US3197921A

US3197921A - Grinding machine

Info

Publication number: US3197921A
Application number: US217683A
Authority: US
Inventors: Frederick A Hohler; Robert S Hahn
Original assignee: Heald Machine Co
Current assignee: Heald Machine Co
Priority date: 1962-08-17
Filing date: 1962-08-17
Publication date: 1965-08-03
Anticipated expiration: 1982-08-03
Also published as: DE1677125A1; CH402641A; GB1031933A

Description

Aug. 3, 1965 F. A. HOHLER ETAL 3197921 GRINDING MACHINE Filed Aug. 17, 1962 13 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS Freder1'cll G.Hohfer li'obert 5. Hahn 'Hoe Aug. 3, 1965 F. A. HOHLER ETAL 3,197921 GRINDING MACHINE Filed Aug. 17, 1962 15 Sheecs-Sheet 2 INVENTORS 5rederz'clfl Q. Hohlfer 1965 F. A. HOHLER ETAL 3197,921

GRINDING MACHINE 13 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 17, 1962 INVENTORS fr'realericlvf a. floh fler 13 Sheecs-Sheet 4 INVENTORS 3Teclerr'clf Cl. Hohfer yEobert\?Hahn Aug. 3, 1965 F. A. HOHLER ETAL GRINDING MACHINE Filed Aug. 1'7, 1962 Aug. 3, 1965 F. A. HOHLER ETAL 3197921 GRINDING MACHINE Filed Aug. l'7. 1962 13 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORS Jredericl( CZ. Holz fer 114 BY oberl 5.Flahn H orney g 1965 F. A. HOHLER ETAL 3,197,921

GRINDING MACHINE Filed Aug. 17, 1962 13 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTORS STeale r1'c Q. floh fe r BYROBSTZ S. aJzn 4m H orn y g- 1965 F. A. HOHLER ETAL 3,197,921

GRINDING MACHINE Filed Aug. 17, 1962 15 Sheecs-Sheet 7 INVENTORS STederic7d Cl.flohfer BYRoberl 5. Hahn Aug. 3, 1965 Filed Aug. 17. 1962 F A. HOHLER ETAL GRINDING MACHINE 13 Sheecs-Sheet 8 INVENTORS .3Teel6r1'clfl 0.. floh fev' F. A. HOHLER ETAL GRINDING MACHINE Aug. 3, 1965 Filed Aug. 17, 1962 13 Sheets-Sheet 9 Iicj.17

INVENTORS JTCCZCTICK CZ Hohler Aug. 3, 1965 F. A. HOHLER ETAL 3197921 GRINDING MACHINE Filed Aug. 17, 1962 13 Shees-Sheec. 11

INVENTORS Gradericlfl C2. Hohfer B Robert S Hahn H 01' ey Aug. 3, 1965 F. A. HOHLER ETAL 3197921 GRINDING MACHINE Filed Aug. l'7, 1962 15 Sheets-Sheet 12 INVENTORS .3Tederic7d Cl Hohli'er Robert S. Hahn 1965 F. A. HOHLER ETAL 3197,921

GRINDING MACHINE 13 Sheecs-Sheec. 15

Filed Aug. l'7, 1962 vmw United States Pate'nt O 3,197921 GRENDING MACHINE Fredericl: A. Hohler, Holden, and Robert S. Hahn, Northboro, Mass., assignors t The Heald Machine Company, Worcester, Mass.- a corporation Delaware Filed Aug. 17, 1962, Sex. N0. 217,683 12 Claims. (C1. 51-103) This invention relates to a grinding machine and, more particularly, to apparatus arranged to generate surfaces of revolution by the use of an abrasive wl1eel.

In the machining of surfaces of revolution by grinding, great strides have made in making the operation independent of the machine operator, largely because of the high cost of skilled labor. Automatic machines are very expensive and represent a capital investment, which must be used continually and as efiiciently as possible. For that reason, these machines are designed to carry out the grinding -cycle as quickly as possible. However, While it has become nece'ssary to operate grinding machines at higher material removal rates, the demand for accuracy and quality of finish has also increased, particularly in fields such as the grinding of races of ball and roller bearings. The rate of stock removal is limited by the strength of the grinding wheel and by the fact: that at fast stock removal rates the surface finish suffers. These and other difiiculties experienced with the prior art devices have been obviated in a. novel manner by the present invention.

It is, therefore, an outstanding object of the invention to provide a grinding machine capable of fast rate of stock removal without less of adequate surface geometry and finish.

Another object of this invention is the rovision of a grinding machine making use at all times of the extreme pressure possible with a particular wheel Without danger of exceeding these pressures.

Another object of this invention is the pr0vision of a grinding machine in which geometric inaccuracis due to vibration have been reduced to a minimum by reducing overhung or cantilevered elements in the machine.

It is another object of the instant invention to provide a grinding machine using extremely high grinding forces in which taper variations (due to variations in rough stock dimensions which eifect wheel spindle deflection) is reduced to a minimum.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a grinding machine making use cf the controlled-force principle of grinding in which the necessary length of the wheel spindle may be relatively short.

A still further object of this invention is the rovision of a grinding machine in which means is provided to assure that swarf and moisture do not gain access to the Vital parts of the machine mechanism.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a grinding machine capable cf use With either the controlled-force or the controlled-rate pn'nciple in which the mechanisrns for these two methods of operation are inter-related in such a way that the controlled-force mechanism limits the grinding forces even when the comtrolled-rate mechanism is beiing used.

Another object cf the invention is the provision of a grinding machine capable of accepting large roi1gh stock variations and yet produce a finished workpiece of adequate size, surface finish, and geometry.

Another object of the invention is the Provision of a grincling machine in which the spindl deflction is maintained at a known present 'amount atany part of the grinding cycle andfor which compensation is fully made.

Another object of the inventio n is the rovision of a grindingmachine having an accurate, fast back-oft at the end of the grinding cycle thus eliminating a troublesome run-out line and permitting the use cf a fixed diamond for dressing.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a grinding machine having few vibration problemsbecause of the absence of variable table overhang to cause chatter, because of theuse of a diamond mounting which is less susceptible to excitation, and because of the provision of well-damped table slides which minimize troublesome machine resonances. v

Another object of the invention is the rovision of a controlled-force grinding machine having a workhead which is swiveled to compensate for spindle deflection and in which the pivotal line of swiveling passes vertically through the face of the workpiece facing toward the wheel of the workpiece so that the wheel spindle may be very short.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a grinding machine having a workhead table whose sliding ways are constructed so that a substantial mating surface lies perpendicular to the grinding fo1'ce resultant, thus reducing table rnovement relative to the ways.

