US3180919A - Transistorized percussion circuit for electrical musical instrument - Google Patents

Transistorized percussion circuit for electrical musical instrument Download PDF

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US3180919A
US3180919A US185072A US18507262A US3180919A US 3180919 A US3180919 A US 3180919A US 185072 A US185072 A US 185072A US 18507262 A US18507262 A US 18507262A US 3180919 A US3180919 A US 3180919A
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circuit
transistor
emitter
base
negative battery
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US185072A
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Stiefel Paul
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Hammond Organ Co
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Hammond Organ Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/04—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation
    • G10H1/053—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only
    • G10H1/057—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by envelope-forming circuits

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to percussion circuits for electrical musical instruments and more particularly to a transistor circuit for both keying and amplifying an electrically generated tone signal in a percussive manner.
  • circuit components sometimes involved in the production of these effects have certain disadvantages, and in order to eliminate certain of these disadvantages, it is desirable to utilize solid state devices such as transistors. In order to do this it is necessary to key the transistor for permitting the tone signal to be initially amplified and to cut it off on decay. Heretofore, however, it has been a problem to drive the transistor into cutoff without the use of special switches and power supplies which are disadvantageous in an organ.
  • the transistor percussion circuit is indicated by the reference character 10.
  • the circuit comprises an NPN transistor 12 having a base circuit 14, an emitter circuit 16 and a collector circuit 18.
  • the base circuit 14 is connected through a capacitor C1 to a signal source indicated by the terminals 22 whereby a tone signal may be introduced into the base circuit.
  • a 6 volt battery 24 Also connected to the base circuit is a 6 volt battery 24 through a series connected chain of resistors R1, R2, and R3. Resistors R1 and R2 may for example be 4700 ohms and resistor R3 may be 6000 ohms.
  • a switch S1 connects the junction of resistors R2 and R3 to either of two capacitors C2 and C3. These capacitors are of different values and are selectively connected to the junction of resistors R2 and R3 for the purpose of providing either a soft or normal percussion decay pattern respectively.
  • a percussion switch S2 is adapted to connect ground to the junction of resistors R1 and R2 for the purpose of turning the percussion circuit on.
  • the emitter circuit 16 is connected to ground through a low value resistor R4 of for example 22 ohms and is also connected to a -12 volt battery source 26 through a variable high ohmage resistor R5 of for example 850 ohms.
  • the collector circuit 18 is connected to the source 26 negative than the emitter.
  • one of the capacitors C2 or C3 is connected to source 24, depending on the position of switch S1.
  • the connected capacitor is therefore charged to 6 volts through the resistors R1 and R2 so that the transistor is prepared to pass an input signal appearing at the terminals 22.
  • the emitter circuit 16 is also at a negative value between l2 volts and ground, but with the transistor conducting, the resistor R5 is partially shunted and the base circuit 14 is more negative than the emitter circuit 16.
  • the transistor 12 therefore amplifies the incoming signal at terminals 22 in a normal manner for application to the output terminals 28.
  • the switch S1 When it is desired to play percussively, the switch S1 is operated to connect the junctions of resistors R1 and R2 to ground.
  • the capacitor C2 or C3 depending on which is connected through switch S1 begins to discharge to ground potential.
  • the incoming signal is therefore amplified and decays at a rate to provide the effect of a percussive signal at the output terminals 28.
  • the current through the emitter collector circuit falls accordingly at a rate determined by the time consants of the discharge circuit for capacitor C1 or C2.
  • the emitter circuit 16 eventually reaches a more negative value than the base which is approaching ground. At that time the transistor is cut off and provides no output. The time period in which this occurs is determined by which of the capacitors C2 or C3 is connected to the base to thereby provide either a slow or fast percussive effect.
  • a transistor circuit for use in an organ to provide a percussive effect to a tone signal comprising, a transistor having base, emitter and collector electrodes, a low ohmage resistor connecting said emitter electrode to ground, a comparatively high ohmage resistor connecting said emitter to a source of negative battery, a resistor of intermediate value connecting said collector circuit to said negative battery, an output circuit connected between said intermediate value resistor and said collector circuit, a signal input circuit connected to said base circuit, a plurality of resistors connected in series between said base circuit and a second source of negative battery intermediate ground and said first negative battery, a plurality of capacitors selectively interconnected with the junction of a pair of said serially connected resistors, and a percussion key having normally open contacts and operable for connecting the junction between another pair of said serially connected resistors to ground for the purpose of discharging the selected capacitors and biasing said transistor to cut off.
  • a transistor circuit for use in an organ to provide a percussive effect to a tone signal the improvement comprising, a transistor having base, emitter and collector electrodes, a low ohmage resistor connecting said emitter to ground, a comparatively high ohmage resistor connecting said emitter to a source of negative battery, a resistor of intermediate value connecting said collector to said negative battery, an output circuit connected between said intermediate value resistor and said collector, a signal input circuit connected to said base, a plurality of resistors connected in series between said base and a second source of negative battery intermediate ground and said first negative battery, a capacitor interconnected With'the junction of a pair of said serially connected resistors, and a percussion key having normally open contacts and operable for connecting the junction between another pair of said serially connected resistors to ground for the purpose of discharging said capacitor and biasing said transistor to cut off.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)

