout the entire heat transfer zone of the housing, and can be assembled and disassembled in a relatively simplified manner.
  • the evaporator designed according to the teachings of the present invention is provided with the feature that in the region of the wall of the housing where the larger thickness of the layer of the material to be processed appears, the rotor blades are rigidly constructed and spaced from the wall of the housing, whereas the vanes located in the region of the housing where there appears a smaller thickness of the fluid layers are constructed so as to give and be relatively movable and are adapted to be urged or driven toward the wall of the housing.
  • the wiper blades in fully extended radial position possess a radial dimension measured from the rotor axis which is greater than the radial distance to the inner housing wall.
  • the wiper blades will trail the fixed rotor blades and will be continuously urged into surface contact with the fluid layer irrespective of its thickness.
  • the movable wiper blades even in their most radial extended position still provide a relatively small clearance at their tip end from the inner wall of the housing of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a longitudinal, elevational view of an evaporator designed according to the teachings of the present invention, with a portion of the Wall thereof removed to reveal the interior rotor thereof it appears at rest;
  • P16. 2 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the evaporator shown in FIG. 1 and taken along lines lI-II thereof, but showing the rotor as it appears when rotating as indicated by the FIG. 2 directional arrow;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged, fragmentary view of a portion of the rotor blading employed in the evaporator of FIG. 1 substantially as seen from the section line IIIIII in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of a variant construction of the rotor blading employed in the embodiment of the processing apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, substantially as would be seen at the section line lV-IV in FIG. 1 when the rotor is rotating as indicated by the FIG. 4 directional arrow.
  • FIGS. 1-3 there is illustrated an apparatus for processing different kinds of fluid materials or the like, such as an evaporator, generally designated by the refer ence numeral 1.
  • the evaporator 1 is provided with a suitable longitudinally extending evaporator housing or tubular casing 5, at the upper end of which there is mounted a separator unit 2.
  • a rotatable rotor member 3 is mounted internally of the evaporator housing 5 and is rotatably supported at its lower end in a bearing 4 located at the lower end In of the evaporator 1. It will thus be appreciated that the rotor member 3 is enclosed by the evaporator housing 5 and is driven by a suitable drive motor 3a via pulley means 312.
  • the evaporator housing 5 At the lower end 1:; of the evaporator housing 5 there is arranged an outlet member 6 for the non-vaporized residue or material. Adjacent the upper end lb of the evaporator 1 there is provided a supply conduit 7 for supplying the fluid medium or the like which is to be evaporated.
  • the evaporafor housing 5 is encompassed by a suitable temperature exchange arrangement, such as a heating jacket formed of the double-section members 8 and 9 which are arranged endwise to one another in the axial direction of the evaporator housing 5.
  • Each of the heating section members 8 and 9 are provided with a delivery flange 11 and a discharge flange 12 for the supply and return of a suitable heat exchange medium to the heating jacket members 8 and 5.
  • the temperature exchange means 8, 9 may be designed to cool the material deposited upon the housing wall 5a.
  • the rotor member 3 is formed as a star-shaped member possessing three equidistantly spaced elongated blades or fins 13 including an upper vane portion 13b which extends almost to the inner wall 5a of the evaporator housing 5 in the upper region of said housing surrounded by the heating jacket portion 8.
  • the blades and in particular the upper vane portion 131) are spaced from the inner wall 5a of the evaporator housing 5 a predetermined amount to provide a suitable clearance or space tolerance therebetween, the magnitude of which is selected to take into account the fitting toleranccs during assembly of the device, as Well as the dif ferent thermal expansion of the rotor 3 and the housing 5 of the evaporator 1.
  • the teachings of the present invention are not limited to a rotor construction possessing three blades, as other blade numbers are obviously contemplated.
  • the blade members 13 are each provided with a necked or recessed portion 14 to define the lower vane portion 13:: which is of smaller Width than the respectiveupper vane portion 13b of the blades 13.
  • Attached to the inwardly necked and smaller width, vane portions 13a are the axially and radially movable wiper blades 16.
  • the wiper blades 16 and recessed blade portions 13a are provided with suitably formed slots or cutouts 2i) and 21, respectively, adapted to detachably receive the respective ring-shaped articulating or connecting members 15, which piercingly extend through the wiper blades 16.
