US3188100A - Seal provided with ribs - Google Patents

Seal provided with ribs Download PDF

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Publication number
US3188100A
US3188100A US258262A US25826263A US3188100A US 3188100 A US3188100 A US 3188100A US 258262 A US258262 A US 258262A US 25826263 A US25826263 A US 25826263A US 3188100 A US3188100 A US 3188100A
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metal
clad
seal
ring
ribs
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US258262A
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Manuel M Delgado
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Priority to US365552A priority patent/US3325892A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/08—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing
    • F16J15/0887—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing the sealing effect being obtained by elastic deformation of the packing
    • F16J15/0893—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing the sealing effect being obtained by elastic deformation of the packing the packing having a hollow profile

Definitions

  • the present invention overcomes the above-described and other disadvantages of the prior art by providing a seal including a relatively hard metal body clad with a relatively soft metal.
  • a hard metal sheet is conventionally clad with a sheet of soft metal by preparing the surfaces of each of the sheets meticulously, so that the same are absolutely smooth to within extemely small tolerances, carefully cleaning the surfaces of the sheets, and pressing the two sheets together with an extremely high force, i.e., at pressures of millions of pounds per square inch to cause the sheets to. adhere to one another by a molecular bond therebetween.
  • the cladding process described in the immediately preceding paragraph is conventional. Hence, no claim is, of course, made to that process or the product thereof, i.e. clad metal sheet per se.
  • a hard metal sheet clad with a softer metal is employed as a seal in accordance with the present invention, because in this case, the material of the cladding sheet may be selected for its malleable property rather than for its electro- United States Patent 3,188,100 Patented June 8, 1965 "ice I plating property. This makes it an extremely valuable metal sealing material. Note will be taken that such was not possible in the case of prior art electroplated malleable materials.
  • the metal sheet thereof may include a toroidal shaped hard metal body having an annular slot through the internal surface theerofto provide a sealing ring of a C-shaped cross section.
  • metal seals are in general clamped between annular flanges.
  • the hard metal ring may be clad, on its external surface with a soft metal.
  • the hard metal is preferably made of a material having a high resilience.
  • the clad metal thereof may be located in 'a rib on the harder metal. It also may be provided with an extremely small width and may be machined to have an extremely sharp edge. This construction likewise is substantially improved over the rather large 'dull edge of prior art electroplated ribs. in that the small, sharp, clad malleable metal of the present invention may be driven or compressed into the small grooves of the annular compressing flanges employed in high-temperature gas-tight seals.
  • a ring of a C-shaped cross section be employed in lieu of the conventional metal O-ring of the prior art in that the C-shaped section of the ring of the present invention does not take a figure-eight deflection that the O-fing of the priorart does.
  • the compression load may be pro? vided directly on the small sharp edge of the malleable clad metal of the present invention.
  • a method of fabricating a clad metal seal having a clad sealing malleable metal rib thereon of an extremely small width and an extremely sharp edge will be described.
  • This method includes the step of removing spaced portions of a softer metal ,clad onto a harder metal to leave a rib of the softer metal on the harder metal between the said portions of the softer metal. It is also an outstanding feature that this step may be performed in a manner such that the rib is left with a relatively sharp edge.