Description

April 27, 1965 P STIEFEL 3,180,919
TRANSISTORIZED PERCUSSION CIRCUIT FOR ELECTRICAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT Filed April 4, 1962 C4 6'! SIGN/u 12 SIGN/4L nv W Z6 our INVENTOR: M 9
W W/ Z United States Patent "ce 3,180,919 TRANSISTORIZED PERCUSSIGN CIRCUIT FCR ELECTRICAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT Paul Stiefel, Slrokie, Ill., assignor to Hammond Organ Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Delaware Filed Apr. 4, 1962, Ser. No. 185,072 2 Claims. (Cl. 84--1.26)
This invention relates in general to percussion circuits for electrical musical instruments and more particularly to a transistor circuit for both keying and amplifying an electrically generated tone signal in a percussive manner.
In order to enhance the variety of tonal eifects which can be secured from electrical musical instruments, such as an organ, it is desirable to provide such instruments with percussive effects. This gives the instrument a greater variety of expression and the instrument may then simulate tones produced by, for example, a piano. While there are numerous and many approaches to the problem of securing such percussive elfects, in the main this is done by a circuit arrangement which first amplifies the tone signal and then causes it to decay automatically so that it is not thereafter heard.
The circuit components sometimes involved in the production of these effects have certain disadvantages, and in order to eliminate certain of these disadvantages, it is desirable to utilize solid state devices such as transistors. In order to do this it is necessary to key the transistor for permitting the tone signal to be initially amplified and to cut it off on decay. Heretofore, however, it has been a problem to drive the transistor into cutoff without the use of special switches and power supplies which are disadvantageous in an organ.
It is therefore a primary object of this invention to provide an improved percussion circuit for use in an electrical musical instrument.
It is another object of this invention to provide a novel transistorized percussion circuit for use in an organ and which is controlled to provide a percussion tone on the closure of normally open contacts.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an improved arrangement for controlling a transistor to automatically cut off after an initial amplification period whereby it may be used for securing percussive effects in an electrical musical instrument.
Other objects of the invention will become apparent on examination of the following specification, claims and the drawing.
In the drawing, the transistor percussion circuit is indicated by the reference character 10. The circuit comprises an NPN transistor 12 having a base circuit 14, an emitter circuit 16 and a collector circuit 18.
The base circuit 14 is connected through a capacitor C1 to a signal source indicated by the terminals 22 whereby a tone signal may be introduced into the base circuit. Also connected to the base circuit is a 6 volt battery 24 through a series connected chain of resistors R1, R2, and R3. Resistors R1 and R2 may for example be 4700 ohms and resistor R3 may be 6000 ohms. A switch S1 connects the junction of resistors R2 and R3 to either of two capacitors C2 and C3. These capacitors are of different values and are selectively connected to the junction of resistors R2 and R3 for the purpose of providing either a soft or normal percussion decay pattern respectively. A percussion switch S2 is adapted to connect ground to the junction of resistors R1 and R2 for the purpose of turning the percussion circuit on.
The emitter circuit 16 is connected to ground through a low value resistor R4 of for example 22 ohms and is also connected to a -12 volt battery source 26 through a variable high ohmage resistor R5 of for example 850 ohms. The collector circuit 18 is connected to the source 26 negative than the emitter.
