US3166477A - Injection system for electric device - Google Patents

Injection system for electric device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3166477A
US3166477A US857831A US85783159A US3166477A US 3166477 A US3166477 A US 3166477A US 857831 A US857831 A US 857831A US 85783159 A US85783159 A US 85783159A US 3166477 A US3166477 A US 3166477A
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Prior art keywords
magnetic
plasma
chamber
injection
bottle
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Expired - Lifetime
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US857831A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leboutet Hubert
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Thales SA
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CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/02—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma
    • H05H1/10—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma using externally-applied magnetic fields only, e.g. Q-machines, Yin-Yang, base-ball
    • H05H1/14—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma using externally-applied magnetic fields only, e.g. Q-machines, Yin-Yang, base-ball wherein the containment vessel is straight and has magnetic mirrors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/02—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma
    • H05H1/22—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma for injection heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices in which the plasma, that is, an electrically neutral gas constituted by a mixture of ions and electrons, is compressed with a view to carry the same at a relatively high kinetic temperature that may eventually lead to a reaction of thermonuclear fusion.
  • the-present invention relates to the type of devices having so-called magnetic mirrors, i.e., to the device constituted generally by an evacuated vessel or enclosure having two distinct extremities in which is produced a longitudinal magnetic field intermediate these two extremities, this magnetic field being uniform except within the regions adjacent the extremities where the lines offorce are compressed or constricted.
  • This region of compressing or constriction of the magnetic field constitutes a magnetic mirror which reflects the charged particles moving in the direction toward the magnetic mirror regardless of the sign thereof.
  • the totality of the lines of force of the longitudinal field together with the constrictions at the extremities thereof effectively define a so-called magnetic bottle which surrounds or envelops the plasma andwhich compresses the same while at the same time confining the plasma within a region of the space insulated from the walls of the vessel or enclosure.
  • a still further object of the present invention resides in the provision of an injection system for plasma normally confined within a magnetic field of bottle-shape configuration in which the bottle of the magnetic field is effectively opened only temporarily to admit fresh plasma,
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an injection system in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a diagram indicating the respective posi- -tion of the control pulses along the time basis
  • FIGURES 3a to 3; illustrate a series of schematic views of the arrangement of FIGURE 1, illustrating the different stages during a cycle of operation thereof.
  • the chamber for the production of high kinetic temperature is in communication with an injection chamber, the passage of particles from one chamber to the other chamber between injections being effectively prevented by 'a magnetic mirror having a controlled opening thereof at the moment of the injection and thereby operating as a so-called magnetic shutter.
  • the plasma Prior to opening of the magnetic shutter, the plasma is injected into the injection chamber where it is confined and compressed in a second magnetic bottle which is clo ed on one side thereof by the shutter in question and on the other by a movable magnetic mirror operating in the manner of a magnetic piston which pushes or displaces the plasma toward the shutter.
  • FIG- URE 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an injection system according to the present invention
  • reference numeral 1 design-ates a cylindrical element, for example, of Pyrex in which are produced the high temperatures of the plasma.
  • the necessary vacuum is continuously maintained within the cylinder 1 bymeans of the vacuum pump 2 which may be'of any suitable construction.
  • Several magnetic coils or windings are disposed about cylinder 1, namely as follows:
  • a first coil assembly 3 is provided which is intended to produce the magnetic field of correct form for confining and stabilizing the plasma within the cylinder 1.
  • An auxiliary coil 4 is provided at the left end of the cylinder 1, as viewed in FIGURE 1, which is intended to produce a magnetic mirror within the region of the left end or extremity of the cylinder 1.
  • a coil 5 is disposed the production of the high temperatures. All of the coilsdescribed so far hereinabove are supplied continuously from suitable electric current sources, not illustrated in the drawing.