Another object of the invention is the provision cf a grinding machine in which the table ways are provided with a novel hydrostatic lubrication system which increases the table rigidity and reduces vibrations.

With these and other objects in view, as will be apparent t0 those skilled in the art, the invention resides in the combination 0f parts set forth in the specification and covered by the claims appended hereto.

The character of the invention, however, may be best understood by reference to one of its structural forms, as illustrated by the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view Of a grinding machine embodying the principles of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a freut elevatibnal view of the machine with portions removed;

FIG. 3 is a left-hand elevational view of the machine;

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of the workhead table taken on the line IV-IV of FIG. 6;=

FIG. 5 is an end elevational view of the table; FIG. 6 is a plan view of the table taken at the horizonal level VI-VI of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a plan view of the workhead table taken at a higher level VIL-VI=I of FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a hydrostatic lubrication system incorporated in the machine;

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a hydrostatic pocket;

FIG. 10 is a plan view of part of the hydrostatic lubrication system;

FIG. 11 is an elevational view cf the apparatus shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view of the hydrostatic lubrication system;

FIG. 13 is a sornewhat schematic plan view of the apparatu's showing the compensation arrangement;

FIG. 14 is a plan view of the compensating apparatus;

FIG. is an elevational sectional view of the compansating apparatus taken on the line XVXV of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a plan view of the wheelhead table;

FIG. 17 is a plan view, somewhat schematic in nature, of the wheelhead table;

FIG. 18 is a vertical sectional view of the workhead table taken on the line XVIII-XVIII of FIG. 13;

FIG. 19 is an enlarged view of a portion of the apparatus.shown in FIG. 18;

FIG. is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus taken on the line XXXX of FIG. 18; FIG. 21 is a horizontal sectional view of the wheelhead table showing details of certain feed apparatus;

FIG. 22 is a similar horizontal sectional view of the feed apparatus taken at another level;

FIG. 23 is a view of the apparatus taken along the line XXIIIXXIII of FIG. 21;

FIG. 24 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line XXIVXXIV of FIG. 21;

FIG. is a planview of a dressing apparatus formii1g part of the invention;

' FIG. 26 is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus taken on the line XXVIXXVI of FIG. 27;

FIG. 27 is a vertical sectional view of the invention taken on the line XXVIIXXVII of FIG. 25;

FIG. 28 is a schematic view of the hydraulic and electrical equipment controlling the Operation of the machine; and

FIGS. 29 through 33 are schematic views showing the relationship of the parts.

Referring first to FIG. 1, wherein are best shown the general features of the invention, the grinding machine,

indicated generally by the reference numeral 10, is shown asprovided with a lower base 11 on which is mounted a workhead 12 and a wheelhead 13. Around the front of thebase extends a splas h guard 14 which is readily removable. Extending upwardly frorn the rear of the base 11 is a superstructure 15 having arms 16 and 17 (see FIG. 3). which extend forwardly from the ends of the base. Mounted between the arms is a control cabinet 18. Atone encl of the machine is located a coolant tank 19 receiving collant returned from the machine through a pipe 21.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show further details of the machine. Parts of the machine are rernoved or are shown schematically for the purpose of clarity of description; Mounted on the lower base 11 and supporting the Workhead 12 is a workhead table 22 consisting of a lower mernher 23 which is bolted to suitable horizontal surfaces of the lower base and an upper member 24. Mounted on the upperhorizontal surface of the upper rnember 24 is a swivel member 25 on which the workhead is directly bolted. Also mounted on suitable upper horizontal surfaces of the lower base 11 is a wheelhead :table 26 comsistingb f a lower rnember 27 which is directly bolted to the base and an upper member 28 on which is mounted a swivel member 36 to which is bolted the wheelhead 13 and its drive motor 29. The workhead 12 is of the usual type carrying a Set of shoes on which an annular Work-. piece 31 is mounted for rotation about its axis. The workpiece 31 is shown as consisting of the outer race of a toller bearing. Extending frorn the wheelhead 13 is a spindle 32 011 which is mounted an abrasive wheel 33 arranged to grind an internal bore of the workpiece 31.

As is evident in the drawings, the lower base 11 is provided with a series of forwardly-and-downwardly inclined transverse chutes 34 which terminate in a longitudinal trough 35 leading to the drainage pipe 21.

Mounted in the rea r of the lower base is a self-contained hydraulic unit 37 containing a'rnotor, pump, and sump adapted to supply hydrostatic oil 'to the ways. The upper rnembei 24 of the workhead table 22 is capable of movement relative to the lower mernber 23 in the general direction of the axis of the workpiece 31 which, for the purposes of description, will be described hereinafter as the longitudinal direction. For this purpose, the lower rnember 23 is provided with a way 38 having a longitudinally-elongated, upwardly-facing horizontal bearing surface 39, while the upper portion 24 is provided With a suitable groove in which the way resides, the groove having a downwardly-facing horizontal flat surface 41. The lower mernber-23 is also provided With an upwardly-directed V-way 42 which resides in a suitable longitudinal groove in the lower part of the upper mernber 24, which groove is provided With a V-shaped abutment 43 which resides in the V-Way 42. The V-way 42 is substantially spaced rearweirdly frorn and parallel to the way 38 and the line of action of the workpiece 31 and the wheel 33 is located substantially above the way 33. The surface 39 of the way 38 and its mating surface 41, on the one band, and the V-way 42 and the V-shaped abutrnent 43, on the other band, are both provided With hydrostatic lubrication, as Will be described more fully hereinafter. The spaces existing between the upper momber 24 and the lower member 23 of the workhead table 22 have connected thereto a conduit 44 leading to a fan 45 located at the rear 01 the base 11. It should be noted that the upper mernber 24 is provided with a generous apron 46 which extends downwardly over the forward surface of the lower mernber 23, while a sirnilar apron 47 extends downwardly over the rearward surface of the lower rnember 23.

