US3189816A - Automatic adjustment and compensation of the secondary voltage of a transformer - Google Patents

Automatic adjustment and compensation of the secondary voltage of a transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3189816A
US3189816A US107558A US10755861A US3189816A US 3189816 A US3189816 A US 3189816A US 107558 A US107558 A US 107558A US 10755861 A US10755861 A US 10755861A US 3189816 A US3189816 A US 3189816A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
potentiometer
transformer
contact
primary winding
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Expired - Lifetime
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US107558A
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English (en)
Inventor
Brozek Mnata
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Chirana Praha np
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Chirana Praha np
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC
    • G05F1/14—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices
    • G05F1/147—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices with motor driven tap switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
    • H05G1/30—Controlling
    • H05G1/32—Supply voltage of the X-ray apparatus or tube

Definitions

  • this third arrangement has not been used up to the present for various reasons.
  • One reason is that it has not been known how to control and stabilize the secondary voltage in such a way that the device could operate fully automatically and with a great degree of accuracy within the whole working range.
  • An other difficulty of this third arrangement resides in the fact that the potentiometer in the automatic controller must have a hyperbolic characteristic and that the sensitivity of the control relay for the servo-system must be a quadratic function of the difference between the maximum and minimum value of the voltage to be regulated.
  • the method of voltage control, or the secondary voltage control system, to which this invention relates eliminates the afore-mentioned drawbacks in that it suggests an accurately working practicable device based on the third principle mentioned above.
  • a substantial advantage of the invention system consists in that the sensing element need not be calibrated as to its sensitivity since the sensitivity of the sensing element can be constant, thus enabling the system to incorporate electronic components and circuitry.
  • FIGS. la, 1b and 1c are schematic wiring diagrams illustrating the three known secondary voltage control systems mentioned above;
  • FIG. 2 is a somewhat more detailed schematic Wiring diagram of a control system based uponthe principle .of controlling the secondary voltage by varying the number of turns of the primary .winding;
  • FIG. 3 is a somewhat more detailed schematic wiring diagram illustrating a secondary voltage control system embodying the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the principles involved in the invention control system.
  • F IG. la illustrates a system for controlling the secondary voltage of a transformer Tm by the use of an auto transformer AT which is connected across the primary winding of the transformer.
  • KV represents a meter
  • the load such as an X-ray tube, as indicated as L.
  • PEG. lb illustrates an arrangement for controlling the secondary voltageof the transformer Tm by varying the number of turns of the secondary winding, this being effected by the use of a moveable contact MC, as schematically illustrated in FIG. lb.
  • FIG. 1c schematically illustrates a secondary voltage control system which is based upon the principle of varying the number of turns of the primary winding.
  • the number of turns of the primary winding is varied by means of an adjustable contact MC.
  • the basic transformer equation suggests that for a-constant number of secondary turns the number of primary turns can be computed for each chosen value of both the main voltage and the secondary voltage.
  • the basic transformer equation is diagrammatically illustrated in the graph of FIG. 4 covering the usual working ranges. At the same time, this graph also shows the nomograph of the equation expressing the regulating action of the device according to this invention.
  • the potentiometer moving contact I is associated with the scale of the control device.
  • the corresponding potentiometer P is linear and a stabilized DC. voltage is applied to its terminals.
  • the control moving contacts 3 which adjusts the number of primary turns, is. coupled to the moving contact J of the hyperbolic potentiometer P
  • This potentiometer is connected across a DC. voltage which is proportional to the voltage of that phase of the mains x, y, z, which is applied across the main transformer TR.
  • Both moving contacts 1 and J are electrically connected through the coil of a polarized relay PR. When this relay is not excited its moving contact is in the intermediate (zero) position between two fixed contacts.
  • This relay (sensing element, pick-up) can be either electromagnetic (moving-coil system) or electronic or it can be based on a semi-conductor etc.
  • the relay contact is in neutral position when the voltages picked-up by both contacts 1 and 1 are equal. lt-mr instance-the voltage on I is higher than that on J as when the secondary voltage is lower than a desired preset value, the relay contact closes the circuit of the relay n which, in turn, energizes the electro-motor M to rotate in such a direction that the voltage tapped with the contact J begins to rise. As soon as the voltages on 3 and 1 are equal, the contact of the relay PR returns to neutral position, the relay n is de-energized, the electro-motor ceases to rotate and the whole device is again at rest.
  • the pick-up sensitivity need not be varied at all.
  • the control voltage E is directly proportional to the pick-up sensitivity and inversely proportional to the secondary voltage.
  • the kilovolt scale can be computed, e.g. for the nominal mains voltage E :38() volts.
  • This equation also enables the extreme value B to be computed.
  • another scale can be added to the Z- scale in the graph of FIG. 4 mentioned above. For instance, for 1K:5 turns and for the pick-up sensitivity C:2 volts per one turn, the required control volts can be read from the diagram at a glance.
  • the control potentiometer P is a linear potentiometer and has applied thereacross a stabilized DC voltage rather than a DC. voltage proportional to the voltage of that phase of the mains which is applied across the transformer 1",. It will thus be noted that the arrangement of FIG. 3 ditters, in this first respect, from that of FIG. 2.
  • the potentiometer P of the invention arrangement, as shown in FIG. 3, has applied thereacross an unstabilized voltage which is a DC.
  • the potentiometer P can be (1) a linear potentiometer with a hyperbolic scale, (2) a hyperbolic potentiometer with a linear scale, or (.3) a combination of potentiometer and associated scale having a hyperbolic characteristic.
  • a control system for automatically controlling the secondary voltage of a transformer by correctively adjusting the number of primary Winding turns of the transformer responsive to deviation of the secondary voltage from a preset value as a result of variation in the supply voltage impressed across the transformer primary winding, the improvement comprising a first contact adjustable along said primary Winding to vary the number of turns thereof effectively in circuit; a first linear potentiometer including a second contact adjustable therealong and mechanically coupled to said first contact; means for applying a stabilized DC.
  • control voltage impressed across said second potentiometer means being inversely proportional to the secondary voltage of said transformer.
  • said second potentiometer means comprising a linear potentiometer and said scale means comprising a hyperbolic scale.
  • said second potentiometer means comprising a hyperbolic potentiometer and said scale means comprising a linear scale.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US107558A 1960-05-06 1961-05-03 Automatic adjustment and compensation of the secondary voltage of a transformer Expired - Lifetime US3189816A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS298860 1960-05-06