  • auxiliary winding 6, wound in the opposite direction with respect to coil 5 is disposed along the inside of the latter.
  • the auxiliary winding 6 is supplied from a controlled current source 7 which, when controlled by a control pulse, as will be explained more fully hereinafter, transmits to the Winding 6 a current pulse of such intensity that the magnetic action of the winding 5 is momentarily annulled.
  • the portion of the cylinder 1 between the region of the in coil and the right extremity of cylinder 1 constitutes the injection chamber.
  • the injection chamber portion of cylinder 1 is surrounded by a coil assembly 8 analogous to that of the coil assembly 3, which is also supplied continuously from a suitable current source, not illustrated in the drawing, and which serves the purpose of creating the magnetic confining field within the injection chamber.
  • An auxiliary winding 9 is disposed on the inside of the coil assembly 8 of which the turns are periodically connected to' one side of shunt condensers 10, the other side of which are each connected to ground.
  • the totality of coil portions 9 and condensers It) in effect constitute a delay line having predetermined delay characteristics, as is well known in the art.
  • the delay line Y 9, 10 Adjacent the winding 5, the delay line Y 9, 10 is terminated by a matched resistance or impedance 1 11. On the opposite end, the delay line 9, 10 is connected to a control current source 12 which, when controlled by a control pulse, as will be described more fully. hereinafter, sendsra current pulse along the delay line 9,161
  • An ion fun 13 andan electron gun 14 of conventional construction extend into the right extremity of the injection chamber.
  • the ion and electron guns illustrated schematically by blocks 13 and 14-, are, in fact, of any known structure which include all of the necessary electrodes, power supplies, and gas supply sources such as, for instance, deuterium for the ion gun.
  • the ion gun 13 and the electron gun 14 as well as the necessary parts thereof thus constitute effectively the plasma injection means of the system.
  • the control electrodes of the guns 13 and 14 are connected-to the terminal a of a which transmits or applies the control pulses through the intermediary of the distributor 15, at
  • ings 4 and 5 produce respectively the constrictions 18 and 19 of the lines of force forming the so-called magnetic mirrors.
  • the totality of the lines of force '17, 13 and 19 form so-called magnetic bottle.
  • the winding 8 produces the lines of force 20 such-that the totality of the lines of force 19, 2% forms within the injection chamber a magnetic bottle closed at 19 but open at the opposite end thereof.
  • the arm of the distributor 15 is effectively in contact with the terminal a, and a control pulse 21 is transmitted from the source 16 to the control electrodes of the guns 13 and 14.
  • the gun 13 injects into the injection chamber a cloud of ion gas, for example, deuterons, whereas the gun 14 injects an essentially equal quanti-ty'of free electrons.
  • the injection may take place at a relatively high energy level, for example, of the order of 100 kev.
  • the ions and electrons intermingle and form the plasma 22 (FIG- URE 3b). 1
  • FIGURE 3e corresponds tothe moment 1 at which the pulse 23 has arrived at the left end of the delay line 9, 10',
  • FIGURE 2-in dash lines and designated therein by reference numeral23 The plasma 22 is at the same time compressed to the maximum between the constrictions 19 and 24 and the latter constriction 24 is at that time in is end position.
  • an evacuated vessel comprising a high temperature production chamber and a plasma injection chamber, means for establishing in said high temperature production chamber a magnetic field having lines o'f'force extending substantially along said chamber between both extremities thereof to effectively confine plasma particles'to be injected therein, magnetic mirror means at both said extremities to prevent escapement of said particles from said chamber, said injection chamber being defined between one of said magnetic mirror means and one extremity of said vessel, means for injecting ions and electrons for forming plasma into The source 16 thereupon transmits mirror means after the compression of said plasma to thereby inject said compressed plasma into said high temperature production chamber.
  • said magnetic shutter means includes a magnetic coil producing, upon energization thereof, a magnetic field opposite said one magnetic mirror field, and means including a pulse generator and connecting means from said generator to said coil for periodically sending an electric pulse through said coil.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
US857831A 1958-12-24 1959-12-07 Injection system for electric device Expired - Lifetime US3166477A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR782592A FR1219357A (fr) 1958-12-24 1958-12-24 Perfectionnements aux systèmes d'injection pour dispositifs de production de hautestempératures de plasma