Referring particularly to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the upper meznber 28 of the wheelhead table 26 is arranged for transverse rectilinear movernent relative to the lower member 27. For this purpose, the lower mernher 27 is provided with an upwardly-directed abutrnent 48 having a horizontal transversely-extending surface 49 which lies against a downwardly-directed surface 51 provided on a sirnilar matching abutment 52 extending downwardly in the interior of the upper mernber 23. The upper rnember 23 is provided With a guide bar 53 suitablymounted on its upper surface and slidable in bores on downwardly-extending abutments 54 extending from the upper member 28. The upper mernber 28 is provided with an apron 55 which extends downwardly over the left-hand surface of the lower rnember 27 and With an apron 56 which extends overthe right band surfaces of the lower member 27. Generally speaking, therefore, the wheel 33 Will be fed toward the surface which is to be ground by rneans of the relative rnovement of the upper, member 28 over the lower mernber 27 of the wheelhead table 26. In a sirnilar manner, the Workpiece 31 will be advanced longitudinally toward the wheel 33 and reciprocated relative thereto during the grinding operation by means of a longitudinal sliding movernent between the upper mernber 24 of the werkhead table 22 and the lower member 23. Mounted at the right band end of the lower member 27 is a switch box 57 in which are mounted various switches having their contact elements extending upiivardly from its upper surface. Mounted on the upper member 28 are a series of adjustable dogs 58 adapted to contact the switches at important parts of a long series of grinding cycles. The switches Will indicate when the wheel is worn and will also indicate when the jposition of the table is reached for a new Wheel and will shoW the position after a new wheel dress. In a sirnilar way, mounted on the front surface of the lower mernber 23 of the workhead table 22 is a switch box 59 carrying a series of switches having their actuating elements extending upwardly therefrom; mounted 0n the front surface of the upper rnember 24 are a series of dogs 61 indicating, in the usual manner, important points in the longitudinal movement of the workhead. Such points would be the extreme retraction osition necessary for changing the wheel and the extreme longitudinal rnoVernent for dressing the wheel. Extendingupwardly from the superstructure 15 to the control cabinet 18 are a series of cables 62 which are of the flexible variety to permit forward and rearward movement of the control cabinet. The left-hand side of the control cabinet 18 is provided With two wheels 63 and 64 Which ride in a ril 65 carried by the arm 16. The right-hand side of the 'control cabinet 18and the arm 17 of the superstructure are similarly provided with wheels and a rail to perrnit movement of the control cabinet from a forward position, as shwn in FIG. 3 (where itis readily accessible from the front of the machine but overlies the working elements of the machine), to a rearward position in which it is not readily accessible but is out of the way of the important elements of the machine. As is particularly evident in FIGS. 2 and 3 an oscillator motor 66 and a valve box 67 with an adjusting knob 68 are mounted at the front of the machine. FIGS. 4 and 5 show the workhead table 22 with the swivel member 25 an'd the workhead 12 removed. The lower niember 23 is provided with an upstanding shock absorber 71 wl1ich is in position to contact the upper member 24 in its extreme 1eft-hand position and to limit its movement in that dirction. The lower member 23 is also provided with an upstanding abutment 72 which lies in the transverse direction between the way 33 and the V-way 42. Bolted in the aibutment 72 is a piston rod 73 which extends to the left and is provided at its free end with a piston 74 which slides in a cylinder '75. The cylinder is mounted on a downwardly-extending flange 76 of the upper member 24 and extends to the right therefrom. Oi1 is admitted to the right-hand side cf the piston 74 through a port 77 in the side of the cylinder. Oil is admitted to the left-hand side of the piston 74 through a port 73 in the cylinder 75. Mounted at the left-hand side of the lower member 23 is a roller bearing 79 carrying Within its inner race a vertical shaft 81 to the lower end of Which is keyed a pulley 82. On the upper end of the shaft 81 is mounted a c-am 83 Wl1ich is of the split variety having an inner portion 84 which is fixed to the top of the shaft and an outer portion 85 is adjustably carried by the inner ortion. The two portions a1e adjustable in a rotational direction to control the amount of throw of the cam as a whole. Mounted x1 the left end -of the upper portion 24 -is a cam follower 86 cf the roller type. It should be noted that the cam follower 86 is an alignment with the actuating member of the shock absorber 71, and it is this portion of the upper rnember 24 which strikes the shock absorber when the table is moved t0 its left-hand position.

Particularly evident in FIG. 4 is the manner in which the lower member 23 is provided With passages and recesses leading to the large spaces between the upper and lower members of the workhead table. This permits the flow cf air originating in the fan 45 and the conduit 44 to pass up between the two elements of the table to cause the flow of air outwardly through the exposed spaces between these elements. Tl1is has the eifect of assuring that abrasive swarf and moisture do not gain admittance to the sliding elements.

FIG. shows the workhead table as viewed from the extreme left-hand end. It can be seen that the downwardly-directed surface 41 0f the upper member 24 is provided with a hydrostatic pocket 87 which is furnis*hed with oil through a assage 88. Similarly, the two flat is similarly forrned to permit the xnovement of the table over the ways.

FIG. 6 shows particularly well the manner in which the cam follower 86 is mounted on the outer end cf a crank arm 98 which is mounted for pivoting about a ver tical pivot pin99. The central ortion of the crank arm engages an adjusting screw 101 which -is monted on a plate 102 which extends transversely from the lower member 22. This view shows the manner in which the osciilating motor 66 is fastened to the front of the wheelhead table by means of a bracket 103. The crank arm 93 is provided with a free end 100 which is engaged by a piston rod of a piston 110 lying in a cylinder bore forrned in the upper member 24 of the workhead table.

Leading to opposite sides of the piston 110 are pressure oil conduits 120 and 130, so that the piston 110 acts as a shock abhorber and also to maintain the crank arm in a normal position of clockwise rotation about its pivot pin 99.

FIG. 7 shows in plan view the upper member 24 of the workhead table With the swivel member and the werk head rcmoved and without any other elements ext6nding below it. In this way, lt can be seen that'the top of the upper member is provided With a slot 104 of T-shaped cross-section. In this slot is mounted a slide 105, the arrangement being such tl1at the slide moves in the slot -cliagonally across the top of the upper member 24. The

slide is provided near its forwardrnost end With a threaded surfaces 01 the V-shaped abutment 43 are provided with v