3,180,919 Patented Apr. 27, less through a resistor R6 having approximately one-half the resistance value of resistor R5 and is also connected to an output circuit through a capacitor C4 and terminals 28.
Normally, therefore, one of the capacitors C2 or C3 is connected to source 24, depending on the position of switch S1. The connected capacitor is therefore charged to 6 volts through the resistors R1 and R2 so that the transistor is prepared to pass an input signal appearing at the terminals 22. The emitter circuit 16 is also at a negative value between l2 volts and ground, but with the transistor conducting, the resistor R5 is partially shunted and the base circuit 14 is more negative than the emitter circuit 16. The transistor 12 therefore amplifies the incoming signal at terminals 22 in a normal manner for application to the output terminals 28.
When it is desired to play percussively, the switch S1 is operated to connect the junctions of resistors R1 and R2 to ground. The capacitor C2 or C3 depending on which is connected through switch S1 begins to discharge to ground potential. The incoming signal is therefore amplified and decays at a rate to provide the effect of a percussive signal at the output terminals 28.
As the base circuit 14 of the transistor swings more positive due to the discharge of the capacitor C2 or C3, the current through the emitter collector circuit falls accordingly at a rate determined by the time consants of the discharge circuit for capacitor C1 or C2. With the shunting eifect of the transistor on resistor R5 reduced, the emitter circuit 16 eventually reaches a more negative value than the base which is approaching ground. At that time the transistor is cut off and provides no output. The time period in which this occurs is determined by which of the capacitors C2 or C3 is connected to the base to thereby provide either a slow or fast percussive effect.
When the switch S2 is released, the capacitor C2 or C3 again charges in a negative direction towards 6 volts and therefore the base circuit 14 becomes more The transistor now amplifies the incoming tone signal as before described.
Thus, having described my invention but appreciating that it is capable of a wide variety of modifications and embodiments, such as use with PNP transistors, there is appended hereto a series of claims which are believed to incorporate the inventive concept.
I claim:
1. A transistor circuit for use in an organ to provide a percussive effect to a tone signal the improvement comprising, a transistor having base, emitter and collector electrodes, a low ohmage resistor connecting said emitter electrode to ground, a comparatively high ohmage resistor connecting said emitter to a source of negative battery, a resistor of intermediate value connecting said collector circuit to said negative battery, an output circuit connected between said intermediate value resistor and said collector circuit, a signal input circuit connected to said base circuit, a plurality of resistors connected in series between said base circuit and a second source of negative battery intermediate ground and said first negative battery, a plurality of capacitors selectively interconnected with the junction of a pair of said serially connected resistors, and a percussion key having normally open contacts and operable for connecting the junction between another pair of said serially connected resistors to ground for the purpose of discharging the selected capacitors and biasing said transistor to cut off.
