US3188367A - Process for manufacturing plates from wood shavings and fibers - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing plates from wood shavings and fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3188367A
US3188367A US141491A US14149161A US3188367A US 3188367 A US3188367 A US 3188367A US 141491 A US141491 A US 141491A US 14149161 A US14149161 A US 14149161A US 3188367 A US3188367 A US 3188367A
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United States
Prior art keywords
plates
layers
binder
fibers
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US141491A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gottschalk Ulrich
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/086—Presses with means for extracting or introducing gases or liquids in the mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/20—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/20—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses
    • B27N3/203—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses with heating or cooling means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing of plates from shavings and/or fibers especially of wood by miXing these particles with a binder and subjecting the mixture then to heat and pressure between the platens of a press.
  • the wood shavings and/ or fibers are first dried to a suitable degree, then mixed with an appropriate binder and this mixture is placed in a substantially uniform layer between the platens of a press or in form of a plurality of layers with sheet metal plates sandwiched therebetween, and then the layer or layers are subjected in the press to appropriate pressure whereby the press platens are preferably heated.
  • the shavings are quite often treated with various chemicals and/or coloring agents before they are subjected to heat and pressure so as to improve the quality of the obtained plates to make the same for instance resistant against humidity, to increase the flame resistance thereof, to make the plates resistant against attacl: by termites or to obtain plates of various colors.
  • Part of the moisture contained in the material to be pressed evaporates during subjection of the material to heat and pressure.
  • the thus created vapor has to escape from the pressed layers during the pressing process to prevent bursting of the formed plates after release of the pressure, if the plates are not subjected to an expensive cooling process while the press remains closed so as to condense the vapors before releasing the pressure.
  • the necessary relatively high temperature for curing the binder will also cause part of the binder and any chemicals mixed with the shavings to evaporate and the odors of such vapors may be disagreeably felt and lead also to an endangering of the health of the press operator.
  • the water vapor and any other vapors forming during the process can escape from the pressed layer or layers only along the edges of the layer or layers since the main surfaces thereof are covered by the press platens or the sandwiched metal sheets between a plurality of layers arranged between the press platens, which detrimentally increases the operating cycle.
  • the process of manufacturing of plates from shavings and fibers comprises essentially the step of mixing shavings and fibers of wood with a binder, forming at least one layer of the binder treated material, superimposing upon said binder treated material a second layer of moisture and vapor absorbing material, and applying heat and pressure to said superimposed layers to form a plate from said binder treated material, whereby moisture contained in said first mentioned layer and vapors forming during the process will be at least in part absorbed by the second layer.
  • moisture contained in the binder treated material and vapors forming during the process cannot only escape through the edges of the layer of binder treated material, but such moisture and vapors may escape through one main surface of the binder treated material into the second layer adjacent thereto and in contact with this main surface so that the pressing cycle can be considerably reduced.
  • a pair of layers from said binder treated material with a third layer of moisture and vapor absorbing material sandwiched between the pair of layers is arranged between the press platens so that two plates can be simultaneously formed while moisture and vapors forming during the process may escape from the outer layers of binder treatedma-terial into the central layer of moisture and vapor absorbing material.
  • the central layer is preferably formed from resilient material so that with an uneven distribution of the material in the binder treated layers portions of the central layer may be compressed to a greater or lesser degree during the pressing which will result in an uneven surface of the finished 7 plates in contact withthe thirdlayer, while the finished
  • the resilient intermediate layers can be formed frorn' various materials and the layer may be formed from continuous material or from loose particles. Especially in the first case it is preferred to treat the surfaces of the intermediate layer which come in contact with the binder treated material layers with material which is re;
  • the surfaces of the intermediate layer which come in con- 3 tact with the binder treated material layers may be dusted with powdery material, or fabrics may be placed on the surfaces of the intermediate layer which come in contact with the binder treated material to prevent penetration of the binder into the intermediate layer during the pressing process.