  • the softer metal may be removed by machining. This is not possible with electroplated malleable metal because the same flakes off of the harder metal onto which the same is plated. It was, in fact, an outstanding discovery of the present invention that clad metal might be so machined.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a ring seal made in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the ring taken on the line 2-2 shown in FIG. 1; and 7 FIG. 3 is a broken away side elevational view of the portion of the ring shown in FIG. 2.
  • a ring 10 which may be constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the detail of the structure of ring 10 is better illustrated in FIG. 2. It will be noted that a hard metal tube 11 is provided which is clad at 12, 13 and 14 with a softer metal. Opposite sides of ring 10 at 15 and 16 are machined flat and the softer metal on the exterior of tube ring 10.
  • Tube 11 is provided with an annular slot extending through the internal surface thereof around the complete interior of ring 10.
  • the metal of tube 11 is made in sheet stock and this sheet stock is clad with the sheet stock out of which soft metal at 12, 13 and 14 is made. The same is true of the soft metal at ribs 17 and 18.
  • the hard metal of tube 11 may be stainless steel. This metal may have a relatively high resilience.
  • the metal at 12, 13, 14, 17 and 18 may be copper.
  • the copper clad stainless steel sheet is then formed into a copper clad tube 11 with the copper on the external 7 surface of the stainless steel.
  • the seam of the tube may be at the inner portion of ring 10 and need not be welded together in that the seam is eventually slotted at 21 anyway.
  • the slot 21 may be machined in tube 11.
  • the ends of the tubing 11 may be butt welded together and the weld ground flush with the external surface of the If desired, the slot 21 may be milled after the ring 10 has been formed by butt Welding and grinding the weld.
  • Opposite sides of ring 10 are then machined flat as at 15 and 16 leavingcopper ribs 17 and 18 having relatively sharp edges at 19 and 20 respectively.
  • the present invention therefore is substantially improved over that of the prior art in that the prior art hard and soft metals of the metal seals thereof have, in the past, had to be selected on the basis of their suitable electroplating property.
  • the seal of the .present invention also is substantially improved over that of the prior art. That is, edges 19 and 20 of ribs 17 and 18 can be made extremely sharp. This is true notwithstanding the fact that, as stated previously, it was impossible to produce such sharp edges with prior art electroplated soft metals in that such metals flake off of .be required with metal O-ring seals of the prior art.
  • a seal comprising: an approximately toroidal shaped hollow body made of a spring material, said body having an annular slot therein internally thereof; and a circular rib on each of the opposite sides of said body clad thereto, said ribs being made of a relatively malleable material.
  • a seal comprising: a tube-like body made of a spring metal and having a shape similar to that of a torus; and an axially extending annular rib clad uponv opposite sides of said body, said ribs being made of a metal more malleable than that of said body.
  • a seal comprising: a hollow tube-like body made of a spring metal and having a shape similar to that of a torus; and an axially extending annular rib clad to one side of said body, said rib being made of a metal more malleable than that of said body.
  • a seal comprising: a metal ring; and an annular rib clad to said ring, said rib being made of a metal more malleable than that of said ring.
  • a seal comprising: a hollow tube-like body made of a spring metal and having a shape similar to that of a torus, said body having an annular slot therein internally thereof; and an axially extending annular rib clad to one side of said body, said rib being made of a metal more malleable than that of said body.