2. A transistor circuit for use in an organ to provide a percussive effect to a tone signal the improvement comprising, a transistor having base, emitter and collector electrodes, a low ohmage resistor connecting said emitter to ground, a comparatively high ohmage resistor connecting said emitter to a source of negative battery, a resistor of intermediate value connecting said collector to said negative battery, an output circuit connected between said intermediate value resistor and said collector, a signal input circuit connected to said base, a plurality of resistors connected in series between said base and a second source of negative battery intermediate ground and said first negative battery, a capacitor interconnected With'the junction of a pair of said serially connected resistors, and a percussion key having normally open contacts and operable for connecting the junction between another pair of said serially connected resistors to ground for the purpose of discharging said capacitor and biasing said transistor to cut off. i r
4 r References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,793,554 5/57 'Faust, 841.26 2,835,829 5/58 Sourgens et al 307-885 2,927,684 2/61 Elliot et al.. 307--88.5 3,112,353 11/63 Campbell 84--1.26
FOREIGN PATENTS 1,023,957 5/58 Germany.
ARTHUR GAUSS, Primary Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A TRANSISTOR CIRCUIT FOR USE IN AN ORGAN TO PROVIDE A PERCUSSIVE EFFECT TO A TONE SIGNAL THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING, A TRANSISTOR HAVING BASE, EMITTER AND COLLECTOR ELECTRODES, A LOW OHMAGE RESISTOR CONNECTING SAID EMITTER ELECTRODE TO GROUND, A COMPARATIVELY HIGH OHMAGE RESISTOR CONNECTING SAID EMITTER TO A SOURCE OF NEGATIVE BATTERY, A REGISTOR OF INTERMEDIATE VALUE CONNECTING SAID COLLECTOR CIRCUIT TO SAID NEGATIVE BATTERY, AN OUTPUT CIRCUIT CONNECTED BETWEEN SAID INTERMEDIATE VALUE RESISTOR AND SAID COLLECTOR CIRCUIT, A SIGNAL INPUT CIRCUIT CONNECTED TO SAID BASE CIRCUIT, A PLURALITY OF RESISTORS CONNECTED IN SERIES BETWEEN SAID BASE CIRCUIT AND A SECOND SOURCE OF NEGATIVE BATTERY INTERMEDIATE GROUND AND SAID FIRST NEGATIVE BATTERY, A PLURALITY OF CAPACITORS SELECTIVELY INTERCONNECTED WITH THE JUNCTION OF A PAIR OF SAID SERIALLY CONNECTED RESISTORS,
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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3465087A (en) * 1965-04-28 1969-09-02 Warwick Electronics Inc Electric organ circuit
US3465088A (en) * 1966-05-31 1969-09-02 Hammond Corp Musical instrument percussive keyer with variable signal decay
US3493668A (en) * 1967-04-28 1970-02-03 Baldwin Co D H Electronic organ having upbeat percussion gate
US3557297A (en) * 1969-04-02 1971-01-19 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Attack and decay switching circuit for electronic musical instrument
US3562400A (en) * 1968-02-20 1971-02-09 G C Electronics Inc Percussion keyer with pedal sustain for electronic musical instrument
US3564107A (en) * 1970-02-16 1971-02-16 Chicago Musical Instr Co Keying drive circuits particularly for electronic musical instruments
US3571482A (en) * 1968-04-02 1971-03-16 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Attack and sustain switching circuit for an electronic musical instrument
US3617605A (en) * 1970-03-25 1971-11-02 Conn Ltd C G Percussion keyer circuit
US3627895A (en) * 1970-06-25 1971-12-14 Chicago Musical Instr Co Musical electronic instrument keying with direct current of plural musical effects
US3637915A (en) * 1969-04-14 1972-01-25 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Sustain keyer circuitry with sustain time control circuit in electronic musical instrument
US3652775A (en) * 1969-06-25 1972-03-28 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Percussion keyer for an electronic musical instrument
US3666875A (en) * 1969-07-11 1972-05-30 Mario Ranzato Electronically operated stringed instruments
US3715445A (en) * 1971-04-30 1973-02-06 Chicago Musical Instr Co Musical instrument having dc-keying circuit
US3930430A (en) * 1973-06-11 1976-01-06 D. H. Baldwin Company Photo-electric organ with chiff
US4200022A (en) * 1978-06-20 1980-04-29 The Wurlitzer Company Envelope control causing damper effect on percussive voices of electronic musical instrument
US4205582A (en) * 1979-02-22 1980-06-03 Kimball International, Inc. Percussion envelope generator
US4535669A (en) * 1982-07-13 1985-08-20 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Touch response apparatus for electronic musical apparatus

