Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
  • C07D307/46—Doubly bound oxygen atoms, or two oxygen atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
  • A23L5/40—Colouring or decolouring of foods
  • A23L5/42—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners
  • A23L5/47—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners using synthetic organic dyes or pigments not covered by groups A23L5/43 - A23L5/46
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
  • C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
  • C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
  • C07C45/72—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing >C = O groups with the same or other compounds containing >C = O groups
  • C07C45/74—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing >C = O groups with the same or other compounds containing >C = O groups combined with dehydration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
  • C07C49/20—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C49/213—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C49/217—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing six-membered aromatic rings having unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
  • C07C49/223—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing six-membered aromatic rings having unsaturation outside the aromatic rings polycyclic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
  • C07C49/20—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C49/255—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups

Definitions

• an aldehyde the carbonyl double bond of the functional group of which is in conjugation with a carbon-carbon double bond
• a pentane-2:4-dione at a temperature not greater than 170 C. in the presence of boric oxide, a trialkyl borate having up to 18 carbon atoms in each alkyl group and a amine.
• the condensation may be carried out in the presence of a solvent and fatty acid esters, particularly ethyl acetate, may be used for this purpose.
• a solvent the condensation can be carried out at temperatures as low as 20 to 60 C.
• aldehydes the carbonyl double bond primary aliphatic of the functional group of which is in conjugation with a carbon-carbon double bond
• aldehydes having a carbonyl double bond in conconjugation with an olefinic double bond for instance crotonaldehyde
• those aldehydes in which the carbonyl double bond is in conjugation with an aryl double bond the functional group of the aldehyde being attached direct to an aryl group for instance benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, m-nitrobenzaldehyde, protocatechualdehyde, vanillin, piperonal, veratraldehyde, anisaldehyde, 'tolualdehyde, thymol aldehyde, and aand fl-naphthaldehyde; those aldehydes in which the carbonyl
• Suitable pentane-2z4-diones are pentane-2z4-dione itself, comrnonly referred to as acetyl acetone, and S-methylpentane-2z4-dione.
• the trialkyl borates employed in processes according to the invention are those having up to 18 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, examples of which include: trimethyl, triethyl, tri-n-propyl, tri-iso-propyl, tri-n-butyl, tri-iso-butyl, .tri-sec-butyl, tri-tert-butyl, tri-n-pentyl, triiso-pentyl, tri-n-octyl, trilauryl, tripalmityl and tristearyl borates.
• Trialkyl borates in which the alkyl radicals are secondary alcohol radicals tend to favour higher yields of the colouring matter.
• the primary aliphatic amines employed in processes according to the invention may be a monoor poly-amine, such as alkyl monoamine, and alkylene diamines, especially one containing at least three carbon atoms: preferably the amine contains no more than six carbon atoms. Examples are iso-propylamine, iso-butylamine, n-butylamine, n-pentylamine and hexamethylene diamine.
• the molar ratio of boric oxide to aldehyde is suitably from 1:8 to 1:1, most suitably about 1:4.
• the primary aliphatic amine is added gradually during the course of the reaction.
• the molar ratio of amine to aldehyde employed is preferably from 1:10 to about 1: 1.
• a ratio of about 1:4 is very suitable.
• the molar ratio of trialkyl borate to aldehyde employed is preferably in the range 1:4 to 10:1.
• the molar ratio of trialkyl borate to aldehyde is very suitably about 2:1.
• the products of the reaction are fat-soluble and are stable at high temperatures: they can be used as colouring agents for food, and can be incorporated in foodstuffs such as frying fats, potato chips, dried soups, curries and piccalilli.
• Tri-n-butyl borate was prepared from 25 g. of boric acid (0.4 mol) and 250 ml. of n-butanol (2.7 mol). 26.4 g. of cinnamaldehyde (0.2 mol), the reaction product of 10 g. of acetyl acetone (0.1 mol) and 5 g. of boric oxide (0.07 mol) (obtained by stirring the mixture until a dry paste was formed), and ml. of ethyl acetate, were added with stirring to the tri-n-butyl borate maintained at a temperature of 50 C. and the mixture was stirred for a further 30 minutes. A slightly turbid solution was obtained.
