US3165848A - Aperture card system - Google Patents

Aperture card system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3165848A
US3165848A US70814A US7081460A US3165848A US 3165848 A US3165848 A US 3165848A US 70814 A US70814 A US 70814A US 7081460 A US7081460 A US 7081460A US 3165848 A US3165848 A US 3165848A
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United States
Prior art keywords
card
aperture
cards
film
transparency
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Expired - Lifetime
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US70814A
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English (en)
Inventor
John F Langan
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Langan Aperture Cards Inc
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Langan Aperture Cards Inc
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Publication date
Priority to NL271247D priority Critical patent/NL271247A/xx
Application filed by Langan Aperture Cards Inc filed Critical Langan Aperture Cards Inc
Priority to US70814A priority patent/US3165848A/en
Priority to GB39789/61A priority patent/GB932868A/en
Priority to BE610570A priority patent/BE610570A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3165848A publication Critical patent/US3165848A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/02—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the selection of materials, e.g. to avoid wear during transport through the machine
    • G06K19/022—Processes or apparatus therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/64—Means for mounting individual pictures to be projected, e.g. frame for transparency

Definitions

  • FIG. 10 APERTURE CARD SYSTEM Filed Nov. 21, 1960 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Riki 15 FIG. 10
  • the invention is particularly useful in mounting microfilm sections in cards that are capable of being sorted mechanically, although it is not limited to this use as explained hereinafter.
  • Various types of mechanical sorting systems are well known. The range from systems in which groups of related cards can be separated and extracted from a stack by inserting a pin or the like through aligned holes in the edges of the cards, to the elaborate and well known IBM system in which the cards are perforated according to a code and are sorted by electrically controlled apparatus responsive to the location of the perforations in the individual cards.
  • the invention also comprehends the mounting of projectionable transparencies, including all types of photographic film records, in ordinary file cards, catalog cards, and the like.
  • the present invention comprises improvements of the punch cards or aperture cards disclosed in my prior Patents Nos. 2,511,859, 2,512,106, and 2,587,022, as well as in the preparation and use of such cards.
  • Aperture cards of the type shown in these prior patents have been very widely used, especially by the United States Government.
  • a current program of standardization of the preparation and distribution of engineering data by this system, such as drawings, specifications and the like, in one particular Government field is estimated to require 90 million aperture cards initially and average annual usage thereafter of 15 million aperture cards.
  • any increase in thickness of such cards is very undesirable. Even though an applied strip of adhesive may only increase the thickness of a card by an extremely small amount, say 1/1000th of an inch, still when a deck of 1000 or more cards are stacked in a file drawer as is often the case, there will be a difference of an inch or more in the length of one side of the stack as compared with the other.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved aperture card system which not only eliminates adhesives but also provides a stronger and more permanent bond between the transparency and the card in which it is mounted.
  • Another object is to provide such an improved aperture card system which is simpler to use and requires substantially less elaborate and costly equipment, but which also remedies the defects of prior syst ms as outlined above and at the same time provides greater flexibility and adaptability in use.
  • an object of the invention to provide an improved aperture card system utilizing a blank card which is both continuous in extent (i.e., not apertured) and uniform in thickness throughout its entire area, and is characterized by the complete absence of surface stickiness, being to all intents and purposes the same as the blank cards heretofore used in non-aperture card systems in which transparencies are not mounted in the cards.
  • Another object is to provide a novel aperture card as characterized in the preceding object, and further a blank card of this type in which there is no material deterioration over prolonged periods of storage, thereby facilitating the supply of blank cards in bulk quantities for use when needed, enabling the consecutive posting at intervals of film records and the like on the same card, etc.
  • a further object is the provision of a novel blank record card as characterized above, and a novel quick, easy and inexpensive procedure for making it, whereby thermoplastic bonding material is impregnated into and beneath the surface of the fibrous card material at desired points and carried permanently thereby ready for use when needed, without material change in the exterior of the card.
  • Another object is to provide an improved method as characterized in the preceding objects which produces a stronger and more permanent bond between the transparency and the card.
  • Yet another object is to produce a thermally activated fusion or bond between the impregnating material and the material of the transparency itself, and at the same time to control the heating operation so as to avoid damage to the portion of the transparency that is to be projected.
  • Still further objects include the provision of an improved aperture card system in which the transparency is mounted in the card Without the use of adhesives that are likely to cause sticldng; in which the transparency is mounted in the card without appreciably increasing the thickness of the card; in which the bond between the transparency and the card is not only much stronger than in prior systems, but substantially as strong and practically as durable as the card itself; and in which the thermoplastic material of the edges of the transparency itself is fused integrally with a like or a comparable material impregnated into the card so as to form a substantially homogeneous body of material integral with the transparency around its edges in which the card fibers at the edges of the apertures are embedded.