  • each blade 13 of the rotor is constituted by an elongated body member having an upper vane portion 13b and a lower vane portion 13a, said vane portion 13a being of smaller radial extent than the upper vane portion 13b and integral therewith.
  • the relatively movable wiper blades 16 which can move in both the radial and axial directions, as will be more fully described hereinafter.
  • the wiper blades 16 are provided with the slots 20 and the lower vane portions 13a with the slots 21 for suitably receiving the connecting members in such a manner as to afford these connecting members a certain degree of play.
  • suitable retaining or holding plates 22 and 23 FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the retaining plates 22, 23 are respectively fastened to the movable wiper blades 16 (or 16'), and to the lower rotor vane portion 13a, at a certain required distance from the connecting member 15 so as not to interfere with the desired degree of play or movement thereof.
  • the rotor 3 can be assembled and disassembled from the evaporator housing 5, as for example during cleaning thereof, in a relatively simple manner, whereby the danger that the wiper blades 16 will become damaged as by twisting or otherwise is effectively minimized or prevented.
  • the width of the wiper blades 16 is so chosen that when the wiper blades 16 are brought into their complete extended position in the radial direction of the lower blade portions 13a, that is to say, prior to assembly within the housing 5, the distance between the outer edge 16a of the wiper blades 16 and the axis of rotation of the rotor 3 is greater than the radial distance from said axis of rotation to the inner wall 5a of the evaporator housing 5.
  • the rotor member 3 when assembled in the evaporator housing 5 will exhibit rearwardly directed wiper blades 15, when viewed with respect to the direction of rotation of the rotor 3 as denoted by the arrow A of FIG. 2, so that the wiper blades 16 trail the rigid vane portions 13a and 13]; during the operation of the apparatus.
  • the fluid in'a dium received from the. supply conduit 7 isfuniformly distributed on the inner wall. 5a of the evaporator housing 5 by means of the rotor blades 13.
  • the incoming quantity of fluid medium it, is :possible to ensure that the thickness of the fluid layer or film in' the region of the inlet to the evaporator housing 5, and which is distributedonto the inner wall 5a thereof, approximates or is slightly larger than the spacing between the free end 13c of the vane portion 13b and the inner wall 511 of the evaporator housing 5.
  • the thickness of the fluid filmor'layer continuously decreases as such'fil mmoves downwardly away from the supply conduit 7, and at the lower end of the rotor 3 forms a fluid layer mass which is smaller than the afore-described spacing between the blade edge 13c and inner housing Wall 5a.
  • FIG. 4 there is depicted a rotor construction 3 in which the relatively movable wiper blades 16' are constructed to possess such a width that the outermost edge 18 can extend very close to the inner Wall 5a of the evaporator housing 5 without, however, scraping there against.
  • Such constructed Wiper blades 16' may be formed of a relatively thick sheet or plate, which during the operation of the'apparatus and by virtue of its large mass is urged with a large force into a radial extended position, with- ;out however contacting the housing wall 5a.
  • the use and arrangement of blades having this variant constructional form are described at furtherlength and claimed in copending application Serial No. 234,505, filed'October 31, 1962.
  • the wiper blades '16 to the vane portions 13a, byway of example, with oval-shaped connecting means, hinges or the like, instead of with the ring-shaped connecting members previously described. It is only necessary, of course, that the wiper blades 16 be articulated at the extended, reduced width, lower vane portion 13a of the blades 13, and in such a manner as to be relativelymovable with respect to the rigid vane portions 13a and 13b of the rotor blading 13.
  • the rotor member throughout its entire length is effective as a separator element. Such is true, even if the rotor vanes are provided with perforations or cutouts. It is further not absolutely necessary that the heating or cooling jacket portions extend over the entire length of the housing of the apparatuspThus,
  • the apparatus described herein need not be restricted solely to a vertically arranged housing and thus, the terms upper and lower as employed herein are to be understood in their broader sense to indicate in a general way the direction of flow of the fluent material through the processing apparatus. While in a preferred embodiment of the invention the fiow direction is essentially influenced by gravity, it is possible to arrange the structure described horizontally with its longitudinal axis lying in a substantially horizontal direction. In such a case, the term upper or upper portion as employed herein indicates the region of entry of the material and lower or lower portion denotes the region of efflux of the material. In such an arrangement,
  • the moving film can be influenced by forces other than gravity, as for instance centrifugal forces.
