US3194866A - Method of forming a sheet - Google Patents

Method of forming a sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
US3194866A
US3194866A US161693A US16169361A US3194866A US 3194866 A US3194866 A US 3194866A US 161693 A US161693 A US 161693A US 16169361 A US16169361 A US 16169361A US 3194866 A US3194866 A US 3194866A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
petroleum oil
cellulose
parts
forming
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Expired - Lifetime
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US161693A
Inventor
Roger E Gibson
Lester W A Meyer
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Priority to US161693A priority Critical patent/US3194866A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9135—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
    • B29C48/9175—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means by interposing a fluid layer between the supporting means and the flat article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9135—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
    • B29C48/914—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means cooling drums

Definitions

  • sheets having good surface characteristics may be prepared from cellulose ester compositions by incorporating therein 0.05 to parts, per 100 parts of cellulose ester, of a petroleum oil having a boiling range within 400-935 F extruding the composition through a die to form a sheet, and permitting the emerging sheet to contact a cooling roll positioned so that the sheet travels about 2-5 inches before contacting the cooling roll.
  • the petroleum oil vaporizes from the sheet emerging from the die and condenses on the first cooling roll thereby providing a layer between the roll and the sheet. The thus-formed layer assures obtaining a sheet of good surface characteristics.
  • Typical cellulose ester extrusion compositions in accordance with our invention are illustrated by the following examples.
  • Example 1 Parts Cellulose acetate butyrate 100 Dibutyl sebacate 0-40 Bayol 50 l Phenyl salicylate 3
  • Example 2 Parts Cellulose acetate propionate 100 Dibutyl sebacate 0-40 Bayol F 2 Oil of pennyroyal 0-5
  • the cellulose acetate propionate has a propionyl range of 43-47%, an acetyl range of 1.5-3.5% and a falling ball viscosity of 20 seconds.
  • Bayol F is a white oil, free of unsaturated components, having a boiling range of 463 930 F. It is available on the market from Esso Standard Oil Company.
  • FIG. 1 shows a die 1 provided with a sheet forming orifice 2 which communicates in spaced relationship with a hollow cooling roll 4, provided with suitable cooling means, not shown, and a second cooling roll 5 positioned in axial alignment with the first cooling roll 4.
  • the cooling rolls are mounted on a support, not shown, through shafts 8 and 9, and are provided with suitable means, not shown, for rotation at a controlled rate.
  • the cellulose ester compositions of Examples 1 and 2 were extruded into sheets in the following manner:
  • the cellulose ester composition in flowable condition 6 1s extruded through the orifice 2 of the die 1 and contacts the surface of the first cooling roll 4 at a point 3.
  • the sheet S is passed around the first cooling roll 4, which is revolved at a rate equal to the rate of extrusion, and then around the second cooling roll 5, which is revolved at the same speed as the first cooling roll 4.
  • the sheet S is then wound into a roll or is cut into individual sheets.
  • the temperature of the die 1 is preferably maintained between 370 and 420 F.
  • the temperature of the first cooling roll 4 is advantageously 135-210 F.
  • the temperature of the second cooling roll 5 is preferably 165-260 F.
  • the first cooling roll 4 is positioned in spaced relationship to the orifice 2 of the die 1 so that the sheet S travels 2 to 5 inches, preferably 2 /2 inches, from the orifice 2 to the point of contact 3 of the first cooling roll 4. During this travel the petroleum oil in the composition first vaporizes and then condenses as at 7 to form a layer or interface between the sheeting S and the first cooling roll 4.
  • the cellulose ester sheeting obtained in accordance with the procedure has a smooth, glossy surface.
  • Our invention includes the use of any of the lower fatty acid (i.e., those containing from 2-4 carbon atoms) esters of cellulose. Especially useful products are obtained with the mixed lower fatty acid esters of cellulose, particularly cellulose acetate butyrate.
  • the petroleum oils which we incorporate in the extrusion compositions of our invention have a boiling range of 400935 F. Especially satisfactory results are obtained with highly refined white oils, free of unsaturated components, which have a boiling range of about 545 F. to 790 F. Petroleum oils in amounts of about 0.05 to 5 parts per parts of cellulose ester produce good results. Preferably, about 1-2 parts of petroleum oil are employed per 100 parts of cellulose ester.
  • Sheeting prepared in accordance with our invention has a number of useful applications such as packaging.
  • Useful articles may be prepared from the sheeting by vacuum forming, for example.
  • a method of forming a sheet having improved surface characteristics from a cellulose ester composition blended with a petroleum oil comprising the steps of extruding into the form of a sheet at a temperature sufiicient to vaporize the petroleum oil a composition comprising (a) 100 parts by weight of a compound selected from the group consisting of the lower fatty acid esters of cellulose and the mixed lower fatty acid esters of cellulose and,
  • a method according-to claim 2 wherein the corn- 2,499,526 position comprises 5 2,559,794 (a) 100 parts of cellulose acetate propionate and 6,0 (b) 1-2 parts of a petroleum oil having a boiling point 2,909,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

