US317533A - Ebic moetimee atkinson - Google Patents
Ebic moetimee atkinson Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US317533A US317533A US317533DA US317533A US 317533 A US317533 A US 317533A US 317533D A US317533D A US 317533DA US 317533 A US317533 A US 317533A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- molds
- metal
- casting
- moetimee
- ebic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 48
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000004429 atoms Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 210000001503 Joints Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000003936 Plumbago auriculata Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
Definitions
- My invention relates to a method of casting metal articles; and the novelty consists in the man ner of carrying out the same, as will be fully hereinafter described, and specifically?v a condition that no change takes place in the pointed out in the claims.
- the objectof my invention may be said to be to pregvent crystallization and to produce a more lperfect casting at a minimum cost Iprevent crystallization byraising the temperature ef the metal when it is poured Into the molds to, say, 2,300 Fahrenheit. This temperature I retain through the mold for a considerable time after the metal is poured in, and this prevents any considerable current of at a high temperature in the molds for some time after it is' poured in, I prevent the evolution of gases and the formation of crystals,
- Each mold complete is made with two pipeconnections, one to be connected with an airpump and the other with a pipe for admitting the molten metal.
- Fig. 2 is au internal sectional view of such furnace,showing tuyeres for an injection of a blast to produce an intense heat.
- Fig. 3 represents sectional views of a tire-mold.
- M designates the mold
- A thefurnace
- D the doors thereof
- Q the tuyeres for the injection of a blast to produce intense heat to the interior
- B thesmokestack
- E the exhaust-connection
- P the connection with a source of moten metal
- the furnaces but one of which is shown, being preparedand charged with a proper layer of coke, and the molds prepared and placed in position,and the air-pipes and metalsupply pipes connected, and the joints in the molds luted, the fires are started.
- the molds have reached a white heat, the-air is withdrawn from the interior of the molds,and the stop-cocks ein the air-pipes E are then closed, care having been taken to have the molds reach a heat corresponding to that of thc molten metal, and the metal admitted to the mold in suiiicient quantity through the pipes l?, the valve of which is then closed to cnt oil' the supply of metal.
- the heat can be properly adjusted to allow the molds to cool very slowly-'say ten to iiftecn days; but I would have it understood that the time for cooling willvary with the weight and shape of the castings. The molds are then removed and separated carefully to allow their ⁇ reuse.
- This invention must not be confounded with simple casting in vacuo, nor simple slow cooling. It consists in a succession of steps and conditions, which combined go to makeanovel and successful method for the purpose described.
Description
v, C D.. F 4
v M @i ha nu Patented May 12, 1885.
-'UNITI-:IJ Sinin-:5.1Y
ATENT OFFICE.
MARTIN r. HAYFsoF CHICAGO, nlLIsoIs-,AssIGNoB o'F oNE-HALFTOFBED- y ERIC MOBTIMER ATKINsoIv, oF SAME PLACE P'Ro'csss oF CASTING METALS.
I SPBCPICATION forming part of Letter! Patent N0. 317.533, dated Hay 1.2-, 1885.
Application lll-ed Novembertl, 1884.- (No specimens.) l 1/ To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, MARTIN P. HAYIB,.a
citizen of Great Britain, residing at Chicago,
in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Imrovements in Processes of Casting Metals, o which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.
My invention relates to a method of casting metal articles; and the novelty consists in the man ner of carrying out the same, as will be fully hereinafter described, and specifically?v a condition that no change takes place in the pointed out in the claims.