  • the intermediate layer may also be formed from wood shavings and fibers as are used for the outer layers from which during the pressing process the plates are formed, but the wood shavings and fibers for the intermediate layer are not mixed with a binder.
  • the shavings and fibers which have served during the first operating cycle as intermediate layer and which have absorbed the moisture and vapors from the outer layers during the pressing process, are then mixed with a binder and used in the next press cycle for forming at least part of the outer lay-. ers from which the plates are to be formed.
  • the material of the intermediate layer is formed from wood shavings and fibers which are subsequently used for forming part of the outer layers from which the plates are to be formed
  • This may also increase the absorption capability of the surfaces of the wood shavings fibers for the binder material to be mixed subsequent with these shavings and the chemicals which have been absorbed by the shavings and fibers of the intermediate layer will be rendered less volatile during the subsequent pressing process.
  • spacer means are used in a known manner to limit the approach of the press platens to each other to a predetermined degree, it is preferred according to the present invention to increase the pressure on the press platens gradually so that the press platens will abut against the spacer means only at the end of the operating cycle.
  • wood in the form of blocks or logs is fed into a shaver or comminuting means 1 to be comminuted therein into wood shav ings and/or fibers and the wood particles produced in the comminuting means 1 have to be made the smaller the thinner the thickness of the produced plate is to be. If the thickness of the produced plate is to be smaller than 5 mm., it is preferred to comminute at least part of the wood into fibers and the percentage of wood fibers to wood shavings, has to be increased the thinner the produced plate is to be.
  • the shavings and/ or fibers produced in the comminuting means 1 are then transported by transporting means, schematically illustrated by the arrow, into a drier 2 in which during the first operating cycle part of the material is dried to a lesser and another part is dried to a higher degree.
  • the lesser dried fibers and/or shavings are then transported over the path a by transporting means of known constructions into mixing means 3 of known construction in which the shavings and/ or fibers are mixed with a binder.
  • the binder treated material is fed by third transporting means, schematically shown in the drawing, between the platens 7 of a press 6 while the portion of the shavings and/or fibers dried to a higher degree in the dryer 2 is fed over thepath b by a fourth transporting means between the press platens 7 to form an intermediate layer 5 between the layers 4 formed by the binder treated material.
  • the press platens 7 are preferably heated and the superimposed layers 4, 5, 4 are then subjected to pressure by moving the press platens 7 toward each other.
  • the binder material is cured whereby moisture and vapor emanating from the material of the layers 4 will be substantially absorbed by the shavings and/or fibers of the intermediate layer 5.
  • the pair of plates 4, 4' produced from the layers 4 are separated at the end of the press cycle from the intermediate layer 5 and subsequently transported over the path 0 by transporting means of any well known construction into a brushing apparatus 8 which has a pair of brush rollers 8, 8" for brushing any shavings and/or fibers of the intermediate layer 5, adhering to the finished plates, therefrom.
  • the brush rollers 8' and 8" are preferably shiftable in vertical direction so that only the surface of the respective plate 4 which was during the pressing process in contact with the intermediate layer 5 will be brushed off during the passage of the respective plate through the brushing means 8.
  • the plates 4', 4 are subsequently passed through a planer 9 which has a pair of rotating planers 9', 9", which are also preferably shiftable in vertical direction so that during passage of the respective plates 4' through the planer 9 only such surfaces of the plates will be machined which have been during the pressing operation in contact with the intermediate layer 5.
  • the shavings and/or fibers of the intermediatelayer 5, the humidity content of which has been increased during the preceding pressing process to a degree suitable for the subsequent application of a binder and press forming the material into plates, are transported after the first pressing cycle over the path d, by transport ing means of any well known construction, into the mixing means 3 in which this material is mixed with a binder, so that the mixture may be subsequently used for forming at least part of the layers 4 between the press platens, to be formed during the next pressing cycle into plates 4.
  • the compressed shavings and/or fibers may be loosened up by any means is known in the art.
  • the shavings and/or fibers removed from the finished plates 4' in the apparatus 8 and the shavings produced during machining of the finished plates 4' in the apparatus 9 are preferably also fed together with the material of the intermediate layer into the mixing means 3 to be mixed with the binder so that any waste of material is avoided.
  • the material of the intermediate layer 5 is used to form therefrom part or all of the outer layers 4 from which the plates are to be formed so as to omit feeding of lesser dried shavings and/or fibers from the dryer 2 over the path a into the mixing means 3, or to considerably reduce the amount of shavings and/or fibers fed over this path.