hydrostatic pockets

89 and 91 provided with oil through passa-ges 92 and 93, respectively. The passages leading to the hydrostatic pockets all lead back to a hydrostatic oil box 94 mounted at the rear of the uppermernber 24. The left-hand end of the upper member 24 is provided with an apron 95 which extends downwardly adjacent the upper surfaces -of the lower member 23. Two doorways 96 and 97 are formed in (bis apron to permit the passage of the V-way 42 and the way 38, respectively. Suitable flexible webs are mounted in these doorways and restrict the flow of air through these door openings. The right-hand end of the upper member 24 aperture 106 adapted to receive a holt for mounting the swivel member. A small slide 107 also is mounted in the slot 104 and is provided with -a threaded aperture 108 adapted to receive a holt for mounting the swivel memher. At the rearwardmost end of the slide is mounted a bolt 109 adapted to receive a nut, the holt extending through a closely-fitting hure in the swivel member 25. On the front cf the upper member 24 is mounted a plate 111 carrying a screw 112 which engages the slide 105 and causes it to be moved along thslot, the screw 112 being provided With a socket for the reception of a crank. Mounted 0n the upper surface of the slide 105 is an ahntment 113 carrying a pinion gear 114 adapted to engage a cir-cular rack formed in the swivel member 25. The gear is provided With -a -suitable socket to receive the same wrench which is used to actuate the screw 112. This view shows particularly well the

hydrostatic pads

89 and 91 and their corresponding supply passages 92 and 93. Another pair of

such pockets

115 and 116 are provided at the other end cf the V-shaped abutment 43. In a similar manner, this view shows the pocket 87 and the passage 88 leading to it. Similarly, it shows another hydlostatic pocket 117 and a passage 118 leading to lt, all cf these oil passages leading to the hydrostatic oil box 94.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show the manner in which tl1ese hydrostatic pockets are formed. The pocket 87 in the surface 41 has the passage 88 entering i1: in its very center. The pocket is circular and is surrounded by an outwardlyspaced relief groove 119, which is annular and which is connected outwardly cf the surface 41 by a radial groove 121. On either side of the way 38 are. located rlr-

ain ways

122 and 123 which receive the oil as it flows outwardly from between the -surfaces 41 and 39. The passage 88 is connected by a steel tube 124 to the interior of the hydr0static oil box 94, which contains a thin coil 125 of plastic tube Which acts as a restriction to flow of oil to the hydrostatic pocket. The coil 125 sunrounds a vertical entrance tube 126 whose lower end is connectcd to a broad manifold chamber 127, which 1's suitably supplied with clean oil under substantial pressure.

FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 shows the details of the hydrostatic oil box 94. All of the restriction coils, including the coil 125, are connected to receive oil from the manifold chamber 127 and are connected to a tube similar to the ti1be 124 leading into a ueeess 128 at the back cf the npper member 24 and t0 a hydrostatic oil pocket in a way. It will be understood that the wheelhead table the ends of the guide bar, which is fixed relative to the lower member 27. This view shows the dressing apparatus 129 mounted on the npper member 24 of the workhead table. T move the wheel 33 away frorn the surface of the workpiece 31 which is to bc ground, oil is adrnitted to the front part of the guide bar 53, whereas, t0 provide normal cross feed 0f the wheel toward the surface of the workpiece, oil is admitted to the rearward end of the guide bar. Motion of the upper member 28 relative to the lower member 27 in the forward direction is regulated by the engagernent of a stop 131 0n the upper member 28 With a compensating slide 132 connected t0 the lower member 27. The cornpensating slide is adjustable relative to the lower member 27 t0 which it is attached by Ineans of engagement with a compensating screw 133 which may be rotated either by band or automatically, as will be described. In the rearward direction, the feed is limited by the engagement 01: a switch 134 mounted on the compensating slide 132 With a pin 165 which is mounted 011 the front of the upper member 28 and which is adjustable by means of a knob 135.

FIGS. 14 and show the details of construction of the compensating mechanism. A reset motor 136 is mounted on the lower member 27 and is connected through a gear reduction unit 137 and a chain drive 138 to the compensating screw 133 which engages the compensating slide 132. As is evident in the drawing, the compens'ating slide is slidable in a horizontal guideway 139 fastened to the upper surface of the lower member 27. Next to the chain drive 138 is an electric clutch 141 driving through a Formsprag clutch 142, the output of which drives the compensating screw 133. The outer shell 0f the clutch 142 is connected to a metal band 143, the other end of which is attached to a piston rod 144 of a compensating cylinder 145. The rod extends entirely through the cylinder and 0ut the other end in position t0 engage a cone 146. lt is possible to drive the compensating screw by means of a handwheel 147 at the front 01 the machinc, which operates through a shaft 148 and a chain drive 149 to rotate the compensation screw 133. The length of the stroke of the piston in the cylinder 145 is determined'by the setting of the cone 146, since this limits the stroke of the piston rod 144 as it operates through the Formsprag clutch to rotate the compensating screw 133. As is evident in FIG. 15, the cone 146 is mounted 0n an elongated shaft 151 suitably carried in bushings. The shaft is provided in its central portion with a piston 152 which lies in a cylinder 153 which is fastened to the lower member 27. Suitable orts a1: eithcr end of the cylinder 153 permit the admission of pressure oil to cause the piston 152 to reside at one end 01 the other of the cylinder. The end of the rod 151 opposite the end which carries the cone 146 is provided With an outwardly-extending flange 154 which is engageable at one end of piston travel with a flange 155 on one end of a shaft 156. This shaft is threaded through a block 157 which is fastened to the lower member 27. The position of the shaft 156 and, thereforc, 01 the flange 155 is adjustable from the front 0f the machine by means of a knob 158. At the position of the piston 152 closcst to the front 0f the inachine it engages a flange 159 mounted on a shaft 161 which is similarly threaded through and adjustable relative to the block 157 by means of a knob 162 which is accessible from the front of the machine. A springloaded pin 163 is mounted in a portion of the guideway 139 and presses against a portion of the compensating slide 132 t0 press it into the forwardmost position at all times. Mounted at the front of the compensating slide 132 is the switch 134 which terminates the grinding cycle and an- 0ther switch 164 which terminates the rough grind portion of the cycle to set up the machine for the finish .grind portion 01 the cycle in the usual manner. These switches are contacted by adjustable pins such as the pin 165 (see FIG. 13) which is adjustable by means of a knob at the front of the machine. lt should be pointed out that the guideway 139 is fastened firmly to the lower member 27 and carries the biasing pin 163. 011 the other band, the compensating slide 132 and its attached abutment are pressed forwardly by the pin 163 at all times and also are moved by the compensating screw 133. At the same ti1ne, the stop- 131, the switch actuating pin 165, and the corresponding pin which strikes the switch 164 move with the upper membe1 28 of the wheelhead table. It will be understood that, in a general way, the motor 136 is only used to move the compensating slide back at the time that the wheel is w0r11 and a new Wheel 1's placed on the spindle. The normal compensating movements 01 the screw 133 take place under the impetus of the compensating cylinder 145.

