US3180373A - Generation of gaseous mixtures for inflatable devices - Google Patents

Generation of gaseous mixtures for inflatable devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US3180373A
US3180373A US318329A US31832963A US3180373A US 3180373 A US3180373 A US 3180373A US 318329 A US318329 A US 318329A US 31832963 A US31832963 A US 31832963A US 3180373 A US3180373 A US 3180373A
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Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
gases
charge
mixture
pressure
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US318329A
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Lester V Hebenstreit
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Specialties Development Corp
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Specialties Development Corp
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Priority to US149896A priority Critical patent/US3143445A/en
Priority claimed from US149895A external-priority patent/US3122181A/en
Priority to DE19621442844 priority patent/DE1442844A1/en
Application filed by Specialties Development Corp filed Critical Specialties Development Corp
Priority to US318329A priority patent/US3180373A/en
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Publication of US3180373A publication Critical patent/US3180373A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/04—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive for producing gas under pressure
    • F42B3/045—Hybrid systems with previously pressurised gas using blasting to increase the pressure, e.g. causing the gas to be released from its sealed container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J7/00—Apparatus for generating gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C9/00—Life-saving in water
    • B63C9/08—Life-buoys, e.g. rings; Life-belts, jackets, suits, or the like
    • B63C9/18—Inflatable equipment characterised by the gas-generating or inflation device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C35/00—Flying-boats; Seaplanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to inflating inflatable devices, and, more particularly, to an improved method for generating gaseous mixtures of carbon dioxide or the like and combustion products of propellants suitable for inflating such devices.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method of effectively inflating equipment without subjecting the equipment to excessive temperatures.
  • a further object is to. accomplish the foregoing in a simple, practical, reliable and economical manner.
  • the foregoing objects can be generally accomplished by mixing the hot gaseous combustion products of propellants such as burning powders with liquefied carbon dioxide and a material having a high heat of vaporization, such as ethyl alcohol for example.
  • the got gases heat and gasify the carbon dioxide to attain a desired pressure and the subsequent expansion of the carbon dioxide produces a cooling effect which reduces the temperature of the hot gases so that the mixture is at a temperature which the inflatable equipment can withstand.
  • the temperature of the hot gases is further reduced and the pressure of the mixture is further increased by the alcohol or the like.
  • a predetermined amount of heat is produced by the propellant for each pound of carbon dioxide used and a predetermined amount of alcohol is used for each 1000 B.t.u of heat produced.
  • These amounts may be varied by summertime or high ambient temperature operations (e.g., 20 F. to 125 F.) and for wintertime or low temperature operation (e.g., 2D F. to 80 F.) by using more carbon dioxide, more propellant and less alcohol in the wintertime than in the summertime, as Will be explained hereinafter with reference to the specific examples of the present invention.
  • these amounts may be adjusted to compromise for summertime and wintertime operation to provide a charge operable within the temperature range of -20 F. to 125 F.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system utilizing apparatus in accordance with the present invention for producing a gaseous mixture for inflating an inflatable device.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view, partly in elevation, of apparatus for producing the gaseous mixture.
  • FIG. 1 a system is shown in FIG. 1 which comprises an inflatable device 10, a gas generator 11, and a conduit 12 for conducting a mixture of gases from the gas generator to the inflatable device.
  • the inflatable device 10 may be a bag of any desired shape and size used in connection with boats, rafts, rescue devices or helicopter landing pads.
  • the interior of the gas generator 11 for producing the mixture of gases is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the gas generator comprises a container 15 for confining carbon dioxide; an outlet assembly 16 having the conduit 12 connected to its outlet 17; a pressure rupturable disc 18 for normally sealing the container to prevent discharge through the outlet; a hot gas generating chamber 19 including a charge 20 of propellant adjacent the outlet, an electrically actuated squib 21 for igniting the charge, and a passageway means 22 for conducting the hot gases from the chamber to the interior of the container 15 for admixture with the carbon dioxide; and a safety disc assembly 24 adapted to burst in the event an unsafe pressure is created within the container.
  • the squib 21 is actuated to ignite the charge 20, and the propellant generates hot gases which are admixed with the alcohol and the carbon dioxide to increase the pressure within the container 15 and burst the'disc 18.
  • This mixture is discharged through the outlet 17 and is conducted by the conduit 12 to the inflatable device 10 or other points of use.
  • the hot gases increase the pressure of the carbon dioxide and vaporize the alcohol and the carbon dioxide upon expansion cools the hot gases by the Joule-Thomson effect which takes place when it is suddenly expanded from a high pressure to a much lower pressure, whereby the temperature of the mixture which enters the inflatable device is not too high to harm the device and the pressure of the gaseous mixture is adequate to fully inflate the device.
  • the temperature of the gaseous mixture entering the bag can be maintained at between about 30 F. and about 160 F. by varying the ratio of the number of B.t.u. produced for each pound of carbon dioxide. This ratio is higher at the lower ambient temperature than at the higher ambient temperatures. generated by the propellant for each pound of carbon dioxide, and at 125 F. about B.t.u. may be generated by the propellant for each pound of carbon dioxide which is in excess of the heat theoretically required and to thereby take into account heat losses to atmosphere and work done in inflating the bag.
  • a propellant charge which has been found suitable is a potassium perchlorate type powder capable of producing about l740 Btu. a pound.
  • a potassium perchlorate type powder capable of producing about l740 Btu. a pound.
  • Ethyl alcohol synthetic
  • ethyl alcohol synthetic
  • the presence of ethyl alcohol has no harmful efiect on the components of the system.
  • 159 B.t.u. may be i but a smaller amount of alcohol can be used to control the temperature of the gaseous mixture than at high temperature operation.
  • a smaller amount of alcohol can be used to control the temperature of the gaseous mixture than at high temperature operation.
  • at 20 F. about 0.40 pound of alcohol is used for each l000 B.t.u. produced by the charge, and at 125 F. about 0.77 pound of alcohol is used for each 1000 B.t.u. produced by the charge.
  • a 56 cubic foot bag'for a helicopter pad was inflated to a pressure of about three p.s.i.g. in less than four seconds by a hot gas generator vcontainer 11 having a volumeof about 350 cubic inches and amounts 'of material:
  • the present invention provides a simple, practical and economical manner of inflating inflatable devices.
  • I claim: 7 V 1.
  • the method of inflating an inflatable device which method comprises generating a predetermined charge of hot gases under pressure in a confined zone, mixing the gases with a predetermined charge/of carbon dioxide under pressure and a liquid material having a high latent heatrof vaporization in the zone to increase the pressure ofthe carbondioxide and vaporize the material, releasing the mixture of gases and carbon dioxide from the zone,