y 1965 R. E. GIBSON ETAL I 3, ,8
METHOD OF FORMiNG A SHEET Filed Dec. 22. 1961 RogerE. G i been LeslerWA Meyer IN V EN TORS' BY' AJQMW United States Patent 3,194,866 METHOD OF FORMING A SHEET Roger E. Gibson and Lester W. A. Meyer, Kingsport,
Tenn, assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey Filed Dec. 22, 1961, Ser. No. 161,693 3 Claims. (Cl. 264211) 'method for the preparation of sheeting from cellulose esters having improved surface characteristics. Other objects of our invention will appear herein.
We have found that sheets having good surface characteristics may be prepared from cellulose ester compositions by incorporating therein 0.05 to parts, per 100 parts of cellulose ester, of a petroleum oil having a boiling range within 400-935 F extruding the composition through a die to form a sheet, and permitting the emerging sheet to contact a cooling roll positioned so that the sheet travels about 2-5 inches before contacting the cooling roll. The petroleum oil vaporizes from the sheet emerging from the die and condenses on the first cooling roll thereby providing a layer between the roll and the sheet. The thus-formed layer assures obtaining a sheet of good surface characteristics.
Typical cellulose ester extrusion compositions in accordance with our invention are illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1 Parts Cellulose acetate butyrate 100 Dibutyl sebacate 0-40 Bayol 50 l Phenyl salicylate 3 Example 2 Parts Cellulose acetate propionate 100 Dibutyl sebacate 0-40 Bayol F 2 Oil of pennyroyal 0-5 The cellulose acetate propionate has a propionyl range of 43-47%, an acetyl range of 1.5-3.5% and a falling ball viscosity of 20 seconds. Bayol F is a white oil, free of unsaturated components, having a boiling range of 463 930 F. It is available on the market from Esso Standard Oil Company.
Our invention will be further illustrated by the drawing which shows a die 1 provided with a sheet forming orifice 2 which communicates in spaced relationship with a hollow cooling roll 4, provided with suitable cooling means, not shown, and a second cooling roll 5 positioned in axial alignment with the first cooling roll 4. The cooling rolls are mounted on a support, not shown, through shafts 8 and 9, and are provided with suitable means, not shown, for rotation at a controlled rate.
3,194,865 Patented July 13, 1965 The cellulose ester compositions of Examples 1 and 2 were extruded into sheets in the following manner: The cellulose ester composition in flowable condition 6 1s extruded through the orifice 2 of the die 1 and contacts the surface of the first cooling roll 4 at a point 3. The sheet S is passed around the first cooling roll 4, which is revolved at a rate equal to the rate of extrusion, and then around the second cooling roll 5, which is revolved at the same speed as the first cooling roll 4. The sheet S is then wound into a roll or is cut into individual sheets. The temperature of the die 1 is preferably maintained between 370 and 420 F. The temperature of the first cooling roll 4 is advantageously 135-210 F. and the temperature of the second cooling roll 5 is preferably 165-260 F. The first cooling roll 4 is positioned in spaced relationship to the orifice 2 of the die 1 so that the sheet S travels 2 to 5 inches, preferably 2 /2 inches, from the orifice 2 to the point of contact 3 of the first cooling roll 4. During this travel the petroleum oil in the composition first vaporizes and then condenses as at 7 to form a layer or interface between the sheeting S and the first cooling roll 4. The cellulose ester sheeting obtained in accordance with the procedure has a smooth, glossy surface.
Although we prefer to extrude the cellulose ester sheeting onto a cooling roll, other devices may be substituted for the roll without departing from the spirit of our invention. In general, we contemplate the extrusion of cellulose ester sheeting onto any suitable moving surface.
Our invention includes the use of any of the lower fatty acid (i.e., those containing from 2-4 carbon atoms) esters of cellulose. Especially useful products are obtained with the mixed lower fatty acid esters of cellulose, particularly cellulose acetate butyrate.
The petroleum oils which we incorporate in the extrusion compositions of our invention have a boiling range of 400935 F. Especially satisfactory results are obtained with highly refined white oils, free of unsaturated components, which have a boiling range of about 545 F. to 790 F. Petroleum oils in amounts of about 0.05 to 5 parts per parts of cellulose ester produce good results. Preferably, about 1-2 parts of petroleum oil are employed per 100 parts of cellulose ester.
Sheeting prepared in accordance with our invention has a number of useful applications such as packaging. Useful articles may be prepared from the sheeting by vacuum forming, for example.
The invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it being understood that variations and modifications can be made within the scope of the invention defined in the following claims.
We claim:
1. A method of forming a sheet having improved surface characteristics from a cellulose ester composition blended with a petroleum oil comprising the steps of extruding into the form of a sheet at a temperature sufiicient to vaporize the petroleum oil a composition comprising (a) 100 parts by weight of a compound selected from the group consisting of the lower fatty acid esters of cellulose and the mixed lower fatty acid esters of cellulose and,
(b) 0.05 to 5 parts by weight of a petroleum oil having a boiling point within the range of 400 F. to 935 F moving the emerging sheet through a distance of about (a) 100 parts of a cellulose acetate butyrate and 2,201,747 (b) 1-2 parts of petroleum oil having a boiling point 2,364,435 within the range of 545 F. to 790 F. 2,412,920
3. A method according-to claim 2 wherein the corn- 2,499,526 position comprises 5 2,559,794 (a) 100 parts of cellulose acetate propionate and 6,0 (b) 1-2 parts of a petroleum oil having a boiling point 2,909,
within the range of 545 F. to 790 F.
References Citefl by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,027,829 1/36 Kratz 264-213 Staudt 264217 Foster et a1 264-210 Soday 106-191 Prichard 106--191 Prichard 264217 Chren et al.
Jensch.
ROBERT F. WHITE, Primary Examiner.
10 MICHAEL V. BRINDISI, ALEXANDER H. BROD- MERKEL, Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF FORMING A SHEET HAVING IMPROVED SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS FROM A CELLULOSE ESTER COMPOSITION BLENDED WITH A PETROLEUM OIL COMPRISING THE STEPS OF EXTRUDING INTO THE FORM OF A SHEET AT A TEMPERATURE SUFFICIENT TO VAPORIZE THE PETROLEUM OIL A COMPOSITION COMPRISING (A) 100 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF A COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THE LOWER FATTY ACID ESTERS OF CELLULOSE AND THE MIXED LOWER FATTY ACID ESTERS OF CELLULOSE AND, (B) 0.05 TO 5 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF A PETROLEUM OIL HAVING A BOILING POINT WITHIN THE RANGE OF 400* F. TO 935* F. MOVING THE EMERGING SHEET THROUGH A DISTANCE OF ABOUT 2-5 INCHED TO A COOLED MOVING SURFACE WHILE CONDENSING THE VAPORIZED PETROLEUM OIL ON THE COOLED MOVING SURFACE CLOSELY ADJACENT THE SURFACE OF THE SHEET AND FORMING A LIQUID INTERFACE BETWEEN THE SHEET AND THE COOLED MOVING SURFACE.
US161693A 1961-12-22 1961-12-22 Method of forming a sheet Expired - Lifetime US3194866A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4066729A (en) * 1969-06-04 1978-01-03 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Extrusion method and apparatus
US4148851A (en) * 1976-07-06 1979-04-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for producing thermoplastic polymer sheets
US4348238A (en) * 1980-06-26 1982-09-07 Eastman Kodak Company Manufacture of cellulose ester film
EP0930151A2 (en) * 1998-01-14 1999-07-21 Pentacast S.r.l. Plastic film production plant

