US318067A - Assig-nob to pittsbtjeg - Google Patents
Assig-nob to pittsbtjeg Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US318067A US318067A US318067DA US318067A US 318067 A US318067 A US 318067A US 318067D A US318067D A US 318067DA US 318067 A US318067 A US 318067A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- oxide
- iron
- silica
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 76
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 64
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009618 Bessemer process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000002908 manganese Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002925 chemical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000499 pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
Definitions
- NOEL B WITTMAN, or rirrsnuno, rnnxsxwnmanssroxon TO rrTTsBURe STEEL CASTING COMPANY, or SAME PLACE.
- the object of my invention is to facilitate the removal of the oxide of iron from the bath in the Bessemer converter, and to reduce the quantity of ferro-manganese heretofore necessarily added for that purpose, and to thereby I 5 render it possible to produce steel low in carbon, and free, when reduced to sheets or other forms, which are subsequently treated, from blisters and other like imperfections arising from gas being inclosed within the metal.
- the pig-iron which is usually employed in the Bessemer process contains about two to two and a quarter per cent. of silicon, which is oxidized by the blast and is converted into silica or silicic acid, which in turn unites with 2 5 any oxide of iron which may be present in the bath, forming therewith an acid cinder or slag but as the blow continues and oxidizes the iron, the oxide thus formed combines with the surplus silicic acid in the slag, and changes the character of the latter until it becomes comparatively highly basic.
- silicious materiaL-e. g., sand, ganister, or silicious clay containing a high percentage of free silicato combine with and remove all the oxide of iron which may A be formed during the conversion of the bath.
- the silica thus added will combine with the oxide of iron and form therewith an acid slag.
- silicious material is sufficient for a bath of ten thousand pounds (10,000 lbs.) of cast-iron, and this material may be added at any stage of the operation, but preferably during the latter part of the blow.
- This silicious material may either be charged into the converter through the mouth or it may be blown in by the blast.
- this silicious ma terial combines with and removes to a very great extent oxide that is formed, only sufficient quantity of ferro-manganese need be added, when the converter is turned down, to 7 produce the proper degree of carburization and to neutralize the sulphur.
- This saving of ferro-mangancse amounts in steels low in carbon to thirty-three (33) per cent. of the quantity usually employed in the Bessemer 8o process.
- Another important characteristic of this process is the great elimination of gas effected by the charge of silicious material. I have found that when the silicious material is added 8 5 that a great amount of gas is liberated and discharged from the converter while the metal is being poured into the ladle; but the metal remains perfectly quiet in the ladle and mold after pouring.
- silicious pig-metal consisting of silicon, man-ganese, iron, and carbon.
- the silicon in this material acts upon the carbonic oxide in the metal of the bath, thereby decomposing it with the liberation of carbon which unites with the iron to form steel, and the silicon is converted into silica by the oxygen taken from the carbonic oxide, and the silica in turn unites with any oxide of iron or manganese present to form a slag; but I am not aware that silica, either pure or combined with other materials, has ever been added to a bath of molten steel.
- the silica combines with the slag, changing it from a basic to an acid slag, thereby rendering the slag capable of combining with any oxide of iron, as such, which may be present.
- the silica will never attack the metal, but will combine only with the slag.
- silicate of alumina has been added to iron in the finery and puddling operations, and also-that a mixture of ground flint and charcoal have been blown into the bath in the Bessemer operation; but I am not aware that silica, either alone or mechanically combined with other materials having no chemical effect upon the metal of the bath, have ever been used in the Bessemer operations.
- the method of producing steel low in carbon which consists in adding silicious material containing a large proportion of free silica to the molten bath in about the proportions stated for the elimination of the oxide ofiron therefrom, and finally adding ferro-manganese to neutralize the sulphur and carburize the metal of the bath, substantially as set forth.
Description
UNiTED STATES PATENT. OFFICE.
NOEL B. WITTMAN, or rirrsnuno, rnnxsxwnmanssroxon TO rrTTsBURe STEEL CASTING COMPANY, or SAME PLACE.
PROCESS OF DEOXIDIZING MOLTEN' IRON-IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 318,067, dated May 19, 1885.
Application filed April 26, 1884.
T aZZ whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, N OEL B. WHITMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented or discovered a certain new and useful Improvement in Process of Deoxidizing Molten Iron in the Mannfacture of Steel, of which improvement the following is a specification.
IO The object of my invention is to facilitate the removal of the oxide of iron from the bath in the Bessemer converter, and to reduce the quantity of ferro-manganese heretofore necessarily added for that purpose, and to thereby I 5 render it possible to produce steel low in carbon, and free, when reduced to sheets or other forms, which are subsequently treated, from blisters and other like imperfections arising from gas being inclosed within the metal.
The pig-iron which is usually employed in the Bessemer process contains about two to two and a quarter per cent. of silicon, which is oxidized by the blast and is converted into silica or silicic acid, which in turn unites with 2 5 any oxide of iron which may be present in the bath, forming therewith an acid cinder or slag but as the blow continues and oxidizes the iron, the oxide thus formed combines with the surplus silicic acid in the slag, and changes the character of the latter until it becomes comparatively highly basic. This action continues until the slag has reached such a state that it will not absorb or dissolve any more of the oxide, which will then remain in the bath in that condition, and would be carried therewith into the mold, producing unsound and imperfect ingots, or a large amount of ferro-manganese would have to be added to the bath in order to remove this excess of oxide of iron.