Description

A ril 27, 1965 v. HEBENSTREIT 3,180,373
GENERATION OF GASEOUS MIXTURES FOR INFLATABLE DEVICES Original Filed Nov. 3, 1961 F ig. I
GAS INFLATABLE GENERATOR DEVICE IZ/ n 10 F 2 v INVENTOR L E STE R V. HEBEHSTREIT United States Patent 3,180,373 GENERA'HON 0F GASEOUS MIXTURES FOR INFLATABLE DEVRj-ES Lester V. Hebenstreit, Bloomfield, Nl, assignor to Specialties Development Corporation, Belleviile, N.J., a corporation of New Jersey Original application Nov. 3, 1961, Ser. No. 149,896, now Patent No. 3,143,445, dated Aug. 4, 1964. Divided and this application Oct. 23, 1963, Ser. No. 313,329
2 Claims. (Cl. 141-4) The present invention relates to inflating inflatable devices, and, more particularly, to an improved method for generating gaseous mixtures of carbon dioxide or the like and combustion products of propellants suitable for inflating such devices.
Heretofore, it has been proposed to inflate landing pads for helicopters and flotation equipment such as rafts, boats, escape ladders and the like with a mixture of carbon dioxide and the gases produced by propellants whereby the gases effected expansion of the carbon dioxide and the expanding carbon dioxide reduced the temperature of the gases and the mixture. However, under certain conditions of operation, the temperature of the mixture was not sufiiciently reduced to be safely withstood by the inflatable device or the pressure of the mixture was insufficient to fully inflate the device when cooled to ambient temperature.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of effectively inflating equipment without subjecting the equipment to excessive temperatures.
A further object is to. accomplish the foregoing in a simple, practical, reliable and economical manner.
Other and further objects of the invention will be obvious upon and understanding of the illustrative embodiment about to be described, or will be indicated in the appended claims, and various advantages not referred to herein will occur to one skilled in the art upon employment of the invention in practice.
In accordance with the present invention, it has been discovered that the foregoing objects can be generally accomplished by mixing the hot gaseous combustion products of propellants such as burning powders with liquefied carbon dioxide and a material having a high heat of vaporization, such as ethyl alcohol for example. The got gases heat and gasify the carbon dioxide to attain a desired pressure and the subsequent expansion of the carbon dioxide produces a cooling effect which reduces the temperature of the hot gases so that the mixture is at a temperature which the inflatable equipment can withstand. The temperature of the hot gases is further reduced and the pressure of the mixture is further increased by the alcohol or the like.
It is contemplated that a predetermined amount of heat is produced by the propellant for each pound of carbon dioxide used and a predetermined amount of alcohol is used for each 1000 B.t.u of heat produced. These amounts may be varied by summertime or high ambient temperature operations (e.g., 20 F. to 125 F.) and for wintertime or low temperature operation (e.g., 2D F. to 80 F.) by using more carbon dioxide, more propellant and less alcohol in the wintertime than in the summertime, as Will be explained hereinafter with reference to the specific examples of the present invention. Also, these amounts may be adjusted to compromise for summertime and wintertime operation to provide a charge operable within the temperature range of -20 F. to 125 F.
A preferred embodiment of the invention has been chosen for purposes of illustration and description, and
is shown in the accompanying drawing, forming a part of the specification, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system utilizing apparatus in accordance with the present invention for producing a gaseous mixture for inflating an inflatable device.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view, partly in elevation, of apparatus for producing the gaseous mixture.
Referring now to the drawing in detail, a system is shown in FIG. 1 which comprises an inflatable device 10, a gas generator 11, and a conduit 12 for conducting a mixture of gases from the gas generator to the inflatable device.
The inflatable device 10 may be a bag of any desired shape and size used in connection with boats, rafts, rescue devices or helicopter landing pads.
The interior of the gas generator 11 for producing the mixture of gases is shown in FIG. 2. The gas generator comprises a container 15 for confining carbon dioxide; an outlet assembly 16 having the conduit 12 connected to its outlet 17; a pressure rupturable disc 18 for normally sealing the container to prevent discharge through the outlet; a hot gas generating chamber 19 including a charge 20 of propellant adjacent the outlet, an electrically actuated squib 21 for igniting the charge, and a passageway means 22 for conducting the hot gases from the chamber to the interior of the container 15 for admixture with the carbon dioxide; and a safety disc assembly 24 adapted to burst in the event an unsafe pressure is created within the container.