Description

June 8, 1965 M. M. DELGADO SEAL PROVIDED WITH RIBS Filed Feb. 13, 1965 u- @K M Arroausvs.
3,188,100 SEAL PRGVIDED WITH RIBS Manuel M. Delgado, 14525 Florita, La Mirada, Calif.
Filed Feb. 13, 1963, Ser. No. 258,262 7 Claims. (Cl. 277-205) 'used which performs its function effectively over a temperature range much larger than that of conventional organic sealants.- 1
In the past, it has beenthe practice to use a harder plated metal body ribbed on both sides for a high temperature gas-tight seal. The plated metal is softer,but the material used therefor must be selected, at least in ,part, for its desirable electroplating property. The same is true of the harder metal body. Unfortunately, the functions of both metals in forming a gas-tight seal is completely unaffected by the electroplating property of each. It is in fact the malleability of the soft metal that is the property of principal concern when it functions as a seal. In particular, hopefully the plated metal at the tips of the seal ribs is mechanically driven or compressed into extremely small grooves or scratches or tool marks in the contacting surfaces of a pair. of annular flanges between which the metal seal bodyris compressed.
Due to the fact that it has not been possible to use extremely malleable plating metals because of their poor electroplating properties, plated, metal seals have performed poorly. They have also suffered in, their performance because it is not possible to electroplate' a small, very sharp edge. Note will be taken that a small, sharp malleable metal edge'may' be deformed and driven or compressed into the small annular flange grooves much farther and with a substantially improved sealing effect over that whichmay be produced with a large, dull malleable metal edge.
It is known in the'a-rt that a metal plated metal O-ring may be employed for a high-temperature gas-tight seal. However, it is not possible with such a seal touse a ribbedmetalbody because of figure-eight deflection that V the O-iing takesunder a compression load.
The present invention overcomes the above-described and other disadvantages of the prior art by providing a seal including a relatively hard metal body clad with a relatively soft metal.
The word clad as used herein is a technical word of art. A hard metal sheet is conventionally clad with a sheet of soft metal by preparing the surfaces of each of the sheets meticulously, so that the same are absolutely smooth to within extemely small tolerances, carefully cleaning the surfaces of the sheets, and pressing the two sheets together with an extremely high force, i.e., at pressures of millions of pounds per square inch to cause the sheets to. adhere to one another by a molecular bond therebetween.
As stated previously, the cladding process described in the immediately preceding paragraph is conventional. Hence, no claim is, of course, made to that process or the product thereof, i.e. clad metal sheet per se. However, it is an outstanding feature of the present invention that a hard metal sheet clad with a softer metal is employed as a seal in accordance with the present invention, because in this case, the material of the cladding sheet may be selected for its malleable property rather than for its electro- United States Patent 3,188,100 Patented June 8, 1965 "ice I plating property. This makes it an extremely valuable metal sealing material. Note will be taken that such was not possible in the case of prior art electroplated malleable materials.
In accordance with the present invention, the metal sheet thereof may include a toroidal shaped hard metal body having an annular slot through the internal surface theerofto provide a sealing ring of a C-shaped cross section. As stated previously, metal seals are in general clamped between annular flanges. Hence, the hard metal ring may be clad, on its external surface with a soft metal. The hard metalis preferably made of a material having a high resilience. Due to the fact that the soft metal is clad rather than electroplated in accordance with the prior art, it is in fact possible to select a hard metal of properties more suitable for a metal seal than was heretofore possible in accordance with prior art practices, because prior, art practice required the use of a hard resilient metal suitable for electroplating.
In accordance with another outstanding feature of the present invention, the clad metal thereof may be located in 'a rib on the harder metal. It also may be provided with an extremely small width and may be machined to have an extremely sharp edge. This construction likewise is substantially improved over the rather large 'dull edge of prior art electroplated ribs. in that the small, sharp, clad malleable metal of the present invention may be driven or compressed into the small grooves of the annular compressing flanges employed in high-temperature gas-tight seals.
It is also a feature of the present invention that a ring of a C-shaped cross section be employed in lieu of the conventional metal O-ring of the prior art in that the C-shaped section of the ring of the present invention does not take a figure-eight deflection that the O-fing of the priorart does. Thus, the compression load may be pro? vided directly on the small sharp edge of the malleable clad metal of the present invention.
A method of fabricating a clad metal seal having a clad sealing malleable metal rib thereon of an extremely small width and an extremely sharp edge will be described. This method includes the step of removing spaced portions of a softer metal ,clad onto a harder metal to leave a rib of the softer metal on the harder metal between the said portions of the softer metal. It is also an outstanding feature that this step may be performed in a manner such that the rib is left with a relatively sharp edge. The softer metal may be removed by machining. This is not possible with electroplated malleable metal because the same flakes off of the harder metal onto which the same is plated. It was, in fact, an outstanding discovery of the present invention that clad metal might be so machined.