Publications (1)

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US3189816A true US3189816A (en) 1965-06-15

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US107558A Expired - Lifetime US3189816A (en) 1960-05-06 1961-05-03 Automatic adjustment and compensation of the secondary voltage of a transformer

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3189816A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE603441A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB988146A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL264420A (en(2012))

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3304485A (en) * 1963-12-26 1967-02-14 Union Carbide Corp Welding arc power supply
US4965508A (en) * 1988-03-29 1990-10-23 Apv Uk Limited Power supply circuit having controllable thyristor network and adjustable voltage regulator
CN108375739A (zh) * 2018-04-08 2018-08-07 深圳市海德森科技股份有限公司 电动车锂电池的荷电状态估算方法与荷电状态估算系统

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3304485A (en) * 1963-12-26 1967-02-14 Union Carbide Corp Welding arc power supply
US4965508A (en) * 1988-03-29 1990-10-23 Apv Uk Limited Power supply circuit having controllable thyristor network and adjustable voltage regulator
CN108375739A (zh) * 2018-04-08 2018-08-07 深圳市海德森科技股份有限公司 电动车锂电池的荷电状态估算方法与荷电状态估算系统
CN108375739B (zh) * 2018-04-08 2023-10-03 深圳市海德森科技股份有限公司 电动车锂电池的荷电状态估算方法与荷电状态估算系统

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Publication number Publication date
NL264420A (en(2012))
GB988146A (en) 1965-04-07
BE603441A (fr) 1961-09-01

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