In operation, the squib 21 is actuated to ignite the charge 20, and the propellant generates hot gases which are admixed with the alcohol and the carbon dioxide to increase the pressure within the container 15 and burst the'disc 18. This mixture is discharged through the outlet 17 and is conducted by the conduit 12 to the inflatable device 10 or other points of use. As this occurs, the hot gases increase the pressure of the carbon dioxide and vaporize the alcohol and the carbon dioxide upon expansion cools the hot gases by the Joule-Thomson effect which takes place when it is suddenly expanded from a high pressure to a much lower pressure, whereby the temperature of the mixture which enters the inflatable device is not too high to harm the device and the pressure of the gaseous mixture is adequate to fully inflate the device.
Numerous tests have indicated that, at ambient temperatures between -20 and F., the temperature of the gaseous mixture entering the bag can be maintained at between about 30 F. and about 160 F. by varying the ratio of the number of B.t.u. produced for each pound of carbon dioxide. This ratio is higher at the lower ambient temperature than at the higher ambient temperatures. generated by the propellant for each pound of carbon dioxide, and at 125 F. about B.t.u. may be generated by the propellant for each pound of carbon dioxide which is in excess of the heat theoretically required and to thereby take into account heat losses to atmosphere and work done in inflating the bag.
A propellant charge which has been found suitable is a potassium perchlorate type powder capable of producing about l740 Btu. a pound. Thus, by varying the weight of the charge the desired number of B.t.u. to be produced can be predetermined within accurate limits.
Any suitable materials which remain in liquid state within the working temperature range and which have a high latent heat of vaporization may be utilized. Ethyl alcohol (synthetic) may be preferred because it is readily available and inexpensive, is readily mixed with the carbon dioxide in the'container, and can be confined in the container together with the carbon dioxide. Also, the presence of ethyl alcohol has no harmful efiect on the components of the system.
For example, at 20 F. about 159 B.t.u. may be i but a smaller amount of alcohol can be used to control the temperature of the gaseous mixture than at high temperature operation. For example, at 20 F. about 0.40 pound of alcohol is used for each l000 B.t.u. produced by the charge, and at 125 F. about 0.77 pound of alcohol is used for each 1000 B.t.u. produced by the charge. a a
As specific examples of the present invention, a 56 cubic foot bag'for a helicopter pad was inflated to a pressure of about three p.s.i.g. in less than four seconds by a hot gas generator vcontainer 11 having a volumeof about 350 cubic inches and amounts 'of material:
Exainple I 7 'Working temperature range, F. -20 to 80 Carbon dioxide pounds 7.28 Charge 20 do 1 :.0.66 Ethyl alcohol 'do 0.46 Bag temperature range, F. i 4 to 136 i i V Example II V Working temperature range, 20 to 125 Carbon dioxide pounds 6.89 Charge 20 do' 0.57 Ethyl alcohol do I 0.66 a Bag temperature range, F. 36to 155 Example 111 Working temperature range, F. '-20 to 125 Carbon dioxide pounds I 7.33 Charge 20 a do 0.67 Ethyl alcohol do 0.90 Bag temperature range, F. 30 to 160 Other tests indicated that the mixture in accordance with the foregoing examples are; also suitable for inflating flotation equipment, particularly such equipment having be understood that other compounds can be substituted containing the following in place of carbon dioxide Such compounds should i have a comparable expanded volume to weight ratio, and should be gaseous'and have a vapor pressure within the operating temperature rangedesired to sufiiciently inflate the bag. For example, such compounds are ammonia, ethane, propylene and nitrous oxide. Ammonia can be employed in systems where its dangerously toxic and corrosive nature" and'high water solubility can be tolerated.
From the foregoing description, it will be seen that the present invention provides a simple, practical and economical manner of inflating inflatable devices.
It will be understood that the details and examples hereinbefore set forth are illustrative only and that the invention as broadly described and claimed is in no way limited thereby. This application is a division of application Serial No. 14 9,896ffiled November 3,1961, now US. Patent No. 3,143,445, g
I claim: 7 V 1. The method of inflating an inflatable device, which method comprises generating a predetermined charge of hot gases under pressure in a confined zone, mixing the gases with a predetermined charge/of carbon dioxide under pressure and a liquid material having a high latent heatrof vaporization in the zone to increase the pressure ofthe carbondioxide and vaporize the material, releasing the mixture of gases and carbon dioxide from the zone,
- V H e I" LAVERNE GEIGER, Primary Examiner.
expanding the released pressurized carbon dioxide in admixture with the gases to cool the gases, and introducing the expandedmixture into the inflatable device, the quantitative relationship of the'char'ge of carbon dioxide and 7 material and the charge of hot gases being such so as to produce the expanded mixture at temperatures and pressures suitable for introduction into the inflatable device. a
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a sufcient amount of hot gases are generated to produce between about and about 159 Btu. for each pound of carbon dioxide and between about 0.40 and about 0.77
1 pound of ethyl alcohol are admixed withthe gas and duced by the. hot gas. 1 a
, No references cited.