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2027829A (en) * 1933-11-08 1936-01-14 Marbo Products Corp Method of casting transparent films
US2201747A (en) * 1935-09-27 1940-05-21 Du Pont Method of producing moistureproof cellulosic pellicles
US2364435A (en) * 1941-11-04 1944-12-05 Du Pont Manufacture of films
US2412920A (en) * 1942-09-19 1946-12-17 United Gas Improvement Co Cellulose derivative composition
US2499526A (en) * 1946-11-09 1950-03-07 Celanese Corp Plasticized cellulose propionate
US2559794A (en) * 1946-10-30 1951-07-10 Celanese Corp Casting solution of cellulose propionate
US2736066A (en) * 1956-02-28 Process for
US2909810A (en) * 1957-02-28 1959-10-27 Dynamit Nobel Ag Process for the production of polyvinyl-butyral foils

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2736066A (en) * 1956-02-28 Process for
US2027829A (en) * 1933-11-08 1936-01-14 Marbo Products Corp Method of casting transparent films
US2201747A (en) * 1935-09-27 1940-05-21 Du Pont Method of producing moistureproof cellulosic pellicles
US2364435A (en) * 1941-11-04 1944-12-05 Du Pont Manufacture of films
US2412920A (en) * 1942-09-19 1946-12-17 United Gas Improvement Co Cellulose derivative composition
US2559794A (en) * 1946-10-30 1951-07-10 Celanese Corp Casting solution of cellulose propionate
US2499526A (en) * 1946-11-09 1950-03-07 Celanese Corp Plasticized cellulose propionate
US2909810A (en) * 1957-02-28 1959-10-27 Dynamit Nobel Ag Process for the production of polyvinyl-butyral foils

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4066729A (en) * 1969-06-04 1978-01-03 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Extrusion method and apparatus
US4148851A (en) * 1976-07-06 1979-04-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for producing thermoplastic polymer sheets
US4348238A (en) * 1980-06-26 1982-09-07 Eastman Kodak Company Manufacture of cellulose ester film
EP0930151A2 (en) * 1998-01-14 1999-07-21 Pentacast S.r.l. Plastic film production plant
EP0930151A3 (en) * 1998-01-14 2000-01-05 Pentacast S.r.l. Plastic film production plant

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