This excess of oxide occurs more particularly in manufacturing steels low in carbon, and
by steels low in carbon I mean such as contain less than .10 per cent. of carbon.
In making such steels the blow must be continued until all the carbon and other impurities have been, as far as practicable, removed from the bath, and it is impracticable to add sufficient ferromanganese to remove all this oxide, for if sufficient ferro-manganese to re- 50 move the oxide of iron in the bath were added the resultant metal would be too high in car- (No specimens.)
bon on account of the high percent-age of carbon contained in the ferro-manganese.
I now propose to add to the bath in the con- Verter at any stage of the process of blowing a sufficient amount of silicious materiaL-e. g., sand, ganister, or silicious clay containing a high percentage of free silicato combine with and remove all the oxide of iron which may A be formed during the conversion of the bath. The silica thus added will combine with the oxide of iron and form therewith an acid slag.
I have found that about fiftypounds (50 lbs.) of silicious material is sufficient for a bath of ten thousand pounds (10,000 lbs.) of cast-iron, and this material may be added at any stage of the operation, but preferably during the latter part of the blow. This silicious material may either be charged into the converter through the mouth or it may be blown in by the blast. As this silicious ma terial combines with and removes to a very great extent oxide that is formed, only sufficient quantity of ferro-manganese need be added, when the converter is turned down, to 7 produce the proper degree of carburization and to neutralize the sulphur. This saving of ferro-mangancse amounts in steels low in carbon to thirty-three (33) per cent. of the quantity usually employed in the Bessemer 8o process.
Another important characteristic of this process is the great elimination of gas effected by the charge of silicious material. I have found that when the silicious material is added 8 5 that a great amount of gas is liberated and discharged from the converter while the metal is being poured into the ladle; but the metal remains perfectly quiet in the ladle and mold after pouring.
It has been found that when steel, as usually made, is rolled into sheets, and these sheets are subsequently pickled and afterward coldrolled in water that the surface of the sheet is full of minute blisters, which render the sheet useless for stamping purposes. These blisters arise from gases which have been confined in the metal and were developed in the subsequent treatment; but sheets made from steel produced by my process are quite free from these blisters.
WhileI cannot state with certainty the cause of the retention of the gases in the bath heretofore, I have found that the elimination of the gas is more thorough and effective when the silicious material is added at or about the end of the blowing operation.
I am aware that it is not new to add silicon to a bath of molten steel in the form of silicious pig-metal, consisting of silicon, man-ganese, iron, and carbon. The silicon in this material acts upon the carbonic oxide in the metal of the bath, thereby decomposing it with the liberation of carbon which unites with the iron to form steel, and the silicon is converted into silica by the oxygen taken from the carbonic oxide, and the silica in turn unites with any oxide of iron or manganese present to form a slag; but I am not aware that silica, either pure or combined with other materials, has ever been added to a bath of molten steel. The silica combines with the slag, changing it from a basic to an acid slag, thereby rendering the slag capable of combining with any oxide of iron, as such, which may be present.
It will be perceived that thesilicon and silicaradically different materialsact in different ways. The silicon, combining with the gases, eliminates them, and the silica, combining with the slag, renders it fluid and acid, thereby providing for an elimination of both the oxide of iron and the gases; and any surplus silicon used in the old method not combined with the carbonic oxide unites with the metal, rendering the metal, if the surplus is great, very brittle. The silica, however, will never attack the metal, but will combine only with the slag.
I am aware that a small quantity of a mixture of pulverized sand and salt have been introduced into the bath in a converter through the blast-pipe, the sand being used to increase the heat of the bath and as a carrier for the salt; but I am not aware that silica alone, in the form of sand, ganister, &c., has ever been used to act upon the slag of the bath and for the elimination of the gases in the bath.
I am also aware that silicate of alumina has been added to iron in the finery and puddling operations, and also-that a mixture of ground flint and charcoal have been blown into the bath in the Bessemer operation; but I am not aware that silica, either alone or mechanically combined with other materials having no chemical effect upon the metal of the bath, have ever been used in the Bessemer operations.
I claim herein as my invention- 1. In the Bessemer process, the method of eliminating the oxide of iron formed in the bath during the conversion thereof, which consists in adding silicious material containing a large proportion of free silica, to the molten bath in about the proportions above stated at or approximately at that period of, the operation at which the oxidation of the silicon of the bath ceases, substantially as set forth.
2. In the Bessemer process, the method of producing steel low in carbon, which consists in adding silicious material containing a large proportion of free silica to the molten bath in about the proportions stated for the elimination of the oxide ofiron therefrom, and finally adding ferro-manganese to neutralize the sulphur and carburize the metal of the bath, substantially as set forth.
3. In the Bessemer process, the method of eliminating the oxide of iron and the gases from the metal of the bath, which consists in adding silicious material containing a large proportion of free silica thereto in the proportions above described at or about the end of the blowing operation, substantially as set forth.
7 In testimony whereof 'I have hereunto set my hand.
NOEL B. W I'ITMAN.
\Vitnesses:
B. H. WHITTLEsEY, DARWIN S. WVoLoo'rT.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US318067A true US318067A (en) | 1885-05-19 |
Family
ID=2387212
Family Applications (1)
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US318067D Expired - Lifetime US318067A (en) | Assig-nob to pittsbtjeg |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US318067A (en) |
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- US US318067D patent/US318067A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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