- In casting asheretofore practiced it has been a desideratum to obtain a metal as free as possible from crystallization and blow-holes. These features are caused by the motion of heat from the molten body of metal in the direction of the nearest cooler surfaces, affecting the atoms of 4 metal to vibratory motion, and the presence of air in the molds causes an evolution of gases, which causes blow-holes in the casting. When the metal becomes cooled, this crystallization causes weak brittle castings. It is my design to prevent this crystallization, and to this end I propose to cool very slowly to prevent the travel of heat from vibrating or giving motion to the atoms of metal until it reaches a plastic consistence, in which state the atoms are not so liable to motion from this cause, and in which crystallization is not liable to occur to the same extent as in ordinary casting. .With this same object in view various attempts have been made to produce superior castings, and molds have been made of such refractory material that they have been susceptible of being raised to ahigh temperature. In the attempt to produce a better quality -of metal the same has been cast in vacuo, xthe molds being made air-tight and the air ex- ,hausted at some period during the process of xiillin Wigth these worthy attempts in view the objectof my invention may be said to be to pregvent crystallization and to produce a more lperfect casting at a minimum cost Iprevent crystallization byraising the temperature ef the metal when it is poured Into the molds to, say, 2,300 Fahrenheit. This temperature I retain through the mold for a considerable time after the metal is poured in, and this prevents any considerable current of at a high temperature in the molds for some time after it is' poured in, I prevent the evolution of gases and the formation of crystals,
thus producing what is called in the trade a solid casting. I, in other words, attain such state of the metal when it is placed in the molds, and then so retard the cooling that the metal has assumed a pasty, condition before a suicient force has developed by radiation of .heat to cause crystallization. In order to attain this condition, I employ molds made entirely of refractory material--such'as tire-clay or mixture of lire-clay and plumbago-and I polish the insides of the molds with a thin coating of plumbago and sour beer. .These molds are made sufficiently stout to resist the pressure of the metal by their own strength and withoutthe aid of other metal or casings or asks,which would interfere with the application of great heat to theexterior surfaces. T he molds are formed, dried, and baked in two or more parts, and these partsv are brought together and cemented properly to each other to make air-tight joints. This joint may be made with a luting of silicate of soda, fire-clay,
fine linseed-meal, and water or sour beer. Each mold complete is made with two pipeconnections, one to be connected with an airpump and the other with a pipe for admitting the molten metal.
In casting tires or blooms for making locomotive-tires, for instance, I provide a series or stack of furnaces. As an example ofthe means for carrying my process into practical use, I append hereto a set of illustrationen' n which- Figurelshows an exterior view of a furnace and a set of molds therein having their connections made with an exhausting apparatus and source of metal supply. Fig. 2 is au internal sectional view of such furnace,showing tuyeres for an injection of a blast to produce an intense heat. Fig. 3 represents sectional views of a tire-mold.
In the drawings, in which like Iettersof reference denote like parts, M designates the mold; A, thefurnace; D, the doors thereof, and Q the tuyeres for the injection of a blast to produce intense heat to the interior; B, thesmokestack; E, the exhaust-connection, and P the connection with a source of moten metal, these latter pipes, E and P, being provided with proper cocks and valves e p, respectively.
The furnaces, but one of which is shown, being preparedand charged with a proper layer of coke, and the molds prepared and placed in position,and the air-pipes and metalsupply pipes connected, and the joints in the molds luted, the fires are started. When the molds have reached a white heat, the-air is withdrawn from the interior of the molds,and the stop-cocks ein the air-pipes E are then closed, care having been taken to have the molds reach a heat corresponding to that of thc molten metal, and the metal admitted to the mold in suiiicient quantity through the pipes l?, the valve of which is then closed to cnt oil' the supply of metal. By means of the tuyercs the heat can be properly adjusted to allow the molds to cool very slowly-'say ten to iiftecn days; but I would have it understood that the time for cooling willvary with the weight and shape of the castings. The molds are then removed and separated carefully to allow their` reuse.
This invention must not be confounded with simple casting in vacuo, nor simple slow cooling. It consists in a succession of steps and conditions, which combined go to makeanovel and successful method for the purpose described.
What I claim as new isl. The process herein described of casting metal, which consists in first subjecting in a furnace air-tight molds made entirely of refractory material to a heat approximating that of the molten metal to be cast, then exhausting the air and introducing the' molten metal,
and nally slowly reducing the temperature.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US317533A true US317533A (en) | 1885-05-12 |
Family
ID=2386678
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US317533D Expired - Lifetime US317533A (en) | Ebic moetimee atkinson |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US317533A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2469907A (en) * | 1946-08-22 | 1949-05-10 | Whitehead Bros Co | Mold composition |
-
0
- US US317533D patent/US317533A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2469907A (en) * | 1946-08-22 | 1949-05-10 | Whitehead Bros Co | Mold composition |
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