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF INFLATING AN INFLATABLE DEVICE, WHICH METHOD COMPRISES GENERATING A PREDETERMINED CHARGE OF HOT GASES UNDER PRESSURE IN A CONFINED ZONE, MIXING THE GASES WITH A PREDETERMINED CHARGE OF CARBON DIOXIDE UNDER PRESSURE AND A LIQUID MATERIAL HAVING A HIGH LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION IN THE ZONE TO INCREASE THE PRESSURE OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE AND VAPORIZE THE MATERIAL, RELEASING THE MIXTURE OF GASES AND CARBON DIOXIDE FORM THE ZONE, EXPANDING THE RELEASED PRESSURIZED CARBON DIOXIDE IN ADMIXTURE WITH THE GASES TO COOL THE GASES, AND INTRODUCING THE EXPANDED MIXTURE INTO THE INFLATABLE DEVICE, THE QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP OF THE CHARGE OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND MATERIAL AND THE CHARGE OF HOT GASES BEING SUCH SO AS TO PRODUCE THE EXPANDED MIXTURE AT TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES SUITABLE FOR INTRODUCTION INTO THE INFLATABLE DEVICE.
US318329A 1961-11-03 1963-10-23 Generation of gaseous mixtures for inflatable devices Expired - Lifetime US3180373A (en)