  • contact as used herein is not restricted only to an actual physical contact of the blading means with the fluent material, and is also employed in the sense of indirect contact or influencing the fluid film through air or otherwise which may be disposed between the edge of the blading and said film.
  • the material processing apparatus of the present invention is readily suitable for continuously processing fluids in a variety of ways.
  • the apparatus may be employed, by way or" example, as an evaporating and concentrating apparatus, orfor distillation of liquids or in any other manner which will readily suggest itself to those skilled in the art.
  • the invention is readily adapted for carrying out exothermic and endothermic reactions.
  • a housing having inner wall portions defining a fluent material processing zone extending from an inlet region to an outlet region, means for providing heat transfer through the inner housing wall portions at said processing zone, means for directing the delivery of fluent material to said processing zone at said inlet region, rotor means disposed within said housing at said processing zone, drive means for rotating said rotor means to cause layer forming action thereby within said processing zone, said rotor means including elongated upstream and downstream vane portions that are rigidly supported and extend integrally through said processing zone, the upstream vane portion presenting a relatively fixed outer edge portion thereof for layer forming action in spaced relation to said inner housing wall portions adjacent the inlet region of said processing zone, the downstream vane portion being of lesser radial extent so as to present a relatively fixed outer edge portion thereof in substantially greater spaced relation to said inner housing wall portions than said upstream vane portion, and said downstream vane portion carrying at least one wiper blade element for layerforming action at said inner housing wall portions under the
  • a rotor structure for layer forming action within apparatus for processing fluent material in thin layer form; a rotor hub, a plurality of elongated blade members supported rigidly by said rotor hub, and each of said blade members having a first lengthwise vane portion presenting a relatively fixed outer edge and a second continuing lengthwise vane portion having a lesser radial extent and carrying a relatively movable wiper blade element, the fully extended radial extent of said wiper blade element and said second vane portion exceeding the radial extent of said first vane portion.
  • a layer forming blade structure for use in apparatus arranged to process fluent material in thin layer form; said blade structure comprising a first lengthwise vane portion presenting a relatively fixed layer forming edge, and a second continuing lengthwise vane portion having a lesser radial extent and carrying a relatively movable wiper blade element for succeeding differential layer forming action in relation to the fixed edge of said first vane portion.
  • a housing having wall portions defining a fluent material processing zone, means for providing heat transfer through the housing Wall at said processing zone, rotor means mounted for layer forming rotation within said housing, drive means for rotating said rotor means, said rotor means including an elongated rigidly supported blade structure extending through said processing zone with a first lengthwise vane portion thereof presenting a relatively fixed layer forming edge at the housing wall, and with a second continuing lengthwise vane portion thereof carrying at least one relatively movable wiper blade element for layer forming action at said housing wall, said wiper blade element being carried at said second vane portion by annular members received and retained freely within respective apertures provided in said second vane portion and said wiper blade element so that the latter is rendered both axially and radially movable with respect to the former.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
US151671A 1960-11-14 1961-11-13 Falling film-evaporators and rotor structure therefor Expired - Lifetime US3199574A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1272960A CH390222A (de) 1960-11-14 1960-11-14 Dünnschichtbehandlungsapparat