  • the card may be of any suitable size and shape according to the use to which it is to be put, and it may be desired to mount one or a plurality of transparencies at selected locations.
  • the first operation in the present invention is to impregnate the card material or at least the surface layer thereof where the film is to be bonded thereto, with a thermoplastic material capable of uniting or fusing with the material of the transparency itself when both are heated suificiently to become soft and flowable under light pressure.
  • the impregnating material should be dry and non-sticky or nontacky at ordinary temperatures, say up to 200 F.
  • impregnation is accomplished by dissolving the impregnating material in a solvent at or near room temperature.
  • the use of cellulose nitrate as a film base has been abandoned in favor of cellulose acetate, and hence the impregnating material is usually required to be compatible, i.e., fusible, with the cellulose acetate forming the film base.
  • Cellulose acetate itself is the preferred impregnating material in most cases.
  • the depth to which the card will be impregnated b neath its surface will depend on factors such as the porosity of the fibrous material of the car ditself, the viscosity and surface tension of the solution, capillarity, and of course on the amount of solution applied, and can be controlled accordingly.
  • factors such as the porosity of the fibrous material of the car ditself, the viscosity and surface tension of the solution, capillarity, and of course on the amount of solution applied, and can be controlled accordingly.
  • the Zone of application of the solution must be such that the impregnating material will be located around the edges of the aperture, when it is eventually cut out. Of course, this can be accomplished by applying solution over the entire area of the aperture, but it is more economical and just as effective to distribute the solution in a strip pattern following the outline of the aperture. If a plurality of apertures are contemplated, there will be a plurality of such outlines to be followed. They may be marked on the cards or not, but at least their locations will be predetermined and known.
  • the solution can be applied in the desired strip pattern or patterns by hand by simply brushing it on the surface of the card, but usually suitable mecharu'cal applicator means will be preferred,
  • the cards may be moved in succession through a Zone of application in which the desired strip pattern application is effected by relative movement between the individual cards and suitable applicators.
  • a reciprocable stamping device with a suitable inlrer can be used, or the cards may be fed in succession through rotary printing devices; in either case the solution, colored or not, provides the ink with which the card is printed in the desired pattern.
  • the cards are ready for sale in bulk as blank cards. Except where they are preferably colored in printing, they are outwardly exactly the same as the original cards, without stickiness, wi
  • the transparency When it comes to mounting a transparency in a blank card of the above type, the transparency is prepared in any suitable way. For example, it nay require edge trinimin to provide the desired size and shape, which obviously can be done by hand if desired. In cutting out transparencies from a roll of film or the like, however, suitable die-cutting apparatus, either hand or power operated, will usually be preferred.
  • the cards can be fed one by one to a die in position such that operation of the die cuts the aperture with its edges lying in the strip pattern of impregnant.
  • Any desired type of feeding mechanism can be used, or the cards can be fed by land. For most purposes a simple reciprocating die is satisfactory; it
  • the male die part may fit rather loosely in the female die part sothat the cut edges of the aperture tend to be somewhat ragged rather than smooth, as this effect 801 .etimes appears to improve the bon ing action.
  • the transparency is placed over the aperture with its overlapping the margins of the card around the aperture by a small amount, say nd to th of an inch.
  • the base side of the transparency as distinguished from the side coated with the ligh -sensitive emulsion, is placed next to the card, usually on the back side of the card although it can be on the front side if desired.
  • the transparency is usually laid on the top of the card, Whichever side thereof may be upward. Bonding is then accomplished by a combination of heat and pressure, the zone of pressure application being restricted substantially to the overlapping areas of tie transparency and card.
  • the heating means are so arranged, as by means of heat-conductive distributing plates, for example, that heat is restricted substantially to the marginal overlapping portions of the card and film.
  • Electrical heating means such as coiled Nichrome wires may underlie the heat distributing'plates and may be connected with suitable energizing circuits capable of producing flash heating for short periods, usu ally only a few seconds.
  • the impregnated cellulose acetate and the cellulose acetate base of the lm soften and become sernlliquid and thermoplastic to an extent depending on the temperature attained. This may take place at temperatu es in the range of 66 C.l00 C., although the melting point is much higher.
  • the softened cellulose base of the merges with the likewise softened cellulose acetate impregnated into the card and the total quantity of cellulose acetate hardens into a homogeneous integral body with the cardboard fibers embedded therein upon cooling.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial illustration of an apertured card of the well known IBM type, having a transparency such as a section of microfilm mounted in an aperture therein.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a suitable blank card impregnated in strip pattern outlining two apertures for eventual mounting of two difierent transparencies, and also indicating in dot and dash lines possible variations in the size, number and location of apertures that might be desired under dilferent conditions;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates diagrammatically a suitable method of applying the impregnating liquid to the cards