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DE19621442844 DE1442844A1 (en) 1961-11-03 1962-11-02 Method for inflating an inflatable device and device for carrying out the method
US318329A US3180373A (en) 1961-11-03 1963-10-23 Generation of gaseous mixtures for inflatable devices

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US149895A US3122181A (en) 1961-11-03 1961-11-03 Generation of gaseous mixtures for inflatable devices
US318329A US3180373A (en) 1961-11-03 1963-10-23 Generation of gaseous mixtures for inflatable devices

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3304963A (en) * 1964-02-20 1967-02-21 Chrysler Corp Method for filling a collapsible container
US3532358A (en) * 1968-07-22 1970-10-06 Chrysler Corp Inflatable device
US3642304A (en) * 1970-06-16 1972-02-15 Olin Corp Safety bag inflation system for vehicles
US3663036A (en) * 1970-06-16 1972-05-16 Olin Corp Vehicle safety device having an inflatable confinement
US3719054A (en) * 1970-08-24 1973-03-06 Rocket Research Corp Liquefied gas vaporizer attachment for a pressure bottle
US3731843A (en) * 1971-06-10 1973-05-08 Susquehanna Corp Gas source
US3774932A (en) * 1970-11-27 1973-11-27 Daimler Benz Ag Safety steering
US3817263A (en) * 1969-12-06 1974-06-18 Dynamit Nobel Ag Device for the inflation of safety cushions in vehicles
US3833029A (en) * 1972-04-21 1974-09-03 Kidde & Co Walter Method and apparatus for generating gaseous mixtures for inflatable devices
US4095624A (en) * 1975-11-26 1978-06-20 Davis Elisha C Pressure tank
US4309229A (en) * 1975-12-31 1982-01-05 Allied Chemical Corporation Method of generating water vapor free gas
US5004586A (en) * 1987-02-10 1991-04-02 Nippon Koki Co., Ltd. Gas generating apparatus for inflating air bag
US5263740A (en) * 1991-12-17 1993-11-23 Trw Inc. Hybrid air bag inflator
US5348344A (en) * 1991-09-18 1994-09-20 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Apparatus for inflating a vehicle occupant restraint using a mixture of gases
US5433476A (en) * 1994-07-27 1995-07-18 Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. Temperature compensated stored gas inflator
US5460406A (en) * 1993-12-13 1995-10-24 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Inflator assembly
US5468015A (en) * 1994-06-21 1995-11-21 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Apparatus for inflating an inflatable vehicle occupant restraint
US5538278A (en) * 1994-06-14 1996-07-23 Ad Astram Enterprises, Inc. Ignition train apparatus for hybrid airbag inflators
USRE37843E1 (en) 1991-09-18 2002-09-17 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Apparatus for inflating a vehicle occupant restraint using a mixture of gases
US20060290108A1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2006-12-28 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Heated gas inflator