The above described and other advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings. 7
In the drawings which are to be regarded as merely illustrative:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a ring seal made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the ring taken on the line 2-2 shown in FIG. 1; and 7 FIG. 3 is a broken away side elevational view of the portion of the ring shown in FIG. 2.
In the drawing inFIG. 1, a ring 10 is shown which may be constructed in accordance with the present invention. The detail of the structure of ring 10 is better illustrated in FIG. 2. It will be noted that a hard metal tube 11 is provided which is clad at 12, 13 and 14 with a softer metal. Opposite sides of ring 10 at 15 and 16 are machined flat and the softer metal on the exterior of tube ring 10.
respectively, which are provided with sharp edges at 19 and 20 respectively. Tube 11 is provided with an annular slot extending through the internal surface thereof around the complete interior of ring 10.
Ring is made as follows. The metal of tube 11 is made in sheet stock and this sheet stock is clad with the sheet stock out of which soft metal at 12, 13 and 14 is made. The same is true of the soft metal at ribs 17 and 18. The hard metal of tube 11 may be stainless steel. This metal may have a relatively high resilience. The metal at 12, 13, 14, 17 and 18 may be copper.
The copper clad stainless steel sheet is then formed into a copper clad tube 11 with the copper on the external 7 surface of the stainless steel. The seam of the tube may be at the inner portion of ring 10 and need not be welded together in that the seam is eventually slotted at 21 anyway. The slot 21 may be machined in tube 11. The ends of the tubing 11 may be butt welded together and the weld ground flush with the external surface of the If desired, the slot 21 may be milled after the ring 10 has been formed by butt Welding and grinding the weld. Opposite sides of ring 10 are then machined flat as at 15 and 16 leavingcopper ribs 17 and 18 having relatively sharp edges at 19 and 20 respectively.
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that by cladding tube 11 instead of electroplating the same, it is possible to select a material for tube 11 for maximum strength, chemical resistance and/ or temperature resistance suitable to the specific application. Still further, the soft metal at 12, 13, 14, 17 and 18 may be chosen for maximum malleability, ductility, chemical resistance and/or temperature resistance suitable to the specific application. Note will be taken that the present invention therefore is substantially improved over that of the prior art in that the prior art hard and soft metals of the metal seals thereof have, in the past, had to be selected on the basis of their suitable electroplating property. The seal of the .present invention also is substantially improved over that of the prior art. That is, edges 19 and 20 of ribs 17 and 18 can be made extremely sharp. This is true notwithstanding the fact that, as stated previously, it was impossible to produce such sharp edges with prior art electroplated soft metals in that such metals flake off of .be required with metal O-ring seals of the prior art.
Although only one specific embodiment of the present invention has been described and illustrated herein, many changes and modifications will of course suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. This single embodiment has been selected for this disclosure for the purpose of illustration only. The present invention should thereforenot be limited to the embodiment so selected, the true scope of the invention being defined only in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A seal comprising: an approximately toroidal shaped hollow body made of a spring material, said body having an annular slot therein internally thereof; and a circular rib on each of the opposite sides of said body clad thereto, said ribs being made of a relatively malleable material.
2. The invention as defined in claim 1, wherein said ribs have relatively sharp axial edges.
3. A seal comprising: a tube-like body made of a spring metal and having a shape similar to that of a torus; and an axially extending annular rib clad uponv opposite sides of said body, said ribs being made of a metal more malleable than that of said body. I
4. The invention as defined in claim 3, wherein said ribs have relatively sharp axial edges.
5. A seal comprising: a hollow tube-like body made of a spring metal and having a shape similar to that of a torus; and an axially extending annular rib clad to one side of said body, said rib being made of a metal more malleable than that of said body.
6. A seal comprising: a metal ring; and an annular rib clad to said ring, said rib being made of a metal more malleable than that of said ring.
7. A seal comprising: a hollow tube-like body made of a spring metal and having a shape similar to that of a torus, said body having an annular slot therein internally thereof; and an axially extending annular rib clad to one side of said body, said rib being made of a metal more malleable than that of said body.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 221,202 11/79 Willard 277-205 1,478,108 12/23 Dieter 277-235 1,583,931 5/26 Joyce 277-235 X 2,476,151 7/49 Leleune 29-529 2,589,107 3/52 Marien 277-235 2,761,828 9/56 Eldrodge et al 29-529 XR 2,884,693 5/59 Wagner 29-529 2,905,512 9/59 Anderson 277-235 2,938,758 5/ Phillips 277-235 2,985,566 5/61 Tsien et al 29-529 XR 3,033,582 5/62 Creavey 277-207 3,104,884 9/ 63 Kerlin 277-235 X EDWARD V. BENHAM, Primary Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A SEAL COMPRISING: AN APPROXIMATELY TOROIDAL SHAPED HOLLOW BODY MADE OF A SPRING MATERIAL, SAID BODY HAVING AN ANNULAR SLOT THEREIN INTERNALLY THEREOF; AND A CIRCULAR RIB ON EACH OF THE OPPOSITE SIDES OF SAID BODY CLAD THERETO, SAID RIBS BEING MADE OF A RELATIVELY MALLEABLE MATERIAL.
US258262A 1963-02-13 1963-02-13 Seal provided with ribs Expired - Lifetime US3188100A (en)