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US3166477A true US3166477A (en) 1965-01-19

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3270236A (en) * 1963-03-08 1966-08-30 Siemens Ag Electrodeless apparatus for producing or accelerating plasmoids
US3321664A (en) * 1964-08-10 1967-05-23 James A Phillips Plasma accelerator having rapidly pulsed coil for expelling plasma
US3338789A (en) * 1965-08-20 1967-08-29 Gen Dynamics Corp Fusion generator of high intensity, pulsed neutrons
US3485716A (en) * 1967-11-01 1969-12-23 Atomic Energy Commission Method and apparatus for injecting and trapping charged particles in a magnetic field
US3523209A (en) * 1967-06-29 1970-08-04 Gulf General Atomic Inc Plasma device including plasma injection structure and method
US3643123A (en) * 1968-10-28 1972-02-15 Trw Inc Plasma containment device
US4229679A (en) * 1974-06-05 1980-10-21 Lode Tenny D Plasma control system
WO1982001457A1 (fr) * 1980-10-20 1982-04-29 Tenny D Lode Systeme de controle d'un plasma
US4390495A (en) * 1981-01-19 1983-06-28 Energy Profiles, Inc. Control of colliding ion beams
US4436691A (en) 1981-03-24 1984-03-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method and apparatus for the formation of a spheromak plasma
US4584159A (en) * 1979-09-17 1986-04-22 Energy Profiles, Inc. Plasma wave damping system and method
US4899084A (en) * 1988-02-25 1990-02-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Particle accelerator employing transient space charge potentials
US5923716A (en) * 1996-11-07 1999-07-13 Meacham; G. B. Kirby Plasma extrusion dynamo and methods related thereto
US11856683B2 (en) 2021-03-22 2023-12-26 N.T. Tao Ltd. High efficiency plasma creation system and method

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3093569A (en) * 1958-05-23 1963-06-11 Richard F Post Traveling wave pyrotron
US3104345A (en) * 1961-12-07 1963-09-17 John M Wilcox Plasma generator for a highly ionized electrical plasma

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2868991A (en) * 1957-10-08 1959-01-13 Josephson Vernal High energy gaseous plasma containment device
US2927232A (en) * 1958-07-15 1960-03-01 John S Luce Intense energetic gas discharge
US2933611A (en) * 1960-04-19 Neutron source
US2940011A (en) * 1958-07-11 1960-06-07 Alan C Kolb Device for producing high temperatures
US2946914A (en) * 1958-06-16 1960-07-26 Stirling A Colgate Apparatus for producing and manipulating plasmas
US2969308A (en) * 1958-08-07 1961-01-24 Persa R Bell Method of producing energetic plasma for neutron production

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2933611A (en) * 1960-04-19 Neutron source
US2868991A (en) * 1957-10-08 1959-01-13 Josephson Vernal High energy gaseous plasma containment device
US2946914A (en) * 1958-06-16 1960-07-26 Stirling A Colgate Apparatus for producing and manipulating plasmas
US2940011A (en) * 1958-07-11 1960-06-07 Alan C Kolb Device for producing high temperatures
US2927232A (en) * 1958-07-15 1960-03-01 John S Luce Intense energetic gas discharge
US2969308A (en) * 1958-08-07 1961-01-24 Persa R Bell Method of producing energetic plasma for neutron production

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3270236A (en) * 1963-03-08 1966-08-30 Siemens Ag Electrodeless apparatus for producing or accelerating plasmoids
US3290541A (en) * 1963-03-08 1966-12-06 Siemens Ag Inductive apparatus utilizing a magnetic cusp field for accelerating plasmoids
US3461033A (en) * 1963-03-08 1969-08-12 Siemens Ag Electrical apparatus for electromagnetic control of plasmoids
US3321664A (en) * 1964-08-10 1967-05-23 James A Phillips Plasma accelerator having rapidly pulsed coil for expelling plasma
US3338789A (en) * 1965-08-20 1967-08-29 Gen Dynamics Corp Fusion generator of high intensity, pulsed neutrons
US3523209A (en) * 1967-06-29 1970-08-04 Gulf General Atomic Inc Plasma device including plasma injection structure and method
US3485716A (en) * 1967-11-01 1969-12-23 Atomic Energy Commission Method and apparatus for injecting and trapping charged particles in a magnetic field
US3643123A (en) * 1968-10-28 1972-02-15 Trw Inc Plasma containment device
US4229679A (en) * 1974-06-05 1980-10-21 Lode Tenny D Plasma control system
US4584159A (en) * 1979-09-17 1986-04-22 Energy Profiles, Inc. Plasma wave damping system and method
WO1982001457A1 (fr) * 1980-10-20 1982-04-29 Tenny D Lode Systeme de controle d'un plasma
US4390495A (en) * 1981-01-19 1983-06-28 Energy Profiles, Inc. Control of colliding ion beams
US4436691A (en) 1981-03-24 1984-03-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method and apparatus for the formation of a spheromak plasma
US4899084A (en) * 1988-02-25 1990-02-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Particle accelerator employing transient space charge potentials
US5923716A (en) * 1996-11-07 1999-07-13 Meacham; G. B. Kirby Plasma extrusion dynamo and methods related thereto
US11856683B2 (en) 2021-03-22 2023-12-26 N.T. Tao Ltd. High efficiency plasma creation system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1219357A (fr) 1960-05-17

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