  • the material used in the preceding pressing cycle to form the intermediate layer 5 is mixed with a binder and the thus obtained mixture is then used for forming the layers which are subsequently formed into the plates 4'.
  • the plates to be produced are to be provided with special additives, such as paraifin and mineral waxes to increase the moisture resistance of the finished plates, or ammonium phosphate or boric acid as flame resisting agents, pentachlorophenol to prevent attack of the finished plates by termites, or any color additives, then such additives or chemicals are preferably mixed in an additional mixer to the shavings and/or fibers which are first used for forming the intermediate layer 5. In this way such additives or chemicals will penetrate the shavings and/or fibers forming the intermediate layer 5 during the pressing process, whereby better action of these chemicals and additives on the material is obtained.
  • additives or chemicals such as paraifin and mineral waxes to increase the moisture resistance of the finished plates, or ammonium phosphate or boric acid as flame resisting agents, pentachlorophenol to prevent attack of the finished plates by termites, or any color additives
  • the intermediate layer 5 is not formed from loose shavings and/or fibers, but from continuous but resilient material, then it is preferred to cover the surfaces of the intermediate layer 5 in contact with the outer layers 4 with powdery material which will substantially prevent penetration of the binder material of the layers into the intermediate layer 5 so as to facilitate separation of the intermediate layer from the plates 4' formed from the outer layers 4.
  • the surfaces of the intermediate layer 5 in contact with the outer layers 4 may also be covered with netlike material or fabric permeable by moisture and vapor.
  • the pressure on the plates 7 of the press is preferably controlled as mentioned above, that is, the pressure is either increased gradually from the beginning up to the end of the press cycle, or the pressure is increased during the beginning of the press cycle to the necessary maximum, to obtain the desired plate thickness and then maintained at this maximum up to the end of the pressing cycle. If spacer means are used between the press platens to limit the extent of approach thereof to each other, then the pressure is controlled in such a manner that the press platens will contact the spacer means only at the end of the press cycle.
  • a process of manufacturing plates from wood shavings and fibers comprising the steps of mixing wood shavings and fibers with a binder; forming a pair of layers from said binder treated material with a third layer of Wood shavings and fibers without a binder sandwiched therebetween; applying heat and pressure to said superimposed layers to form a pair of plates from said layers of binder treated material, whereby moisture contained in said pair of layers and vapors forming during the proc ess will be at least in part absorbed by said third layer; separating said plates from said third layer; mixing the material of said third layer with a binder; and using the thus obtained mixture for forming at least part of a pair of layers for forming plates therefrom during the next operating cycle.
  • a method as defined in claim 1 in which said wood thus obtained material to reduce the moisture contents thereof to a predetermined degree suitable for mixing the material with a binder; drying another portion of said comminuted wood material to a greater degree than said first mentioned portion; mixing said first mentioned portion of said dried material with a binder; forming from said binder treated material a pair of layers and from said second mentioned portion a third layer sandwiched between said pair of layers; subjecting said superimposed layers to heat and pressure to form a pair of plates from said binder treated layers, whereby moisture contained in said pair of layers and vapors forming during the process will be at least in part absorbed by said third layer and said third layer being made of such a thickness that the moisture transferred thereinto will moisten the material of said third layer to contain a degree of moisture substantially equal to said predetermined degree; separating said plates from said third layer; mixingthe material of said third layer with the binder; and using the thus obtained mixture for forming at least part of a pair of layers for forming plates therefrom during the next operating cycle.
  • a process of manufacturing plates from wood shavings and fibers comprising the steps of mixing said shavings and fibers with a binder; forming -a pair of layers from said binder treated material with a third resilient layer of particulated moisture and vapor absorbing material without a binder sandwiched between said pair of layers; applying heat and pressure to said-superimposed layers to form a pair of plates from said binder'treated material, whereby moisture contained in said pair of layers and vapors forming during the process will be at least in part absorbed by said third layer; separating said plates from said third layer; brushing any particles of "1 8 ing said plates after separation at surfaces thereof which 2,431,720 12/47 Willey.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
US141491A 1960-09-30 1961-09-28 Process for manufacturing plates from wood shavings and fibers Expired - Lifetime US3188367A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEG30614A DE1161415B (de) 1960-09-30 1960-09-30 Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Herstellen von Platten aus mit einem Bindemittel versehenen Spaenen und/oder Fasern, insbesondere aus Holz