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a suitable type of applicator device to be used as shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a section on the line 55 of FIG. 2, showing the impregnation of the card
  • FIG. 6 illustrates diagrammatically the operation of die-cutting the aperture in the card
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the operation of applying microfilm section to the aperture preparatory to bonding
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate successive stages in the bonding operation, using resistance heating
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged detail sectional view showing the resulting bond.
  • FIG. 11 shows diagrammatically the presently pre ferred method of making the card shown in FIG. 10 by dielectric heating or so-called electronic welding.
  • the card shown in FIG. 1 is a punch card of known type currently in use with machine sorting equipment and bears on its face vertical columns of numerals from zero to nine, the number of such columns being as many as 75-80.
  • each numeral represents a location which can be punched according to a pre-arranged code so that the cards can thereafter be sorted mechanically by devices which sense the locations of the punched-out openings.
  • an aperture 2 Located at any suitable point in the card 1 is an aperture 2 of any desired size and shape corresponding to the transparency to be mounted.
  • the particular location of the aperture that is shown in FIG. 1 is for purposes of illustration only and has no significance, any desired location being selected according to the requirements of intended use of the card. Of course,.the selected location must take into account the code punching requirements, since the area selected for the aperture can not be used for punching in the normal manner.
  • the transparency 3 covers the aperture 2 and is bonded to the edges of the aperture throughout an overlapping area of suitable extent, as indicated by the dotted line 4.
  • the transparency may be of any desired type, and for purposes of the followingdescription it is assumed by way of example to be a microfilm of an engineering drawing which can be projected by exposing the card 1 to a suitable source of light. Any desired number of prints of any desired size can also be made from the card before it is returned to storage.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates by way of example possible locations of two apertures which are outlined by the impregnated strip patterns 5 and 6 shown as stippled areas in the figure.
  • the dotted lines 7 and 8 show the intended locations of the edges of the apertures that will eventually be cut when the time comes to mount microfilm sections or like transparencies in the manner shown in FIG. 1.
  • the strip pattern 5 corresponds substantially to the location of the single aperture shown in FIG. 1, and thus represents a blank card as it would be manufactured and sold in quantity for the eventual preparation of a series of cards of the FIG. 1 type.
  • back of the card i.e., the side opposite 8 the face on which the numerals in FIG. 1 appear.
  • the film section when eventually mounted, will be applied to the back of the card.
  • the second strip pattern 6 is shown to illustrate the possibility of mounting more than one film section in a single card, Whenever desired. It will be understood from the foregoing description that it is not necessary to mount both cards simultaneously. For example, it may be desired to cut out the aperture along the dotted line '7 and mount one film section in this aperture as shown in FIG. 1, leaving the card intact at the location of the'strip pattern 6 until some indefinite future time when it may become desirable to cut out the second aperture along the line 8.
  • the series of dotted rectangles 9 illustrate other possible variations of the location, size and shape of apertures.
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically a type of equipment that can be used for this purpose.
  • blank cards 1 are fed lengthwise in succession by means of a suitable conveyor 1t? driven by a roll 11 and pass into the throat formed between a backing roll 12 and an applicator roll 13 which are rotated simultaneously in the directions shown by the arrows.
  • FIG. 4- shows more clearly, although still diagrammatically, a suitable arrangement of the applicators 14 on the roll 13 for making strip patterns of the type shown in FIG. 2.
  • the circumferential bands at the ends of roll 13 will apply the horizontal strips of the rectangular stippled patterns 5 and 6 of FIG. 2 while the axial strips 18 will apply the vertical strips. It will be, evident that by such means, blank cards such as illustrated in FIG. 2 can be produced very rapidly and in large quantities at low cost.
  • FIG. 5 is a section taken on the line 55 of FIG. 2 for the purpose of illustrating the effect of the printing operation shown in FIG. 3.
  • the stippled area 19 of FIG. 5 shows the impregnation of the card 1 to a suitable depth by the solution from the bath 16, the solvent evaporating rapidly after impregnation and depositing the desired impregnant such as cellulose acetate in the fibers of the card.
  • the dotted line 20 in FIG. 5 corresponds to the dotted line 7 in FIG. 2, these lines being shown in both cases merely to illustrate where the cut will eventually be made to form the aperture.
  • the operation of cutting out the aperture can be performed by hand as already stated, but ordinarily will be performed by means of a suitable cutting or punching die as illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 6.
  • the card 1 is shown lying on a bed plate 21 in which the die opening 22 is formed.
  • the die member 23 has its end 24 suitable shaped to co-operate with the die opening 22 and to cut out a section of the card 1 predetermined along lines such as the dotted line 7 of FIG. 2, thus forming the desired aperture.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 illustrate the subsequent operation of mounting a transparency in the aperture cut out by the die mechanism of FIG. 6;
  • a transparency in the aperture cut out by the die mechanism of FIG. 6;
  • microfilm has been illustrated in these figures, this film comprising the usual base 26 of cellulose acetate coated on one side by a light-sensitive emulsion 27.
