US3183427A - Field regulator for dynamoelectric machine - Google Patents

Field regulator for dynamoelectric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3183427A
US3183427A US92527A US9252761A US3183427A US 3183427 A US3183427 A US 3183427A US 92527 A US92527 A US 92527A US 9252761 A US9252761 A US 9252761A US 3183427 A US3183427 A US 3183427A
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United States
Prior art keywords
field
motor
current
voltage
speed
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US92527A
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English (en)
Inventor
David M Hawkins
Thomas J Dolphin
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Priority to US92527A priority Critical patent/US3183427A/en
Priority to DE19621438239 priority patent/DE1438239A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/282—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling field supply only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/282—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling field supply only
    • H02P7/2825—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling field supply only whereby the speed is regulated by measuring the motor speed and comparing it with a given physical value

Definitions

  • this invention relates to a motor speed regulator and, more particularly, to a motor speed regulator utilizing field flux control.
  • This invention utilizes the regulation of motor field flux rather than motor field current. This type of regulation inherently increases the gain of the motor field regulator.
  • Another object is to provide a better and more simple motor speed regulator utilizing field fiux control.
  • Another object is to provide a better and more simple motor speed regulator utilizing a system whose gain is inherently very high.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a better motor speed regulator which utilizes a single control for the full speed range.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a better and more simple motor speed regulator which transforms the current in a separately excited field winding to a field flux signal so as to control the motor.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic showing of a function generator such as the one utilized in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a base speed saturation curve which could be obtained with the function generator shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic showing of a motor speed regulator utilizing the present invention.
  • the open circuit characteristic magnetization curve or base speed saturation curve of a motor An example of this curve is shown in FIG. 2. Basically this characteristic is the magnetization curve for the particular iron and air geometry of the machine under consideration. The straight line tangent to the lower portion of the curve is the air gap line indicating very closely the M.M.F. required to overcome the reluctance of the air gap. If it were not for the effects of saturation, the air gap line and open circuit characteristic would coincide, so that the departure from the air gap line is an indication of the degree of saturation present.
  • the open circuit characteristic may be calculated from the design data of the motor by magnetic circuit methods often guided by flux mapping.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a static function generator which can produce a curve similar to the one shown in FIG. 2.
  • This circuit includes a series of resistances R5, R5, R7 and R8 in series with a regulator winding W1 and its associated resistance R4. These components are supplied power from an input signal E
  • a Zener diode Z1 in series with a resistance R1 is placed in parallel with a portion of the resistance R7, resistance R6, resistance R5, resistance R4 and the regulator winding W1.
  • a second Zener diode Z2 and its associated resistance R2 is placed in parallel with a portion of the resistance R6, resistance R5, resistance R4 and regulator winding W1.
  • a third Zener diode Z3 and its associated resistance R3 is placed in parallel with a portion of resistance R5, resistance R4 and regulator winding Wl.
  • this circuit is as follows: a voltage E is supplied acrossthe input terminal, the current I is proportional to this voltage until the voltage necessary to break down the first Zener diode Z1 is reached. At this voltage, Zener diode Zli breaks down to permit current to flow through resistance R1. This action causes current in the regulator winding not to be proportional to the voltage E As the voltage E is increased, the current through R1 is directly proportional to the voltage above the breakdown voltage of Zener diode Z1. When the voltage E reaches the value which will break down the Zener diode Z2, current starts to flow through resistance R2. The same occurs through resistance R3 after the voltage necessary to break down Zener diode Z3 is reached. As each diode breaks down to pass current, the resulting current I attains the characteristic shown in FIG. 2. The shape of this curve can be made directly proportional to the saturation curve of the motor.
  • the circuit connecting the input (E to the winding W1 has connected thereacross a plurality of voltage breakdown branches each including in series a threshold voltage device and a resistor, and that the threshold voltage response (voltage breakdown) of each branch occurs at a different value of the input voltage E
  • the static function generator shown in PEG. 1 is used in the feedback network of a motor field regulator.
  • the voltage E is proportional to the motor field current.
  • the regulator input is proportional to rnOtOr field flux which in turn is inversely proportional to motor speed. If the function generator were not used, the feedback signal would be proportional to current which is not proportional to flux due to saturation of the machine.