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2793554A (en) * 1955-07-18 1957-05-28 Faust Bernard Apparatus for use with tone producing devices
DE1023957B (en) * 1956-08-15 1958-02-06 Werk Fuer Fernmeldewesen Veb Circuit arrangement for canceling the pulse-like anode current surges that occur during brief equalization processes in electronic musical instruments with controlled equalization processes
US2835829A (en) * 1956-02-29 1958-05-20 Roger P Sourgens Circuit for switching high voltage using cascade connected low voltage transistors
US2927684A (en) * 1956-05-31 1960-03-08 James S Sudler Coin receptacle
US3112353A (en) * 1961-01-17 1963-11-26 Seeburg Corp Percussion circuit for electronic organs

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2793554A (en) * 1955-07-18 1957-05-28 Faust Bernard Apparatus for use with tone producing devices
US2835829A (en) * 1956-02-29 1958-05-20 Roger P Sourgens Circuit for switching high voltage using cascade connected low voltage transistors
US2927684A (en) * 1956-05-31 1960-03-08 James S Sudler Coin receptacle
DE1023957B (en) * 1956-08-15 1958-02-06 Werk Fuer Fernmeldewesen Veb Circuit arrangement for canceling the pulse-like anode current surges that occur during brief equalization processes in electronic musical instruments with controlled equalization processes
US3112353A (en) * 1961-01-17 1963-11-26 Seeburg Corp Percussion circuit for electronic organs

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3465087A (en) * 1965-04-28 1969-09-02 Warwick Electronics Inc Electric organ circuit
US3465088A (en) * 1966-05-31 1969-09-02 Hammond Corp Musical instrument percussive keyer with variable signal decay
US3493668A (en) * 1967-04-28 1970-02-03 Baldwin Co D H Electronic organ having upbeat percussion gate
US3562400A (en) * 1968-02-20 1971-02-09 G C Electronics Inc Percussion keyer with pedal sustain for electronic musical instrument
US3571482A (en) * 1968-04-02 1971-03-16 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Attack and sustain switching circuit for an electronic musical instrument
US3557297A (en) * 1969-04-02 1971-01-19 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Attack and decay switching circuit for electronic musical instrument
US3637915A (en) * 1969-04-14 1972-01-25 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Sustain keyer circuitry with sustain time control circuit in electronic musical instrument
US3652775A (en) * 1969-06-25 1972-03-28 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Percussion keyer for an electronic musical instrument
US3666875A (en) * 1969-07-11 1972-05-30 Mario Ranzato Electronically operated stringed instruments
US3564107A (en) * 1970-02-16 1971-02-16 Chicago Musical Instr Co Keying drive circuits particularly for electronic musical instruments
US3617605A (en) * 1970-03-25 1971-11-02 Conn Ltd C G Percussion keyer circuit
US3627895A (en) * 1970-06-25 1971-12-14 Chicago Musical Instr Co Musical electronic instrument keying with direct current of plural musical effects
US3715445A (en) * 1971-04-30 1973-02-06 Chicago Musical Instr Co Musical instrument having dc-keying circuit
US3930430A (en) * 1973-06-11 1976-01-06 D. H. Baldwin Company Photo-electric organ with chiff
US4200022A (en) * 1978-06-20 1980-04-29 The Wurlitzer Company Envelope control causing damper effect on percussive voices of electronic musical instrument
US4205582A (en) * 1979-02-22 1980-06-03 Kimball International, Inc. Percussion envelope generator
US4535669A (en) * 1982-07-13 1985-08-20 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Touch response apparatus for electronic musical apparatus
US4627325A (en) * 1982-07-13 1986-12-09 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Touch response apparatus for electronic musical apparatus

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