US3175107A - Piezoelectric transducer with longitudinal polarization - Google Patents

Piezoelectric transducer with longitudinal polarization Download PDF

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US3175107A
US3175107A US247780A US24778062A US3175107A US 3175107 A US3175107 A US 3175107A US 247780 A US247780 A US 247780A US 24778062 A US24778062 A US 24778062A US 3175107 A US3175107 A US 3175107A
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electrodes
polarization
piezoelectric transducer
opposite
face
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US247780A
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Brussaard Jan Maarten
Hekkert Jan Willem
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G7/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by non-mechanical means; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G7/02—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric
    • H01G7/025—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric having an inorganic dielectric
    • H01G7/026—Electrets, i.e. having a permanently-polarised dielectric having an inorganic dielectric with ceramic dielectric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
    • H10N30/04—Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning
    • H10N30/045—Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning by polarising
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
    • H10N30/853—Ceramic compositions
    • H10N30/8536—Alkaline earth metal based oxides, e.g. barium titanates

Definitions

  • FIG.1 PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER WITH LONGITUDINAL POLARIZATION Original Filed Feb. 13, 1958 FIG.1
  • the present invention relates to a method for the longitudinal pre-polarization of bodies consisting of at least one layer of homogeneous, polycrystalline, ceramic, piezoelectric material having remanent polarization properties, which pre-polarization occurs in a medium having a high breakdown-strength, the main faces of the layers being provided with a number of parallel electrodes located at right angles or substantially at right angles to the sense of polarization, while the polarization between adjacent pairs of electrodes is of opposite sense.
  • the method, according to the invention in which this disadvantage occurs to a much lesser degree, consists in that one polarity of the polarization voltage is applied to the electrodes resting on one main face, and the other polarity is applied to the electrodes resting on the other main face between each two adjacent electrodes on the first-mentioned main face.
  • advantage is taken from the fact that, as a result of said placement of the electrodes the whole bundle of lines of force passes through the material.
  • a further advantage of the method according to the invention over that according to said U.S.A. patent specification is, that for obtaining the same capacity, half the electrode surface is suflicient, while obtaining the same output voltage.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous when carrying out this method in pre-polarizing large numbers of such bodies simultaneously.
  • the bodies are pre-polarized in a bath containing oil as a medium having a high breakdown-strength, a breakdown then rendering the bath unsuitable for a next polarization, so that large-scale production is not feasible.
  • this disadvantage occurs to a much lesser degree in large-scale pre-polarization, since, as mentioned above, the risk of arcing-over per se has already been reduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a member pre-polarized according to a known method
  • FIG. 2 shows a member pre-polarized with the aid of the method according to the invention.
  • the reference numeral 1 designates a body of ceramic, piezo-electric material, for example BaTiO the main faces of which are provided with electrodes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
  • the electrodes 2, 3 and the electrodes 3, 4 on the upper main face each constitute a pair of electrodes, similarly the electrodes 5, 6 and 6, 7 respectively each constitute a pair of electrodes on the lower main face.
  • the pre-polarization is effected so as to be of opposite sense between adjacent pairs of electrodes (2, 3 and 3, 4).
  • the bundle of lines of forces passes in part along the surface beyond the material, as represented schematically in FIG. 1. This often gives rise to arcing-over along the surface of the body.
  • FIG. 2 shows a body of ceramic, piezo-electric material the main faces of which are provided with electrodes 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15.
  • the method according to the invention consists in that one polarity of the polarization voltage is applied to electrodes 9, 10, 11, 12 resting on the upper main face, while the other polarity is applied to the electrodes 13, 14 and 15 on the lower main face between the two upper adjacent electrodes on the upper main face.
  • the electrodes 9, 13 on the one hand and the electrodes 10, 13 on the other hand constitute a pair of electrodes.
  • the whole bundle of lines of force passes through the material.
  • the electrodes 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 may be applied to the ceramic body by the normal techniques, such as described in the USA. Patent 2,540,187 with respect to the electrodes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
  • An element for use in a piezoelectric transducer comprising a ceramic, piezoelectric body, a plurality of spaced interconnected electrodes disposed on one of opposite faces of the body, and a plurality of spaced interconnected electrodes on the opposite face of said body, each of said latter electrodes lying between adjacent electrodes on the said one face, said body possessing alternating longitudinal polarization.
  • a piezoelectric element with longitudinal polarization comprising a ceramic, piezoelectric body, a plurality of spaced electrodes disposed on a first surface of said body, a second plurality of spaced electrodes on a second surface of said body opposite that of said first surface, each of said latter electrodes being disposed opposite a space between pairs of electrodes on said opposite surface, said body being polarized longitudinally in opposite directions between one electrode on one face and a pair of electrodes on the opposite face separated by a space opposite from said electrode.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Description