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US3222230A (en) * 1961-11-03 1965-12-07 Specialties Dev Corp Generation of gaseous mixtures for inflatable devices
US3273332A (en) * 1963-09-03 1966-09-20 George L Poudrier Production of cooled propellant gases through endothermic reaction
EP0728633A1 (en) * 1995-02-22 1996-08-28 Morton International, Inc. Hybrid inflator with elongated housing and center discharge
DE19602695C2 (en) * 1996-01-26 2003-07-31 Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh Gas generator with cooling device
AU686062B2 (en) * 1996-04-09 1998-01-29 Morton International, Inc. Hybrid adaptive inflator for airbags

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3304963A (en) * 1964-02-20 1967-02-21 Chrysler Corp Method for filling a collapsible container
US3532358A (en) * 1968-07-22 1970-10-06 Chrysler Corp Inflatable device
US3817263A (en) * 1969-12-06 1974-06-18 Dynamit Nobel Ag Device for the inflation of safety cushions in vehicles
US3642304A (en) * 1970-06-16 1972-02-15 Olin Corp Safety bag inflation system for vehicles
US3663036A (en) * 1970-06-16 1972-05-16 Olin Corp Vehicle safety device having an inflatable confinement
US3719054A (en) * 1970-08-24 1973-03-06 Rocket Research Corp Liquefied gas vaporizer attachment for a pressure bottle
US3774932A (en) * 1970-11-27 1973-11-27 Daimler Benz Ag Safety steering
US3731843A (en) * 1971-06-10 1973-05-08 Susquehanna Corp Gas source
US3833029A (en) * 1972-04-21 1974-09-03 Kidde & Co Walter Method and apparatus for generating gaseous mixtures for inflatable devices
US4095624A (en) * 1975-11-26 1978-06-20 Davis Elisha C Pressure tank
US4309229A (en) * 1975-12-31 1982-01-05 Allied Chemical Corporation Method of generating water vapor free gas
US5004586A (en) * 1987-02-10 1991-04-02 Nippon Koki Co., Ltd. Gas generating apparatus for inflating air bag
US5348344A (en) * 1991-09-18 1994-09-20 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Apparatus for inflating a vehicle occupant restraint using a mixture of gases
USRE37843E1 (en) 1991-09-18 2002-09-17 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Apparatus for inflating a vehicle occupant restraint using a mixture of gases
US5263740A (en) * 1991-12-17 1993-11-23 Trw Inc. Hybrid air bag inflator
US5460406A (en) * 1993-12-13 1995-10-24 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Inflator assembly
US5538278A (en) * 1994-06-14 1996-07-23 Ad Astram Enterprises, Inc. Ignition train apparatus for hybrid airbag inflators
US5738371A (en) * 1994-06-14 1998-04-14 Ad Astam Scientific, L.L.C. Hybrid airbag inflator
US5468015A (en) * 1994-06-21 1995-11-21 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Apparatus for inflating an inflatable vehicle occupant restraint
US5433476A (en) * 1994-07-27 1995-07-18 Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. Temperature compensated stored gas inflator
US20060290108A1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2006-12-28 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Heated gas inflator
US7380820B2 (en) 2005-06-23 2008-06-03 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Heated gas inflator

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US3143445A (en) 1964-08-04
DE1442844A1 (en) 1968-12-12

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