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US365552A US3325892A (en) 1963-02-13 1964-04-20 Method of making toroidal seals

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3313553A (en) * 1964-04-17 1967-04-11 United Aircraft Prod Sealing ring
JPS48100553A (en) * 1972-04-07 1973-12-19
US3909019A (en) * 1972-06-14 1975-09-30 Toma D Leko Gaskets
FR2557662A1 (en) * 1983-12-29 1985-07-05 Commissariat Energie Atomique FLEXIBLE METAL SEAL COMPRISING CONSUMABLE HIGHLIGHTS
WO1989000653A1 (en) * 1987-07-09 1989-01-26 Solar Turbines Incorporated High temperature metallic gasket
US4836559A (en) * 1987-12-30 1989-06-06 Sundstrand Corporation Seal assembly with meltable metal binder layer
US5022663A (en) * 1988-09-08 1991-06-11 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Metal gasket or joint provided with an extremely high unit-area pressure
US6022237A (en) * 1997-02-26 2000-02-08 John O. Esh Water-resistant electrical connector
WO2000057089A1 (en) * 1999-03-22 2000-09-28 The Advanced Products Company Vacuum seal
US6357759B1 (en) * 1999-02-15 2002-03-19 Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd. Jacket seal
FR2823824A1 (en) 2001-04-23 2002-10-25 Commissariat Energie Atomique Elastic metal gasket for sealing flanges, has projections slightly offset on same side with respect to centerline when idle, such that they come closer to centerline under effect of preload
US6688608B2 (en) * 2000-05-19 2004-02-10 Michael Doyle Ring seal
US6945539B2 (en) 2002-02-20 2005-09-20 Garlock Sealing Technologies Llc Seal retainer
US20080309028A1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-18 Tohoku University Low-Compression Force Metal Gaskets

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US221202A (en) * 1879-11-04 Improvement in packings for pistons, plungers
US1478108A (en) * 1919-10-20 1923-12-18 Vittlea Dev Corp Packing gasket
US1583931A (en) * 1924-04-26 1926-05-11 Bryan P Joyce Packing ring
US2476151A (en) * 1943-06-16 1949-07-12 Goodrich Co B F Method of making brake drums
US2589107A (en) * 1950-06-19 1952-03-11 Ramsey Corp Piston packing ring
US2761828A (en) * 1954-08-16 1956-09-04 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Method of forming internally flanged structures
US2884693A (en) * 1955-02-16 1959-05-05 Textron American Inc Method of making disc type brake drums
US2905512A (en) * 1958-04-24 1959-09-22 Ramsey Corp Coated piston ring
US2938758A (en) * 1957-11-21 1960-05-31 Hastings Mfg Co Piston ring assembly for internal combustion engines
US2985566A (en) * 1957-04-05 1961-05-23 Pneumo Dynamics Corp Metering valve and method of making same
US3033582A (en) * 1959-09-09 1962-05-08 William G Creavey Pressure actuated seal
US3104884A (en) * 1963-09-24 Multiple land seal