March 23, 1965 J. M. BRUSSAARD ETAL 3,175,107
PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER WITH LONGITUDINAL POLARIZATION Original Filed Feb. 13, 1958 FIG.1
PRIOR ART INVENTORS JAN MAARTEN BRUSSAARD JAN WlLLEM HEKKERT BY ME.
AGENT United States Patent 3,175,107 PIEZOELEQITRHZ TRANSDUCER WITH LGNGITUDINAL POLARIZATIGN Jan Maarten Brussaard and Jan Willem Heldrert, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignors to North American Philips Company, Inc., New York, N. a corporation of Delaware Original application Feb. 13, 1958, Ser. No. 715,044, new Patent No. 3,071,841, dated Jan. 8, 1963. Divided and this application Nov. 23, 1962, Ser. No. 247,780
3 Claims. (Cl. 3109.8)
This application is a division of application Serial No. 715,044, filed February 13, 1958, now Patent No. 3,071, 841, granted January 8, 1963.
The present invention relates to a method for the longitudinal pre-polarization of bodies consisting of at least one layer of homogeneous, polycrystalline, ceramic, piezoelectric material having remanent polarization properties, which pre-polarization occurs in a medium having a high breakdown-strength, the main faces of the layers being provided with a number of parallel electrodes located at right angles or substantially at right angles to the sense of polarization, while the polarization between adjacent pairs of electrodes is of opposite sense.
Such a method is known from U.S.A. patent specification 2,540,87. It has a limitation in that, due to the placement of the several electrodes, the bundle of lines of force produced during pre-polarization passes in part along the surface of the body beyond the material, which often causes arcing-over along the surface.
The method, according to the invention, in which this disadvantage occurs to a much lesser degree, consists in that one polarity of the polarization voltage is applied to the electrodes resting on one main face, and the other polarity is applied to the electrodes resting on the other main face between each two adjacent electrodes on the first-mentioned main face. In this manner advantage is taken from the fact that, as a result of said placement of the electrodes the whole bundle of lines of force passes through the material.
A further advantage of the method according to the invention over that according to said U.S.A. patent specification is, that for obtaining the same capacity, half the electrode surface is suflicient, while obtaining the same output voltage.
The invention is particularly advantageous when carrying out this method in pre-polarizing large numbers of such bodies simultaneously. As a matter of fact, in the aforesaid known method, the bodies are pre-polarized in a bath containing oil as a medium having a high breakdown-strength, a breakdown then rendering the bath unsuitable for a next polarization, so that large-scale production is not feasible. When using the method according to the invention this disadvantage occurs to a much lesser degree in large-scale pre-polarization, since, as mentioned above, the risk of arcing-over per se has already been reduced. In so far as arcing-over is still to be feared under these greatly improved conditions as may occur in practice, this can be met in a preferred form of the method according to the invention when using as a medium having a high breakdown-strength a gaseous medium, preferably a fluorochloromethane, for example CF Cl In order that the invention may be readily carried into effect, an example will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which 3,175,107 Patented Mar. 23, 1965 FIG. 1 shows a member pre-polarized according to a known method, and
FIG. 2 shows a member pre-polarized with the aid of the method according to the invention.
In FIG. 1, the reference numeral 1 designates a body of ceramic, piezo-electric material, for example BaTiO the main faces of which are provided with electrodes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The electrodes 2, 3 and the electrodes 3, 4 on the upper main face each constitute a pair of electrodes, similarly the electrodes 5, 6 and 6, 7 respectively each constitute a pair of electrodes on the lower main face. In this known method, the pre-polarization is effected so as to be of opposite sense between adjacent pairs of electrodes (2, 3 and 3, 4). As a result of the placement of the several pairs of electrodes the bundle of lines of forces passes in part along the surface beyond the material, as represented schematically in FIG. 1. This often gives rise to arcing-over along the surface of the body.
FIG. 2 shows a body of ceramic, piezo-electric material the main faces of which are provided with electrodes 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15. The method according to the invention consists in that one polarity of the polarization voltage is applied to electrodes 9, 10, 11, 12 resting on the upper main face, while the other polarity is applied to the electrodes 13, 14 and 15 on the lower main face between the two upper adjacent electrodes on the upper main face. In this manner, the electrodes 9, 13 on the one hand and the electrodes 10, 13 on the other hand, constitute a pair of electrodes. As a result of this disposition of electrodes the whole bundle of lines of force passes through the material.
The electrodes 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 may be applied to the ceramic body by the normal techniques, such as described in the USA. Patent 2,540,187 with respect to the electrodes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
What is claimed is:
1. An element for use in a piezoelectric transducer, comprising a ceramic, piezoelectric body, a plurality of spaced interconnected electrodes disposed on one of opposite faces of the body, and a plurality of spaced interconnected electrodes on the opposite face of said body, each of said latter electrodes lying between adjacent electrodes on the said one face, said body possessing alternating longitudinal polarization.
2. A piezoelectric element with longitudinal polarization comprising a ceramic, piezoelectric body, a plurality of spaced electrodes disposed on a first surface of said body, a second plurality of spaced electrodes on a second surface of said body opposite that of said first surface, each of said latter electrodes being disposed opposite a space between pairs of electrodes on said opposite surface, said body being polarized longitudinally in opposite directions between one electrode on one face and a pair of electrodes on the opposite face separated by a space opposite from said electrode.
3. A piezoelectric element as claimed in claim 2 in which the ceramic body is BaTiO References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,540,194 Ellett Dec. 26, 1947 2,743,614 Mason Apr. 17, 1956 2,953,755 Mattiat Sept. 20, 1960