FIG. 16 shows the manner in which the swivel mernber 36 is rotated relative to the upper member 28 of the wheelhead table 011 the upper surface of which it lies. At the front and back, the swivel member is provided, respectively, With undercut

recesses

167 and 166. In the recess 166, and fastened by one end to a suitable vertical surface thereof, is a reed 168, the other end 01 which is fastened by a plate 169 to the upper surface of the upper member 28 of the wheelhead table. In the recess 167 a similar Ieed 171 is fastened to a finished vertical surface of the swivel n1ember and the other end is fastened by a plate 172 to the upper surface of the upper mcrnber of the wheelhead table. The left-hand end of the swivel momber 36 is provided with a rectai1gular notch 173 over which the wheelhead 13 would normally be mounted (as shown in dotted lines). At the rearward side of the notch, the swivel member is provided With an undercut recess 174 and at the front side of the notch 173 the swivel member is provided with another recess 175. A reed member is mounted 011 the surface 01 the upper member 28 underlying the notch 173 and is provided With one rced 177 which extends upwardly and is attached at its upper end t0 the swivel membcr on a vertical surface of the recess 173. At the forward side a rced 178 extends forwardly and is bolted to a finished vertical surface of the recess 175. The only physical connection between the swivel member 36 and the upper mernber 28 of the wheelhead table is through the

reeds

168, 171, 177 and 178; the swivel member, therefore, behaves as though it were swinging about a vertical pivot point at the center of the notch 173. The right-hand end of the swivel me1nber 36 is pfovided with a rectangular notch 179. Mounted 011 the upper surface of the upper member 28 of the wheelhead table and lying in the notch 179 is a block 181. This block is provided with a cylinder 182 containing a piston 183 having a piston rod 184 which extends entirely through the block 181 011 either side and contacts hardened

metal buttons

185 and 186 mounted 011 vertical longitudinal surfaces of the notch 179. Any movement of the piston r0d 184, therefore, is transmitted directly to theswivel member 36. A stop screw 187 extends through the swivel mernber 36 and engages the block 18.1; its position is adjustable by means 01 a knob 188 at the front of the machine.

The manner in which the swivel member 25 0f the workhead table isadjustable relative to the upper 111cmher 24 is clcarly demonstrated in F1G. 17. First of all, the swivel rne1nber is provided With a curved rack 189 whose pitch circle is concentric With the bolt 191 extend ing tbrough the swivel member 25 from the slide 105 The swivel member is also provided with two

slots

192 and 193 through which blts extend into the

apertures

108 and 106 in the two slides. With this arrangernent, it is possible to rotate the workhead so that the werkpieces behaves as though it were being rotated about a vertical pivot line indicated by the reference letter A. The

slots

192 and 193 are, of course, curved and also comcentric With the pivot holt 109. New, in order to incline the axis of the workpiece 1 relative to the imaginary line extending through the unsprung wheel spindle 32, the swivel mernber 25 is first rotated to a positi-on 2 through an angle which, in the present case, is shown as the angle B. Then, the slide mernber 105 is rnovd by rotating the screw 112 so that the workpiece moves upwardly and to the right back to its original osition and occupies the position indicatecl by the numeral 3 in which position the portion of the surface of the conical bore which is to be ground is parallel to the spindle axis. The net eilect is as though the workpiece had been rotated about the vertical line A.

FIGS. 18, 19, and 20 show the manner in which the upper rnember 28 and the lower member 27 of the wheelhead table are slidably associated by rneans of the guide bar 53. First of all, the lower member 27 is provided with three transversely spaced

abutrnents

194, 195, and 196 thr-ough which the guide bar 53 extends and in which it is locked and supported. This view also shows the

aprons

197 and 198 which extend downwardly from the upper mernber 28 and cover the vertical surfaces of the lower mernber 27. Extending downwardly from the upper mernber 28 are two abutments 199 and 201, each having a bore through whichthe guide "bar 53 extends. In the case of abutment 201, it is provided With a bare 202 which is formed With annularhydrostatic pockets, such as the pocket 203, to which oil is admitted through a passage 204. As is evident in FIG. 20, these pockets are arranged in groups of three around the bar and each pocket is connected through its own restriction coil, such as the coil 205 associated with the pocket 203, to a hydrostatic oil manifold 206. At the left-hand end, the cylinder is provided with a reduced portion 207 which extends through a cylinder head 208 so that the large central portion =of the bar acts as a piston and cornbines With the bore and the cylinder head 208 to forrn a cylinder to which oil is introduced throngh a passage 209. It can be seen that pressure oil adrnitted through the pass'age 209 operates to move the upper member 28 forwardly of the machine and, therefore, to move the wheel 33 out of contact with the Workpiece -surface. At the other end, the piston is provided with a substantially reduced portion 211 which extends through a cylinder head 212 which is bolted over the end of the abutment 201 so that the bore 202 forms with the shoulder at the end of the central enlarged portion of the guide rod 53 and With the cylinder head 212 a cylinder to which pressure oil is admitted through a passage 213; such admission of oil serves to move the upper portion 28 rearwardly of the machine er, in other words, serves rnove the wheel 33 into engagement with the workpiece on a feeding movernent. It Will be understood that the other supporting surfaces for the upper mern'ber 28 (that is, the mating surfaces 49 of the abutment 48 and the surface 51 of the abut-ment 52) reside at the extreme right-hand end of the Wheelhead table and are provided with hydrostatic oil pockets in the same manner as the surface 41 which contacts the surface 39 of the way 38 in the workhead table.