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US221202A (en) * 1879-11-04 Improvement in packings for pistons, plungers
US3104884A (en) * 1963-09-24 Multiple land seal
US1478108A (en) * 1919-10-20 1923-12-18 Vittlea Dev Corp Packing gasket
US1583931A (en) * 1924-04-26 1926-05-11 Bryan P Joyce Packing ring
US2476151A (en) * 1943-06-16 1949-07-12 Goodrich Co B F Method of making brake drums
US2589107A (en) * 1950-06-19 1952-03-11 Ramsey Corp Piston packing ring
US2761828A (en) * 1954-08-16 1956-09-04 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Method of forming internally flanged structures
US2884693A (en) * 1955-02-16 1959-05-05 Textron American Inc Method of making disc type brake drums
US2985566A (en) * 1957-04-05 1961-05-23 Pneumo Dynamics Corp Metering valve and method of making same
US2938758A (en) * 1957-11-21 1960-05-31 Hastings Mfg Co Piston ring assembly for internal combustion engines
US2905512A (en) * 1958-04-24 1959-09-22 Ramsey Corp Coated piston ring
US3033582A (en) * 1959-09-09 1962-05-08 William G Creavey Pressure actuated seal

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3313553A (en) * 1964-04-17 1967-04-11 United Aircraft Prod Sealing ring
JPS48100553A (en) * 1972-04-07 1973-12-19
JPS5545789B2 (en) * 1972-04-07 1980-11-19
US3909019A (en) * 1972-06-14 1975-09-30 Toma D Leko Gaskets
FR2557662A1 (en) * 1983-12-29 1985-07-05 Commissariat Energie Atomique FLEXIBLE METAL SEAL COMPRISING CONSUMABLE HIGHLIGHTS
EP0148088A2 (en) * 1983-12-29 1985-07-10 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Flexible metallic gasket comprising vanishing protuberances
EP0148088A3 (en) * 1983-12-29 1985-08-21 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Etablissement De Caractere Scientifique Technique Et Industriel Flexible metallic gasket comprising vanishing protuberances
US4561662A (en) * 1983-12-29 1985-12-31 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Flexible metal sealing joint incorporating expendable projecting portions
GB2217400A (en) * 1987-07-09 1989-10-25 Solar Turbines Inc High temperature metallic gasket
WO1989000653A1 (en) * 1987-07-09 1989-01-26 Solar Turbines Incorporated High temperature metallic gasket
US4878678A (en) * 1987-07-09 1989-11-07 Solar Turbines Incorporated High temperature metallic gasket
GB2217400B (en) * 1987-07-09 1991-09-04 Solar Turbines Inc High temperature metallic gasket
US4836559A (en) * 1987-12-30 1989-06-06 Sundstrand Corporation Seal assembly with meltable metal binder layer
US5022663A (en) * 1988-09-08 1991-06-11 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Metal gasket or joint provided with an extremely high unit-area pressure
US6022237A (en) * 1997-02-26 2000-02-08 John O. Esh Water-resistant electrical connector
US6357759B1 (en) * 1999-02-15 2002-03-19 Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd. Jacket seal
WO2000057089A1 (en) * 1999-03-22 2000-09-28 The Advanced Products Company Vacuum seal
US6688608B2 (en) * 2000-05-19 2004-02-10 Michael Doyle Ring seal
CN100402898C (en) * 2000-05-19 2008-07-16 迈克尔·多伊尔 Improved ring seal
FR2823824A1 (en) 2001-04-23 2002-10-25 Commissariat Energie Atomique Elastic metal gasket for sealing flanges, has projections slightly offset on same side with respect to centerline when idle, such that they come closer to centerline under effect of preload
US6945539B2 (en) 2002-02-20 2005-09-20 Garlock Sealing Technologies Llc Seal retainer
US20080309028A1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-18 Tohoku University Low-Compression Force Metal Gaskets
US8146924B2 (en) * 2007-06-15 2012-04-03 Tohoku University Low-compression force metal gaskets

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