  • the film section is placed against the back of the card with the base 26 next to the card andthe emulsion coating 27 facing outwardly.
  • the cellulose acetate base 26 overlapping the impregnated edges 19 of the aperture.
  • the extent .of'the overlap can vary as desired. For most purposes, using cellulose acetate as an impregnant and microfilm as a transparency, an overlap from to is sufficient to provide a satisfactory bond, but more overlap can be used if desired.
  • the bonding operation can be performed as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 by means of pressure applied by a suitable ram 28 and heat supplied simultaneously by a suitable metallic distributing plate 29 and heating coils 30.
  • a suitable ram 28 As shown in FIG. 8, the area of application of pressure by the ham head 28 is sufiicient to cover the area of overlap of the film and card at the edges of the aperture.
  • the application of heat is also restricted substantially to this area by means of the distributing plate 29,
  • FIG. 9 shows the bonding operation in which the ram head has been lowered to apply pressure to and to squeeze together the card and film over their overlapping areas, while simultaneously applying heat to these areas by means of the coils 30.
  • the temperature to which the base material of the film and the impregnant in the card are heated should be restricted to the point at which these materials become sufiiciently soft and plastic to merge or fuse together under the applied pressure, since fuuther heating to a point at which they might be more fluid would involve the risk of damaging the film and the card as already explained above.
  • Nichrome coils 30 and a pressure of the order of several hundred pounds i.e.
  • the desired temperature can readily be attained in a brief period of the order of -10 seconds of energization of the heating coils.
  • the softening point varies from about 6097 C. whereas the actual melting point is about 260 C.
  • Such higher temperatures are unnecessary since the softening of the cellulose acetate, together with the application of pressure produces the-desired re sult as explained below.
  • a card 1 of the type illustrated in FIG. 1 mayhave an initial thickness of the order of 0.007 inch and may be compressed at the edge of the aperture to a thickness of the order of 0.005 to 0.006 inch depending upon the amount of heat utilized and the amountof pressure applied.
  • the microfilrn zd, 27 may have an initial thickness of the order of 0.0055 inch, a major portion of which is the cellulose acetate base 26.
  • the base 26 softens andbecornes thermoplastic so that the pressure not only compresses the edge of the card as already explained, but also tends to squeeze at least part of the sofitened base material of the film itself out of the joint between the overlapping surfaces of the fihn and the card.
  • the base 26 softens andbecornes thermoplastic so that the pressure not only compresses the edge of the card as already explained, but also tends to squeeze at least part of the sofitened base material of the film itself out of the joint between the overlapping surfaces of the fihn and the card.
  • lapping edge portion 32 of the film is also reduced substantially as indicated in FIG. 10,'sincea substantial part of the cellulose acetate basehas been squeezed out laterally as indicated at 33, or inwardly around the edges of the aperture at 34.
  • the combined thickness of the compressed edge of the card and the overlapping edge 32 of the film is not materially greater than the original thickness of the card 1 alone. This is possible because the major thickness of the film section throughout the area of the aperture is depressed into the aperture as shown in FIG. 10, leaving a substantially flush upper surface.
  • the bonding action results from the fact that the softened cellulose acetate from the film base 26 and the softened cellulose acetate of the impregnated zone 19 in the card are squeezed together under pressure and merge or coalesce into a homogeneous integral mass of material in which at least the surface fibers of the card are embedded. It is not necessary to force the softened base material of the film into the card fibers so as to effect impregnation. This would be difficult if not impossible to achieve because of the dense compact texture of the card itself, especially since the base material of the film cannot be heated to a high temperature so as to obtain greater fluidity without the risk of serious heat damage to the card and/or the film.
  • zone 19 Since zone 19 is already impregnated with cellulose acetate, however, it is only neces sary to bring the, contacting masses of cellulose acetate to a sufiiciently softened state that they will coalesce under moderate pressure in order to obtain the desired bond.
  • the aperture in the electrode 35 is filled with a suitable plastic material ll) to hold the film fiat while the bonding action is taking place. Pressure is also applied, as indicatedby the arrows 41.
  • a card having a continuous uninterrupted fibrous card structure throughout and surrounding one of said areas, a portion of said uninterrupted fibrous structure con taining heat-sensitive potentially adhesive material im pregnated therein and distributed between and around the fibers of said structure beneath one surface of said card, said impregnating material being non-sticky at normal temperature but heat-softenable to adhere to and hold the section to be mounted, said material being an ranged in a pattern of strips surrounding and outlining the aperture subsequently to be formed in said card.
  • said impregnat ing material comprising cellulose acetate impregnating the fibrous material of the card throughout a major portion of its thickness from the side of the card on which said section is to be mounted, whereby said aperture is cut through and exposes said impregnated fibrous material.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
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US70814A 1960-11-21 1960-11-21 Aperture card system Expired - Lifetime US3165848A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL271247D NL271247A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1960-11-21
US70814A US3165848A (en) 1960-11-21 1960-11-21 Aperture card system
GB39789/61A GB932868A (en) 1960-11-21 1961-11-07 Aperture record card system
BE610570A BE610570A (fr) 1960-11-21 1961-11-21 Perfectionnements apportés au montage des dispositives