  • the function generator causes the motor field current to rise thus making the field signal proportional to flux.
  • a flux regulated motor field regulator inherently enables the gain of the regulator to be increased while at the same time maintaining high stability.
  • FIG. 3 shows the regulator of the present invention used to control a separately excited DC. motor. It can readily be seen by one skilled in the art that the regulator of the present invention may be utilized to control other types of motors such as compound DC. motors and is not limited to one particular type of speed control.
  • the DC. motor M shown in FIG. 3 has a separately excited main field winding MF which is supplied power by a motor field regulator MR.
  • Thismotor field regulator may be a three-phase magnetic amplifier which is controlled by a small magnetic amplifier preamplifier.
  • the system is not limited to the above mentioned components but may employ exciters, regulator generators, or other types of regulators.
  • the basic component of the system shown is the static function generator composed of resistances R1 through R8 and Zener diodes Z1,
  • the input to the static function generator is obtained from the voltage generated across a resistor R9, in series with the motor field MP, due to the current in that field.
  • the output of the static function generator feeds the flux winding Wll which controls the motor field regulator MR.
  • a second winding W2 is utilized to provide a reference or pattern signal for the motor field regulator MR.
  • the amount of current which fiows through this reference or pattern winding W2 is controlled by means of a series variable resistor Rltl. Both the resistor Rltl and the winding W2 are supplied power by a source of DC. voltage E.
  • the reference field input utilizes the rheostat ltl which i set by an operator for a desired speed.
  • the voltage E,- applied across the reference winding is inversely proportional to the resistance inserted by the rheostat R10.
  • the flux is inversely proportional to the speed for any ideal motor. Since the prim? desire on a motor field regulator is to 4. obtain speeds directly proportional to rheostat positions field flux is the desired component to regulate. The voltage applied across the pattern field is proportional to flux just as the rheostat resistance inserted is proportional to speed.
  • the voltage across the motor field MF series resistor R9 (which is proportional to motor field current) is applied to the static function generator which in turn provides a signal to the winding W1 which follows a characteristic proportional to the base speed saturation curve of the motor, or motor field flux vs. motor field current. This is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the motor flux is directly proportional to motor current. This, of course, assumes a constant counter E.M.F. As the motor speed decreases below full speed, the machine commences to saturate thereby requiring more field current to obtain equal speed increments.
  • the pattern winding excitation will force the motor field current to any necessary value required until the negative flux winding W1 excitation matches that of the pattern. Since the static function generator matches the motor saturation curve, its output is proportional to motor effective flux, and is obtained by a non-linear motor field current input.
  • the slope ratio or the gain of the function generator is an inherent part of the feedback loop. At weak field, this factor is one (1) since the flux is directly proportional to motor field current. At full field, this factor is less than one and is the same as the inverse of the motor base speed saturation curve slope ratio. This inherent gain change permits a much higher gain tobe realized at both base and full speeds of the motor. This increase in gain affords a faster and more accurate regulation of motor speed while at the same time maintains high stability.
  • each of said branches includes in series a threshold device and resistance means.
  • each of said branches includes a threshold device, and at least one of said branches includes series resistance means.
  • apparatus for regulating a condition of a dynamoclectric machine having electromagnetic field mean-s including field winding means, said field means being subject to magnetic saturation and having a field flux vs. field current characteristic at least a portion of which is nonlinear, sign-al responsive control means for controlling the supply of power to said field winding means, means for supplying a reference signal A to said control means, and fifth means responsive to the current in said field winding means for producing and supplying to said control means a signal B which is proportional to said field characteristic including said non-linear portion, said signals A and B having opposite control effects on said control means, said fifth means comprising sixth means for producing .a voltage proportional to the current in said field means, a pair of lines connecting said sixth means to said control means, and a plurality of branches connected across said lines, each of said branches including in series :a resistor and a voltage threshold device, each of said branches having a threshold voltage response occurring in response to a different value of said voltage produced by said sixth means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
US92527A 1961-03-01 1961-03-01 Field regulator for dynamoelectric machine Expired - Lifetime US3183427A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US92527A US3183427A (en) 1961-03-01 1961-03-01 Field regulator for dynamoelectric machine
DE19621438239 DE1438239A1 (de) 1961-03-01 1962-02-27 Anordnung zur Drehzahlregelung eines Elektromotors