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3188367A true US3188367A (en) 1965-06-08

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US141491A Expired - Lifetime US3188367A (en) 1960-09-30 1961-09-28 Process for manufacturing plates from wood shavings and fibers

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US (1) US3188367A (de)
AT (1) AT242933B (de)
CH (1) CH390538A (de)
DE (1) DE1161415B (de)
GB (1) GB923157A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3279048A (en) * 1963-02-01 1966-10-18 Weyerhaeuser Co Method of making a moldable wood fiber mat with metal insert
US3286006A (en) * 1962-06-21 1966-11-15 Annand David Logan Method of making chipboard involving grinding together a fibrous filler and solid resin
US3388202A (en) * 1965-09-27 1968-06-11 Monsanto Co Method for melting acrylonitrile polymers and copolymers
US3639200A (en) * 1969-12-19 1972-02-01 Armin Elmendorf Textured wood panel
US4240994A (en) * 1977-05-23 1980-12-23 Ottenholm Tor A Method for manufacturing a building element
US4402890A (en) * 1980-12-22 1983-09-06 Bison-Werke Bahre & Greten Gmbh & Co. Kg Method of manufacturing cement bonded boards
US4526737A (en) * 1982-01-14 1985-07-02 Kurt Held Method of making molded articles
US4883546A (en) * 1986-08-30 1989-11-28 Otto Kunnemeyer Process for the manufacture of wood fiber boards
WO1992008588A1 (en) * 1990-11-12 1992-05-29 Derek Worthington Maude Method and apparatus for producing insulation materials
US11752661B2 (en) * 2018-05-21 2023-09-12 5R Technologies Sdn. Bhd. Natural effect panel and method of fabricating the same

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US705562A (en) * 1902-03-25 1902-07-29 Gardiner W Chipley Lacing-hook.
US1098967A (en) * 1909-10-20 1914-06-02 Gen Electric Process of making insulating material.
GB401558A (en) * 1932-03-11 1933-11-16 Paul Vierkoetter Improvements in and relating to a process for the glueing together of pieces of fibrous or porous material
US2431720A (en) * 1943-10-23 1947-12-02 United States Gypsum Co Method of making pressed decorative lignocellulosic products
US2587171A (en) * 1949-01-27 1952-02-26 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Laminated article having an unimpregnated surface and method of making the same
US2642371A (en) * 1942-04-25 1953-06-16 Fahrni Fred Composite wooden board
US2745779A (en) * 1952-10-11 1956-05-15 Ritter Eugen Johann Method of making laminated panels and product thereof
US2822028A (en) * 1956-01-16 1958-02-04 Allwood Inc Method of manufacturing wood particle boards
US3057022A (en) * 1958-03-22 1962-10-09 Bar Forming apparatus for manufacture of wood composition panels or similar products

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US705562A (en) * 1902-03-25 1902-07-29 Gardiner W Chipley Lacing-hook.
US1098967A (en) * 1909-10-20 1914-06-02 Gen Electric Process of making insulating material.
GB401558A (en) * 1932-03-11 1933-11-16 Paul Vierkoetter Improvements in and relating to a process for the glueing together of pieces of fibrous or porous material
US2642371A (en) * 1942-04-25 1953-06-16 Fahrni Fred Composite wooden board
US2431720A (en) * 1943-10-23 1947-12-02 United States Gypsum Co Method of making pressed decorative lignocellulosic products
US2587171A (en) * 1949-01-27 1952-02-26 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Laminated article having an unimpregnated surface and method of making the same
US2745779A (en) * 1952-10-11 1956-05-15 Ritter Eugen Johann Method of making laminated panels and product thereof
US2822028A (en) * 1956-01-16 1958-02-04 Allwood Inc Method of manufacturing wood particle boards
US3057022A (en) * 1958-03-22 1962-10-09 Bar Forming apparatus for manufacture of wood composition panels or similar products

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3286006A (en) * 1962-06-21 1966-11-15 Annand David Logan Method of making chipboard involving grinding together a fibrous filler and solid resin
US3279048A (en) * 1963-02-01 1966-10-18 Weyerhaeuser Co Method of making a moldable wood fiber mat with metal insert
US3388202A (en) * 1965-09-27 1968-06-11 Monsanto Co Method for melting acrylonitrile polymers and copolymers
US3639200A (en) * 1969-12-19 1972-02-01 Armin Elmendorf Textured wood panel
US4240994A (en) * 1977-05-23 1980-12-23 Ottenholm Tor A Method for manufacturing a building element
US4402890A (en) * 1980-12-22 1983-09-06 Bison-Werke Bahre & Greten Gmbh & Co. Kg Method of manufacturing cement bonded boards
US4526737A (en) * 1982-01-14 1985-07-02 Kurt Held Method of making molded articles
US4883546A (en) * 1986-08-30 1989-11-28 Otto Kunnemeyer Process for the manufacture of wood fiber boards
WO1992008588A1 (en) * 1990-11-12 1992-05-29 Derek Worthington Maude Method and apparatus for producing insulation materials
US11752661B2 (en) * 2018-05-21 2023-09-12 5R Technologies Sdn. Bhd. Natural effect panel and method of fabricating the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB923157A (en) 1963-04-10
CH390538A (de) 1965-04-15
AT242933B (de) 1965-10-11
DE1161415B (de) 1964-01-16

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