Claims (1)

1. AN ELEMENT FOR USE IN A PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER, COMPRISING A CERAMIC, PIEZOELECTRIC BODY, A PLURALITY OF SPACED INTERCONNECTED ELECTRODES DISPOSED ON ONE OF OPPOSITE FACES OF THE BODY, AND A PLURALITY OF SPACED INTERCONNECTED ELECTRODES ON THE OPPOSITE FACE OF SAID BODY, EACH OF SAID LATTER ELECTRODES LYING BETWEEN ADJACENT ELECTRODES ON THE SAID ONE FACE, SAID BODY POSSESSING ALTERNATING LOGITUDINAL POLARIZATION.
US247780A 1957-02-16 1962-11-23 Piezoelectric transducer with longitudinal polarization Expired - Lifetime US3175107A (en)

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NL3071841X 1957-02-16
US715044A US3071841A (en) 1957-02-16 1958-02-13 Method of longitudinally pre-polarizing bodies consisting of at least one layer of piezoelectric material
US247780A US3175107A (en) 1957-02-16 1962-11-23 Piezoelectric transducer with longitudinal polarization

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4638206A (en) * 1984-06-14 1987-01-20 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Sheet-like piezoelectric element
US4825227A (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-04-25 Spectra, Inc. Shear mode transducer for ink jet systems
US5310511A (en) * 1992-03-24 1994-05-10 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for poling a planar polarizable body
US5315205A (en) * 1991-09-25 1994-05-24 Tokin Corporation Piezoelectric vibrator capable of reliably preventing dielectric breakdown and a method of manufacturing the same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2540194A (en) * 1947-12-26 1951-02-06 Zenith Radio Corp Piezoelectric transducer and method for producing same
US2743614A (en) * 1950-07-15 1956-05-01 Clifford Cecil Frank Mechanical oscillators
US2953755A (en) * 1958-11-17 1960-09-20 Oskar E Mattiat Piezoelectric ceramic filters

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2540194A (en) * 1947-12-26 1951-02-06 Zenith Radio Corp Piezoelectric transducer and method for producing same
US2743614A (en) * 1950-07-15 1956-05-01 Clifford Cecil Frank Mechanical oscillators
US2953755A (en) * 1958-11-17 1960-09-20 Oskar E Mattiat Piezoelectric ceramic filters

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4638206A (en) * 1984-06-14 1987-01-20 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Sheet-like piezoelectric element
US4825227A (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-04-25 Spectra, Inc. Shear mode transducer for ink jet systems
WO1989008240A1 (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-09-08 Spectra, Inc. Shear mode transducer for ink jet systems
EP0364518A1 (en) * 1988-02-29 1990-04-25 Spectra Inc Shear mode transducer for ink jet systems.
EP0364518A4 (en) * 1988-02-29 1992-03-11 Spectra, Inc. Shear mode transducer for ink jet systems
US5315205A (en) * 1991-09-25 1994-05-24 Tokin Corporation Piezoelectric vibrator capable of reliably preventing dielectric breakdown and a method of manufacturing the same
US5400488A (en) * 1991-09-25 1995-03-28 Tokin Corporation Method of manufacturing a piezoelectric vibrator capable of reliably preventing dielectric breakdown
US5310511A (en) * 1992-03-24 1994-05-10 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for poling a planar polarizable body

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