Although the apparatus would normally use the coutrolled-force fee d method, it is possible to use the coutrolled-rate feed method by use of the apparatus sh-own in FIGS. 21, 22, 23 and 24. Mounted on the front apron 197 of the upper rnember 23 of the wheelhead table is the pin 165 which, as has been described, is adji1stable by means of a band wheel 135 at the front ofthe machine. Another pin 216 is also located on the apron and rotation of a shaft 215 with which the pin is associated by screw means cau-ses advancement or retraction of the pin forwardly and rearwardly of the machine. New, the shaft is provided with a gear 214 mounted on the shaft 215 which engages the pin 216. The gear 214 is engaged by a rack 217 formed on the piston rod of a piston 218. This piston slides in a cylinder 219 and receives oil through a passage 221 after it passes through an adjustahle valve 222. As is best shown in FIG. 22, mounted beside the apparatus is a dial indicator 223 having an actuating rod 224 which extends through the apron 197 and cornes into contact With an extension of the compensating slide 132. The dial indicator, therefore, shows, during a grinding cycle, the relative positioning of the upper member 28 and the lower member 27. The setting of the valve 222 is determined by rneans of a knob 225. In FIG. 22 it can be seen that the roughing switch 134 and the finish switch 164 reside at a level somewhat above the horizontal lvel of the section shown in FIG. 21, as is also evident in FIG. 24. An adjustable pin 228 extends through the apron 197 to engag'e the finish switch 164. Another passage for the admission of oil opens into the end of the cylinder 219 and the flow of oil through this assage is controlled by a knob 226 operating 011 a valve 227 sirnilar to the valve 222. The knob 225 and the valve 222 are used for adjusting the feed during the roughing, portion of the cycle, while the knob 226 and its associated valve 227 are used to adjust the feed into the cylinder 219 (and, therefore, the feed of the wheel 33 into the workpiece) during the finish art of the cycle.

FIGS. 25, 26, and 27 show the construction of the dressing apparatus 129. The apparatus is provided with a rnain body 229 through which extends a small bore 231 in which is slidably carried a rod 232 at the outer end of which is mounted a diamond 233. Entering the othe r end of the main body is a counter-bore 234. The rod 232 extends into the bore 234 a short distance and is provided With an outwardly extending platte 235 against which presses a coil spring 236 which resides in a srna1l counterbore 237. This biases the rod to the right (in FIG. 27). The end -of the rod 232 which extends into the connterbore 234 is also provided With a ratchet wheel 238 which is keyed to it and which is engaged by a pavvl 239 fastened to the lower end of a piston rod 241. This piston rod has connected at its upper end a piston 242 which resides in a vertically-arranged cylinder 243 mounted 011 the main body. The cylinder is suitably provided with means for introducing oil to either side cf the piston 242 to provide for reciprocation of the piston and the piston rod 241. This reciprocation causes rotation of the rod 232 and of the diarnond 233. At the right-hand end of the counterbore 234 it -is -pr0vided with a sleeve 244 which is bolted to the main body through an outwardly-extending flange. On the outer end of this sleeve is mounted an electric motor 245; the output shaft 246 of the motor is connected through a flexible connector, such as a bellows 247, to a nut 248. This nut is provided with threads Which engage a threaded stem 249 extending to the rigl1t frorn a piston-like memher 251 which is slidably mounted in the counterbore 234. The center portion of the member 251 operates through a ball 252 on the inner end of the rod 232 so that the motor 245 may push the rod 232 to the left against the restraint of the spring 236 to cause forward feedi.ng of the diamond 233.

In FIG. 28 is shown the general electrical and hydraulic plan of the machine. The oil-pressure motor 253 drives a pump 254 which receives its oil from a sump 255. A line 256 leading directly frorn the pump carries oil at a high pressure, such as 500 lbs. per square inch. Sorne of this oil passes through a pressure-regulating apparatus 257 and supplies it to a line 258 at an intermediate pressure, such as lbs. per square inch. Another line 259 carries oil at a 10W pressure, such as 25 lbs. per square inch. Furthermore, a line 261 serves as a drain line to return oil to the surnp 255. If the 1nachine is used as a controlled-rate feed machimz, the

valves

222 and 227 control the amount of oil passing to the feed rate cylinder 219. On the other hand if it is used as a controlled-force machine, the

valves

262 and 263 control the pressure of the oil which is transmitted t the feed cylinder 212, the oil being controlled by solenoid valves operated from the =eleetrioal control cabinet 13. The cylinders include the wheelhead swivel cylinder 182, the cornpensation cylinder 145, the compensation selective cylinder 153 and, of course, the controlled-rate feed cylinder 219 and the controlled-force feed cylinder 212. This sann: oil is introduced through solenoid valves to a forked gauge cylinder 264, a load and unload cylinder 265, the diarnond-turner cylinder 243, the table cylinder '75, the cylinder 116 associated With the cam follower, and the cylinder associated With the shock absorber 71. These solenoid valves and cylinders are controlled in the usual way in the electrical control cabinet 18 to cause the machine to run through a cycle.

The operation of the apparatus Will now be readily understood in view of the above description. FIGS. 29 through 33 show more or less schematically the manner in wl1icl1 the elements operate during the grinding cycle. The workhead table 24 and the workhead 12 carry the workpiece 31 longitudinally along the line XX. The wheelhead table 26 carries the wheelhead 13, the spindle 32, and the abrasive wheel 33 at a right angle to the longitudinal direction 0r along the yine YY; it does so With a force in the horizontal plane, the force being transmitted in the grinding action between the wheel 33 and the workpieoe 31. The grinding force produces a bending of the wheel spindle 32 which is shown in an exaggeratetl 1nanner in the drawing. New, the force which is used to produce this grinding will be quite large in a so-called roughing portion of the grinding cycle; such a ronglr ing force Will, naturally, bend the spindle 32 mueh greater than a lesser force. The grinding cycle is terminate in a finish cycle in which a lesser force is used in the grinding; of course, this lesser forcewill produce substantially less bending of the spindle. Since the abrasive wheel 33 is dressed to a true cylinder, any bending of the spindle 32 will cause the eylindrical wheel to reside at a substantial angle to the longitudinal line XX and will produce a tapered bore. According to the preesnt invention, the workpiece is moved through an angle in the horizontal plane (shown as the angle B in the drawing) whicl1 will cause the elements of the cylindrieal surface of the wheel 33 to be exactly parallel to the axis of the workpiece w'nen the spindle 32 is bent by the finish grinding force. During the roughing portion of the cycle, the spindle 32 is subjected to an additional bending; to compensate for tl1is, the wheell1ead swivel rnember 36 is rotated through a substantial angle (shown as the angle C) about a vertical pivot in the general vicinity of the spindle 32. During the roughing cycle, the amount of angular swiveling represented by the angle B and the angle C will exactly compansate for the bending of the spindle at that constant, prede termined force During the finish portion of the cycle, the wheelhead swivel is returned to its position in exact alignment with the line XX.