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US92527A US3183427A (en) 1961-03-01 1961-03-01 Field regulator for dynamoelectric machine

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US3183427A true US3183427A (en) 1965-05-11

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DE (1) DE1438239A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3299338A (en) * 1963-03-30 1967-01-17 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Starting device for direct current motors
US3448357A (en) * 1966-08-10 1969-06-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp Tension control system for a reel drive
US3493776A (en) * 1966-07-14 1970-02-03 Gen Electric Dc shunt starter generator
EP0067891A1 (de) * 1981-06-05 1982-12-29 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Drehzahlkonstantregeleinrichtung eines Gleichstromnebenschlussmotors bei Netzspannungsschwankungen
US6580874B1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2003-06-17 Honda Giken Kabushiki Kaisha Field current control method in motor

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2534207A (en) * 1948-10-08 1950-12-12 Jay W Picking Voltage splitting circuit
US2882477A (en) * 1957-02-05 1959-04-14 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Field current regulator with linear speed setting relationship
US2929975A (en) * 1959-05-06 1960-03-22 Allis Louis Co D. c. adjustable speed drive
US2930960A (en) * 1957-12-23 1960-03-29 Gen Electric Field current regulating system
US3007099A (en) * 1959-04-06 1961-10-31 Cutler Hammer Inc Motor control systems
US3022453A (en) * 1959-03-30 1962-02-20 Allis Louis Co Direct current speed drive system
US3026464A (en) * 1959-04-06 1962-03-20 Cutler Hammer Inc Motor control systems
US3047729A (en) * 1959-04-06 1962-07-31 Cutler Hammer Inc Voltage control system
US3054937A (en) * 1959-12-01 1962-09-18 Gen Electric Dual range motor speed control system
US3082364A (en) * 1960-07-25 1963-03-19 Cutler Hammer Inc Alternating current motor control and speed regulating systems

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2534207A (en) * 1948-10-08 1950-12-12 Jay W Picking Voltage splitting circuit
US2882477A (en) * 1957-02-05 1959-04-14 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Field current regulator with linear speed setting relationship
US2930960A (en) * 1957-12-23 1960-03-29 Gen Electric Field current regulating system
US3022453A (en) * 1959-03-30 1962-02-20 Allis Louis Co Direct current speed drive system
US3007099A (en) * 1959-04-06 1961-10-31 Cutler Hammer Inc Motor control systems
US3026464A (en) * 1959-04-06 1962-03-20 Cutler Hammer Inc Motor control systems
US3047729A (en) * 1959-04-06 1962-07-31 Cutler Hammer Inc Voltage control system
US2929975A (en) * 1959-05-06 1960-03-22 Allis Louis Co D. c. adjustable speed drive
US3054937A (en) * 1959-12-01 1962-09-18 Gen Electric Dual range motor speed control system
US3082364A (en) * 1960-07-25 1963-03-19 Cutler Hammer Inc Alternating current motor control and speed regulating systems

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3299338A (en) * 1963-03-30 1967-01-17 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Starting device for direct current motors
US3493776A (en) * 1966-07-14 1970-02-03 Gen Electric Dc shunt starter generator
US3448357A (en) * 1966-08-10 1969-06-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp Tension control system for a reel drive
EP0067891A1 (de) * 1981-06-05 1982-12-29 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Drehzahlkonstantregeleinrichtung eines Gleichstromnebenschlussmotors bei Netzspannungsschwankungen
US6580874B1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2003-06-17 Honda Giken Kabushiki Kaisha Field current control method in motor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1438239A1 (de) 1968-12-19
DE1438239B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-06-25

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