US3162680A - 1-(5-glutamyl)-2-(phenyl)-lower alkyl hydrazines - Google Patents

1-(5-glutamyl)-2-(phenyl)-lower alkyl hydrazines Download PDF

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US3162680A
US3162680A US781422A US78142258A US3162680A US 3162680 A US3162680 A US 3162680A US 781422 A US781422 A US 781422A US 78142258 A US78142258 A US 78142258A US 3162680 A US3162680 A US 3162680A
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John H Biel
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C275/00—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C275/28—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
    • C07C275/42—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton being further substituted by carboxyl groups

Definitions

  • Y is a straight or branched alkylene group, advisably of 12 or less carbons although it generally is of 5 or less carbons, such as of the group:
  • R is hydrogen or a substituent of the group consisting of:
  • Aryl groups such as the phenyl group and nuclear substituted phenyl groups such as halophenyl, alkoxyphenyl, hydroxyphenyl, o-acyloxyphenyl, aminophenyl, acetylaminophenyl, diand trialkoxyphenyl groups and lower alkylenedioxyphenyl groups and especially the 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl, o-acetoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, p aminophenyl, p acetylaminophenyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl, dirnethoxyphenyl, p-chlorophenyl, p-hydroxyphenyl, p-methoxyphenyl and o-methylphenyl groups.
  • phenyl group and nuclear substituted phenyl groups such as halophenyl, alkoxyphenyl, hydroxyphenyl, o-acyloxyphenyl, aminophenyl, acety
  • Aralkyl groups such as phenyl-lower alkyl groups including the benzyl, phenethyl, phenylisopropyl, phenylbutyl, o-methylbenzyl, Z-propenylphenyl, 2-phenyl-l-aminoethyl, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-l-aminoethyl, 3-phenyl-2-amino-2-propyl 2-( 3,4 methylenedioxyphenyl) 1 aminoethyl, and
  • Heterocyclic groups such as the pyridyl, quinolyl, cinchonyl, 4-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, 3-indolyl, Z-indolyl, 5-hydroXy-3-indolyl, S-methoXy-l-benZyl-3-indolyl, 1 benzyl-2,5-dimethoxy-3- indolyl, isoXazolyl, imidazolyl, 2-(3-indolyl)-1- amino-ethyl, S-keto-Z-pyrrolidinyl, S-pyrrolidyl and l-methyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidyl groups.
  • Alkynyl groups and particularly lower alkynyl groups such as the propargyl group.
  • Aminoalkyl groups such as aminomethyl, fl-arni noethyl, alpha-aminoethyl, 3-(methylmercapto)-laminopropyl, 4-methyl-l-aminobutyl, 3-hydroXy-laminopropyl and 3-methyl-3-hydroxy-l-ammopro- Py
  • Omega-carboxy-(amino)-alkyl groups such as Z-carboxy-l-aminoethyl, 3-carboxy-l-aminopropyl,
  • Carboxyalkyl groups such as the carboxy-lower alkyl groups including the carboxyethyl group.
  • R is hydrogen or at least one nuclear substituent on the phenyl group such as a:
  • Aryl group such as the phenyl group.
  • Aryloxy group such as the phenoxy group.
  • Aralkyl group as the benzyl or phenethyl group.
  • Some specific compounds which may be used as described are l-phenylmethyl-Z-acetyl hydrazine, l-phenylethyl-2-propionyl hydrazine, l-phenylpropyl-Z-benzoyl hydrazine, 1-phenylisopropyl-2-cyclohexanecarboxyl hydrazine, 1-p-chlorophenylmethyl-Z-phenylacetyl hydrazine, lp-methoxyphenylhexyl-Z-p-chlorophenylpropionyl hydrazine, 1-phenylisopropyl-Z-isonicotinyl hydrazine, l-phenylbutyl-Z-(Z-pyrrolecarboxyl)hydrazine, 1 phenyloctyl 2- nicotinyl hydrazine, 1-phenylethyl-2-(2-pyrazinylcarboxy
  • the most potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors of Formula I are those in which Y has no more than three carbons between the phenyl and hydrazine moieties.
  • These l-phenylalkyl-2-acyl hydrazines have an etfect on the heart.
  • the compounds are useful in the treatment of aperson in a'state of shock.
  • hypotensor agents when administered to humans and thus are useful in the treatment of hypertension. In the dog, however, they raise the blood pressure.
  • N- pyrrolidone-Z-carboxyl) N-(1-phenyl-2-propyl)-hydrazine is particularly active and, in addition, is faster acting in humans than iproniazid.
  • the compounds of this invention are useful for potentiating other therapeutic agents, such as phenothiazine tranquilizers like promazine and chloropromazine.
  • the compounds of this invention are themselves potentiated by chlorothiazide so that a greater hypotensor activity is obtained.
  • the l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines may be administered to animals and humans as pure compounds. It is advisable, however, to first combine one or more of the novel compounds with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier to attain a more satisfactory size to dosage relationship.
  • compositions which are liquid or solid may be used.
  • the preferred liquid carrier is water. Flavoring materials may be included in the solutions as desired.
  • Solid pharmaceutical carriers such as starch, sugar talc and the like may be used to form powders.
  • the powders may be used as such for direct administration to a patient or, instead, the powders may be added to suitable foods and liquids, including water, to facilitate administration.
  • the powders may also be used to make tablets, or to fill gelatin capsules.
  • Suitable lubricants like magnesium stearate, binders such as gelatin, and disintegrating agents like sodium carbonate in combination with citric acid may be used to form the tablets.