Referring to FIGS. 29 through 33, it can be seen that in FIG. 29 is shown the relationship of the parts at rest with no grinclin taking place between them. With the workpiece 31, the wheel 33, the spindle 32, and the Wheelhead 13 in exact axial alignment along the XX axis (o: Witl1 the axis of the worl piece, on the one hand, and the axis of the wheel, spindle and wheelhead, on the other hand, parallel to one another and parallel to the XX axis). New, when the wheelhead 13 is movecl along the Y Y axis and contacts the workpiece With a force which (in FIG. 30 is shown as a low or finish grinding force), the spindle 32 is bent slightly and, if nothing is done about tliiS, the wheel 33 occupies an inclined position Witllin the workpiece (because of the spin'dle bending 01' deflection) and the workpiece is ground with a tapered bore, the large end of the bore facing the wheelhead. In FIG. 31 is shown the relationship when, with low force grinding, the workpiece is swiveled through an angle B wl1ieh is selected to exactly compensate for the spindle deflection. in this situation, it can be seen that the cylindrical surface of the wheel 33 has its axis exactly parallel to the axis of the workpiece so that a straight cylinclrical bore is formed. In FIG. 32 is shown the Situation when an extremely high force (which is selected as the force required for rough grinding) is used; the spindle 32 is bent even more than in FIGS. 30 and 31,v where a low force is used. This means that, even though the workpiece 31 is still inclined at an angle B, the cylindrical surface of the wheel 33 still lies at a substantial angle to the axis of the Workpiece so that a taperecl bore is produced, the large end of the bore faeing toward the wneelnead. In FIG. 33 is shown what happens when the wheelhead 13 is swiveled througl1 an angle C which is selected to exactly compensate for the added deflection of the spindle 32 brought about by the dirference in force between the high fo1ce situation and the low force Situation. In this figure it can be seen that the wheel 33 is exactly parallel to the axis of the workpiece so that a st=raight bore is ground, tliis being the desired situation.

The relationships shown in FIGS. 29 through 33 appear during the operative cycle of the machine. The situation shown in FIG. 29 would exist betwen the parts 01" the machine if th6workhead table and the wheelhead table were in non-swiveled positions. If feeding of the wheelhead took place by the admission of oil behind the cylinder head 212 around the reduced portion 211 of the guide bar 53, the bore in the workpiece would be ground with a taper, as shown in FIG. 30. However, the workhead table is initially swiveled by a predeterri1ined angle B, So that the bore would be straight during the finish portion of the cycle. However, as is well known, the first part 0f the grinding cycle is the roughing portion and, at that time, high pressure oil is adrnitted behind the cylinder head 212, thus forcing the upper inember 28 of the workheagl table to the rear bringing the wheel 33 into oontact With the workpiece With a high force. However, to avoid the taper shown in FIG. 32 which would otherwise exist, the wheelhead table is swiveled through an angle C during this roughing portion 0f the cycle by admitting oil into the cylinder 182, the amount of swiveling action being determined by the setting of the knob 188 which Sets the stops. At the end of the roughing portion of the cycle, the Wheel is moved away from the workpiece by backing oil? the wh'eelhead table. This is accomplished by causing the oil behind the cylinder head 212 to go to drain, while pressure oil is admitted behind the cylinder head 208. This throws the workhead table forwardly very quickly and not 0nly relieves spindle deflection but also removes the wheel (even in unstressed spindle position) from the surface of the workpiece. The workpiece is nioved longitudinally outwardly and, of course, the wheelhead is returned to its unswiveled position in alignment With the axis XX and the dressing apparatus moves past the wheel for a dress. The workhead table is moved away.fforn the Wheel, Carrying the dressing apparatus 129 With it. The dressing apparatus dresses the wheel 33 so that it is ready f0r the finish grind portion of the cycle. At that time, the Workhead tab le returns the workpiece to the position where the wheel 33 resides in the bore of the workpiece and, then, the wheelhead table is moved laterally under the impetus 0f low pressure oil behind the cylinder head 212 so that a low force exists between the wheel 33 and the bore of the workpiece 31. Because of the fact that the workpiece 31 is inclined at an angle B, the deflection of the spindle 32 which takes place results in the wheel 33 producing an exact cylindrical bore. It should be understood in this connection that wl1at is desired by means of the swiveling is to produce the exact taper desired in the bore; if the bare is to be a cylindrical one, natur-ally no taper is desired but, if a tapered bore is to be produced, then it is necessary that the taper produced not vary from the desired taper. In other words, the swiveling, takes place so that the deflection of the spindle 'produces no variation from the desired taper, whether this desired taper 'oe zero (as in the case cf a cylindrical bore) or a substantial amount (as in the case of a tapered roller bearing race or similar article).

The swiveling of the Wheelhead swivel mernber 36 takes place, as has been stated, by the admission of oil to the cylinder 182, so that the table moves clockwise about a pivot point which is between the

reeds

177 and 178. This swivel osition is automatically occupied by the wheelhead swivel member relative to the XX axis only during the rough grinding portion of the cycle. At other times, the oil is released from the cylinder 182 and the swivel mernber occupies the straight aligned position.

The longitudinal motion of the upper portion 24 of the workhead table 22 (relative to the lower mernber 23 f that table) along the way 38 and the V-way 42 is regulated by the positions of the dogs '61 which strlke upwardly-extending fingers from the switch box 59, the swltches having the ellfect in the control circuitry of valving oil to the table control cylinder 75. In order t0 change the wheel and to dress, the upper member 24 of the workhead table is moved to the left in FIG. 4 until it arrives at the shock absorber 71. This absorber has the efiect cf lessening vibrations which take place when the table is stopped at that extreme position. In approaching the workpiece, the table is aetuated by admitting oil through the port 77 to the right-hand side of the piston 74 in the table control cylinder 75. Eventually, the cam follower 86 strikes the cam 83. This wonld be an undesirable shock and Vibration situation if it were not for the fact that the carn follower is mounted on the crank arm 98 whose outboard end engages the piston 110 which, because of the pumping of oil through its systern, acts as a shock absorber. Furthermore, this piston, because of the oil on the large side of the piston, continuously rnaintains the crank arm and the carn follower 86 in an extreme clockwise position as it is viewed in FIG. 6. The rotation of the carn 83 by rneans of the oscillator motor 66 produces the reciprocation of the workpiece relative to the wheel that -is necessary in adequate grinding. The desirable situation is that the wheel be substantially longer than the bore in the workpiece and that the reciprocation be small enough so that the wheel never leaves the bore; in other words, it is desirable that all parts of the surface of the bore be contacted by the wheel at all times, thus preventing bell-rnouth. The feed positions 0f the wheelhead table 26 are determined by the switch box 57 which is contacted by dogs 58. More particularly, these dogs indicate when the table has advaneed transversely to a point at which it is evident that the wheel 33 has been dressed to the point where it must be discarded. When this point is reached, it is indicated 0n the front 0f the control panel by a larnp and the operator pushes a new wheel button which moves the Workhead away from the wheel and also acts through the compensating mechanism to return the wheelhead table to its forwardrnost new wheel position. After the change of wheel, it is necessary to remove a substantial portion of the wheel by dressing, and this is done automatically until one of the dogs 53 indieates to a switch in the switch box 57 that the new wheel has been substantially dressed so that it is possible to continue to grind sucbessive workpieces.