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US3199574A true US3199574A (en) 1965-08-10

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US (1) US3199574A (de)
BE (1) BE610177A (de)
CH (1) CH390222A (de)
DE (1) DE1258827B (de)
GB (1) GB998022A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3395989A (en) * 1964-04-03 1968-08-06 Perstorp Ab Apparatus for the production of formic acid
US3650906A (en) * 1968-04-13 1972-03-21 Zieren Chemiebau Gmbh Dr A Thin film heating for the preliminary purification of crude phthalic anhydride
US3695327A (en) * 1969-03-21 1972-10-03 Luwa Ag Wiped thin film evaporation and treatment apparatus
US4160692A (en) * 1976-12-10 1979-07-10 Henry Balfour & Company Limited Wiped film evaporators
US6076371A (en) * 1998-06-29 2000-06-20 Southwest Instruments Company, Inc. Frozen beverage storage and dispensing apparatus
US6403519B1 (en) * 1998-12-22 2002-06-11 Solvay Polyolefins Europe-Belgium (Societe Anonyme) Process for the preparation of a catalyst for the polymerization of alpha-olefins, catalyst obtained and polymerization process using such a catalyst
US20120129242A1 (en) * 2010-11-23 2012-05-24 Charles David Gilliam Falling Film Evaporator
CN109458765A (zh) * 2018-12-17 2019-03-12 江苏世林博尔制冷设备有限公司 一种基于传感技术的自动控温的降膜式蒸发器
CN110025969A (zh) * 2019-03-29 2019-07-19 无锡化工装备股份有限公司 一种降膜式蒸发器及液体分布方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1576838A (en) * 1921-02-04 1926-03-16 Howard S Mellott Concentrator
US2175406A (en) * 1938-08-31 1939-10-10 William D Osborn Chain-head, descaling auger
US2542270A (en) * 1948-11-05 1951-02-20 Hurd Corp Scraper apparatus for centrifugal evaporators
US2542269A (en) * 1948-11-05 1951-02-20 Hurd Corp Scraper apparatus for centrifugal evaporators
US2546381A (en) * 1947-03-03 1951-03-27 Hurd Corp Apparatus for concentrating liquids
DE1061293B (de) * 1958-05-07 1959-07-16 Bayer Ag Ausbildung und Anordnung von Wischern in Duennschichtverdampfern
US2974725A (en) * 1954-05-04 1961-03-14 Bayer Ag Process and apparatus for continuously obtaining dry materials

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB789710A (en) * 1955-07-15 1958-01-29 Maximilian Koffler Vacuum evaporator for concentrating juices and other liquids

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1576838A (en) * 1921-02-04 1926-03-16 Howard S Mellott Concentrator
US2175406A (en) * 1938-08-31 1939-10-10 William D Osborn Chain-head, descaling auger
US2546381A (en) * 1947-03-03 1951-03-27 Hurd Corp Apparatus for concentrating liquids
US2542270A (en) * 1948-11-05 1951-02-20 Hurd Corp Scraper apparatus for centrifugal evaporators
US2542269A (en) * 1948-11-05 1951-02-20 Hurd Corp Scraper apparatus for centrifugal evaporators
US2974725A (en) * 1954-05-04 1961-03-14 Bayer Ag Process and apparatus for continuously obtaining dry materials
DE1061293B (de) * 1958-05-07 1959-07-16 Bayer Ag Ausbildung und Anordnung von Wischern in Duennschichtverdampfern

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3395989A (en) * 1964-04-03 1968-08-06 Perstorp Ab Apparatus for the production of formic acid
US3650906A (en) * 1968-04-13 1972-03-21 Zieren Chemiebau Gmbh Dr A Thin film heating for the preliminary purification of crude phthalic anhydride
US3695327A (en) * 1969-03-21 1972-10-03 Luwa Ag Wiped thin film evaporation and treatment apparatus
US4160692A (en) * 1976-12-10 1979-07-10 Henry Balfour & Company Limited Wiped film evaporators
US6076371A (en) * 1998-06-29 2000-06-20 Southwest Instruments Company, Inc. Frozen beverage storage and dispensing apparatus
US6403519B1 (en) * 1998-12-22 2002-06-11 Solvay Polyolefins Europe-Belgium (Societe Anonyme) Process for the preparation of a catalyst for the polymerization of alpha-olefins, catalyst obtained and polymerization process using such a catalyst
US20120129242A1 (en) * 2010-11-23 2012-05-24 Charles David Gilliam Falling Film Evaporator
US8871062B2 (en) * 2010-11-23 2014-10-28 Charles David Gilliam Falling film evaporator
CN109458765A (zh) * 2018-12-17 2019-03-12 江苏世林博尔制冷设备有限公司 一种基于传感技术的自动控温的降膜式蒸发器
CN110025969A (zh) * 2019-03-29 2019-07-19 无锡化工装备股份有限公司 一种降膜式蒸发器及液体分布方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE610177A (fr) 1962-03-01
GB998022A (en) 1965-07-14
DE1258827B (de) 1968-01-18
CH390222A (de) 1965-04-15

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