• Example 3 92 g. of tri-iso-butyl borate (0.4 mol), 30.4 g. of vanillin (0.2 mol) and 100 ml. of ethyl acetate were warmed to 20 C. and stirred until a homogeneous solution was formed.
• the reaction product obtained by stirring a mixture of 11.4 g. of 3-methylpentane-2:4-dione (0.1 mol) and g. boric oxide (0.07 mol) until a dry paste was formed, was added to this solution. Then 4 ml. of isobutylamine were added dropwise, as described in Example 1, and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours. After standing for 12 hours, 250 ml.
• Example 5 29.8 g. of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (0.2 mol), the reaction product of 10 g. of acetyl acetone (0.1 mol) and 5 g. of boric oxide (0.7'mol), and 100 ml. of ethyl acetate were added with stirring at C. to '92 g. of tri-n-butyl borate (0.4 mol). After stirring for a further 10 minutes, 4 ml. of n-butylamine were added dropwise, with continuous stirring, at the rate of 1 ml. every 10 minutes, and
• Example 6 A mixture of 60 g. of vanillin (0.4 mol), 200 ml. of tri-n-butyl borate (0.8 mol) and the reaction product of 20 g. of acetyl acetone (0.2 mol) and 10 g. of boric oxide (0.14 mol) (obtained by stirring these compounds for about 20 minutes until a dry paste was formed) was heated to 110 C. with constant stirring. 4 ml. of npentylamine were then added dropwise at the rate of 1 ml. every 5 minutes, the stirring being continued for 4 was allowed :to stand for 2 days.
• Example 7 14 g. of crotonaldehyde (0.2 mol), the reaction product of 10 g. of acetyl acetone (0.1 mol) and 5 g. of boric oxide (0.07 mol), and 100 ml. of ethyl acetate were added with stirring at 40 C. to 92 g. of tri-n-butyl borate (0.4 mol). After continuous stir-ring fora further 15 minutes, a somewhat turbid solution was obtained.
• Example 8 The process according to Example 2 was repeated using 0.8 mol of trimethyl borate instead of tri-n-butyl borate. The total yield of curcumin obtained was 46.4 g. (62.7%. of theoretical).
• Example 9 The process according to Example 2 was repeated using 0.8 mol of triethyl borate instead of tri-n-butyl borate.
• Example 10 The process according of Example 2 was repeated using 0.8 mol of tri-n-propyl borate instead of tri-n-butyl borate. The total yield of curcumin obtained was 51.1 g. (69% of theoretical).
• Example 11 The process according to Example 2 was repeated using 0.8 mol of tri-sec-propyl borate instead of tri-n-butyl borate. The total yield of cu-rcumin obtained was 59.3 g. (80% of theoretical).
• Example 12 The process according to Example 2 was repeated using 0.8 mol of tri-sec-butyl borate instead of tri-n-butyl borate. The total yield of curcumin obtained was 57.8 g. (78% of theoretical).
• Example 13 The process according to Example 2 was repeated using 0.8 mol of tri-tert-butyl borate instead of tri-n-butyl borate.
• the total yield of curcumin obtained was 43 g. (58% of theoretical).
• Example 14 The process according to Example 2 was repeated using 0.8 mol of tri-isobutyl borate instead of tri-n-butyl borate. The total yield of curcumin obtained was 51.1 g. (69% of theoretical).
• Example 15 The process according to Example 2 was repeated using 0.8 mol of tri-n-pentyl borate instead of 1tri-nbutyl borate. The total yield of curcumin obtained was 43.7 g. (59% of theoretical).
• Example 16 The process according to Example 2 was repeated using 0.8 mol of tri-iso-pentyl borate instead of tri-n-butyl borate. The total yield of curcumin obtained was 48.9 g. (66% of theoretical).
• Example 17 The process according to Example 2 was repeated using 0.8 mol of tripalmityl borate instead of tri-nbutyl borate. The total yield of curcumin obtained was 14.1 g. (16% of theoretical).
• boric oxide in the presence of boric oxide, a trialkyl borate having up to 18 carbon atoms in each alkyl group and a primary aliphatic amine selected from the group consisting of alkyl monoamines and alkylene diarnines containing at least 3 and not more than 6 carbon atoms, the molar ratio of boric oxide to aldehyde being from 1:8 to 1:1, the molar ratio of amine to aldehyde being from 1:10 'to about 1:1, the molar ratio of trialkyl borate to aldehyde being from 1:4 to 10:1.
• boric oxide in the presence of boric oxide, a trialkyl borate having up to 18 carbon atoms in each alkyl group and a primary aliphatic amine selected from the group consisting of alkyl monoamines and alkylene diamines containing at least 3 and not more than '6 carbon atoms, the molar ratio of boric oxide to aldehyde being from 1:8 to 1:1, the molar ratio of amine to aldehyde being from 1:10 to about 1:1, the molar ratio of trialkyl borate to aldehyde being from 1:4 to 10:1.

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  • NL NL255427D patent/NL255427A/xx unknown
• 1959
  • 1959-08-31 GB GB29623/59A patent/GB914047A/en not_active Expired
• 1960
  • 1960-08-29 US US52361A patent/US3194841A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1960-08-31 CH CH980760A patent/CH414043A/de unknown

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