Coolant flowing down over the working surfaces falls into the inclined chutes 34 and trougl1s 35 of the lower base 11 and flows through the pipe 21 into the coolant tank 19. As is evident in FIG. 3, the forces which operate between the wheel and the workpiece extend downwardly toward the rear of the machine. The force of the wheel on the workpiece is transmitted to the work head table and, as is evident, the table cannot slide or vibrate sideways under these forces because one of the inclined surfaces of the V-way 42 is substantially at a right angle to the line of force and in the same direction. The use of hydrostatie lubrication in the way 38 and the V-way 42 between the upper portion 24 and the lower portion 23 of the workhead table causes a very rigid table construetion that does not give under reciprocating and changing forces.

The swivel member 25 of the workhead table 23 may be swiveled relative to the upper member 24 of the table for one of two reasons. First of all, it may be swiveled in Order to produce the angular position to place the Workpiece at the angle B; the whole swivel menrber is moved by rotating the pinion 114 after the bolts in the

slots

192 and 193 have been loosened. After the angle has been set, of course, the bolts are tightened up again. The angle B as a practical matter is so small that it is usua-lly not n6cessary to compensate for the changed lateral osition due to rotation. However, when the swivel member 25 is used, fior the second reason, to deliberately produce a su-bstantial taper in the workpiece (as when a tapered roller bearing race is being ground), it. is necessary to actuate the feed screw 112 to cause the slide to carry the swivel rnember in a diagonal transverse direction to return it to the point frorn whence it was swung by the swiveling about the pivot pin 191.

lt will be understood in connection With FIGS. 13, 14, and 15 that, as is usual practice, after the wheel is dressed, the wheel must be moved forwardly toward the workpiece surfaee a certain distance; this is known as compensating. In other words, it compensates for the material which is rernoved frorn the wheel by d=ressing. In the present case, it is of course, po-ssible to adjust the Compensating slide 132 by rotatin the band wheel 147; this is -nsually used in setting up the machine. As is shown rather schematically in FIG. 13, the upper rnemher 28 of the wheelhead table is moved from a forward position (where the stop 131 contacts the forward surface of the notch in the compensating slide) to a rearward position. The back surface of the notch only serves as a limiting stop and is normally not reached during ordinary grinding cycles. The oompensating slide also serves the funotion not only of determining the forward stop position of the wheelhead table and the wheel but also 0f determining the important grinding points in the feed movement. As oil -is introduced at the rear end of the main feed guide bar 53 the table moves rearwardly so that the feed switches 134 and 164 are reached by the aetuating pins 165 and 228 which are mounted on the front apr-0n of the table. Rotation of the compensating screw 133 in increments, of course, changes the position of the compensating slide and, therefore, changes the. position of the front surfaee of its notch so that the stop 131 a:s it moves forward stops more and more rearward-ly as the wheel is dressed. Of course, when a new Wheel is placed in the machine, the motor 136 operates through the gear reduction 137 and the chain 138 to operate. the compensating screw 133 very rapidly in the reverse direetion. T0 do this, of course, it is necessary for the eontrol apparatus to energize the electrical clutcl1 141 to connect it -to the serew through the Formsprag clutch 142. The amount of the incremental rotations of the compensa-ting screw 133 are determined by the stroke of the cylinder 145 and this stroke is determined by the osition at which the piston rod 144 strlkes the cone 146. This cone occupies a forward o1 a rearward position, which positions are determined by the flange 159 011 the shaft 161 and the flange on the shaft 156, as shown in FIG. 15. The shaft 151 can, of course, ocoupy only one of these two positions as determimd by the oil in the cylinder 153 which operates on the piston 152. The controls take care of this positioning automatically, thus providing a rearward position of the cone 146 when a

Claims

12. A GRINDING MACHINE FOR FINISHING A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION OF A WORKPIECE, COMPRISING (A) A LOWER BASE, (B) A WORKHEAD TABLE AND A WHEELHEAD TABLE MOUNTED ON THE BASE, (C) MEANS, BRINING ABOUT RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN THE TABLES ALONG AN IMAGINARY LINE AND ALONG A LINE AT A RIGHT ANGLE TO THE SAID LINE, (D) A FIRST SWIVEL MEMBER MOUNTED ON THE WORKHEAD TABLE AND HAVING A MEANS TO LOCK IT IN AN ANGULARLY ADJUSTED POSITION, (E) A WORKHEAD MOUNTED ON THE FIRST SWIVEL MEMBER AND CARRING THE WORKPIECE, (F) A SECOND SWIVEL MEMBER MOUNTED ON THE WHEELHEAD TABLE AND HAVING A MEANS TO LOCK IT IN ANGULARLY ADJUSTED POSITION, (G) A WHEELHEAD MOUNTED ON THE SECOND SWIVEL MEMBER AND CARRING AN ABRASIVE WHEEL, (J) MEANS BRINGING ABOUT THE SAID RELATIVE SLIDING MOVEMENT OF THE WORKHEAD AND WHEELHEAD TABLES TO BRING ABOUT ENGAGEMENT OF THE WHEEL AND WORKPIECE FOR A GRINDING OPERATION, (I) A FEED MECHANISM CAUSING THE GRINDING OPERATION TO TAKE PLACE IN A ROUGH GRIND WITH BOTH SWIVEL MEMBERS POSITIONED AR SUBSTANTIAL ANGLES TO THE SAID LINE AND IN A FINISH GRIND IN WHICH ONLY THE FIRST SWIVEL MEMBER IS SO POSITIONED TO COMPENSATE FOR WHEEL SPINDLE DEFLECTION, AND (J) MEANS SEPARATE FROM THE SAID FEED MECHANISM FOR ADJUSTING THE POSITION OF THE WORKHEAD TABLE ALONG A LINE EXTENDING AT AN ACUTE ANGLE TO THE SAID LINE IN ORDER TO RETAIN THE WORKPIECE TO THE LINE AFTER THE FIRST SWIVEL MEMBER HAS BEEN ANGULARLY ADJUSTED.