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US70814A US3165848A (en) 1960-11-21 1960-11-21 Aperture card system

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3275439A (en) * 1962-07-02 1966-09-27 Ibm Method of updating a record member
US3373265A (en) * 1962-12-12 1968-03-12 Bell & Howell Co Information storage and retrieval process and coded record card therefor
US3553439A (en) * 1967-10-04 1971-01-05 Bellhow Jackets Inc Microfiche master having magnetic tracks
US3645823A (en) * 1968-11-27 1972-02-29 Kalle Ag Process for forming a microfiche
US3773511A (en) * 1969-10-14 1973-11-20 Microseal Corp Film record card system
US3944418A (en) * 1971-01-11 1976-03-16 Dennison Manufacturing Company Microelectrophotographic method
US20040237361A1 (en) * 2000-08-17 2004-12-02 Hallmark Cards, Incorporated Card with glued-in translucent insert and method for making same

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2294159A (en) * 1940-07-31 1942-08-25 Polaroid Corp Method of laminating porous and plastic materials
US2612711A (en) * 1949-06-23 1952-10-07 Filmsort Inc Card structure and method of making same
US2633654A (en) * 1949-04-08 1953-04-07 Filmsort Inc Card structure
US2633655A (en) * 1945-08-14 1953-04-07 Filmsort Inc Record card
US2690021A (en) * 1949-08-17 1954-09-28 Filmsort Inc Film record card and method and apparatus for its production
US2977017A (en) * 1958-07-28 1961-03-28 P C I Inc Microfilm record card

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2294159A (en) * 1940-07-31 1942-08-25 Polaroid Corp Method of laminating porous and plastic materials
US2633655A (en) * 1945-08-14 1953-04-07 Filmsort Inc Record card
US2633654A (en) * 1949-04-08 1953-04-07 Filmsort Inc Card structure
US2612711A (en) * 1949-06-23 1952-10-07 Filmsort Inc Card structure and method of making same
US2690021A (en) * 1949-08-17 1954-09-28 Filmsort Inc Film record card and method and apparatus for its production
US2977017A (en) * 1958-07-28 1961-03-28 P C I Inc Microfilm record card

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3275439A (en) * 1962-07-02 1966-09-27 Ibm Method of updating a record member
US3373265A (en) * 1962-12-12 1968-03-12 Bell & Howell Co Information storage and retrieval process and coded record card therefor
US3553439A (en) * 1967-10-04 1971-01-05 Bellhow Jackets Inc Microfiche master having magnetic tracks
US3645823A (en) * 1968-11-27 1972-02-29 Kalle Ag Process for forming a microfiche
US3773511A (en) * 1969-10-14 1973-11-20 Microseal Corp Film record card system
US3944418A (en) * 1971-01-11 1976-03-16 Dennison Manufacturing Company Microelectrophotographic method
US20040237361A1 (en) * 2000-08-17 2004-12-02 Hallmark Cards, Incorporated Card with glued-in translucent insert and method for making same

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GB932868A (en) 1963-07-31
NL271247A (enrdf_load_html_response)

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