  • Unit dosage forms such as tablets and capsules may contain any suitable predetermined amount of one or more of the l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines as a nontoxic acid addition salt and may be administered one or more at a time at regular intervals. Such unit dosage forms, however, should generally contain a cencentration of 0.1% to 10% by weight of one or more of the active hydrazines.
  • Dosages of from about 1 mg. to 50 mg. may be administered to obtain the stated activities. However, the recommended dosages are from 3 to 12 mg. daily. Larger dosages may be administered on an interrupted schedule but generally not more than 50 mg. and preferably not more than 25 mg. is administered daily.
  • a typical tablet may have the composition:
  • N- 5-pyrrolidone-Z-carboxyl) -N'-( l-phenyl- 2-propyl)-hydrazine may be used in this procedure to form tablets containing it as the active ingredient.
  • Capsules may be prepared by filling No. 3 hard gelatin capsules with the following ingredients, thoroughly mixed:
  • the oral route is preferred for administering the active l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines.
  • one or more of the l-phenylalkyl-2-acyl hydrazines is administered simultaneously with, or concomitantly to, the administration of either tryptophan and/or phenylalanine to an animal or human.
  • Tryptophan passes the blood-brain barrier and is converted in the brain to serotonin. Serotonin is not administered directly since it cannot pass the blood-brain barrier.
  • phenylalanine passes the blood-brain barrier and is converted in the brain to norepinephrine. Norepinephrine itself will not pass the blood-brain barrier so it is not given directly.
  • the monoamine oxadase inhibitory property of the hydrazine retards or prevents the degradation of serotonin and/or norepinephrine which 6 are produced in the brain from the said amino acids.
  • the serotonin and norepinephrine levels are thus not only raised but are maintained at the increased level by the described treatment.
  • Any suitable amounts of tryptophan and/ or phenylalanine may be administered since these materials are nontoxic.
  • One or more of these materials advisably combined with one or more of the active hydrazines into suitable pharmaceutical formulations.
  • This method of preparing the l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines comprises reacting the hydrazine with a phenylalkyl ketone or aldehyde to form a 1-ara1kylidenyl-2-acyl hydrazine and reducing the hydrazone to the desired l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines.
  • This process may be represented as follows:
  • phenylalkyl ketones or aldehydes which may be used in this process are phenylacetaldehyde, phenylpropionaldehyde, phenylbutyraldehyde, phenylacetal, phenylvaleraldehyde, phenylethanone, phenylacetone, 1,3- diphenyl 2 propanone, phenylpentanone and p-chlorophenylbutanone and similar compounds containing one or more nuclear groups on the phenyl group, such as represented by R in the Formula I.
  • acyl hydrazines which may be used in the process are'acetyl hydrazine, propionyl hydrazine, benzoyl hydrazine, cyclohexanecarboxyl hydrazine, phenylacetyl hydrazine, isonicotinyl hydrazine, pyrrolcarboxyl hydrazine, nicotinyl hydrazine, benziloyl hydrazine, dicyclohexylglycolyl hydrazine and the like.
  • Reaction between the phenylalkyl ketone or aldehyde and the acyl hydrazine is conveniently efiected by contacting the reactants in the presence of water or a lower alcohol.
  • the reaction proceeds at room temperature although slightly elevated temperatures such as the reflux temperature may be employed to increase the rate of reaction.
  • the product generally an oil as the free base, may be salted out with an alkali metal hydroxide and extracted with a water immiscible organic solvent such as ether.
  • a water immiscible organic solvent such as ether.
  • the product is readily isolated by distillation under reduced pressure.
  • the intermediate hydrazones may be reduced to the corresponding hydrazines by use of a suitable reducing agent.
  • a suitable reducing agent Lithium alumirnun hydride may be used although catalytic hydrogenation is recommended. With lithium aluminum hydride, the reduction may be conveniently eflected by intimately combining the reactants in an inert organic solvent such as anhydrous ether, diox-ane, or tetrahydrofuran. Elevated temperatures such as the reflux temperature enhance the reaction. At reflux temperature, from 1 to 8 hours is usually suificient to substantially complete the reaction. After the reaction is terminated, water may be added to the mixture to decompose excess lithium aluminum hydride. To recover the product, the organic phase is separated and the aqueous residue extracted with the same solvent. The organic phase and extracts then may be combined, dried, and the product distilled.
  • an inert organic solvent such as anhydrous ether, diox-ane, or tetrahydrofuran. Elevated
  • Catalytic reduction is readily achieved using catalysts such as rhodium, platinum oxide, palladium and the like in solvents such as methanol, ethanol, tctrahydroturan,
  • Raney nickel is not a particularly suitable catalyst since undue cleavage occurs.
  • Hydrogen pressures of about 50 to 3000 p.s.i. may be used.
  • the temperature of reduction may be room temperature of increased temperatures such as up to C.
  • Hydrazines such as those named above, may be formed in this way.
  • EXAMPLE 5 1 (5 -Pyrr0lid0ne -2 '-Carb0xyl2-Benzylidenyl H ydrazine 7
  • EXAMPLE 6 1 '-Pyrr0lidone) -2-Carboxyl] -2-Benzyl H ydrazine
  • a methanol solution containing 0.10 mole of the benzylidene derivative of Example 5 was subjected to hydrogenation at 40 p.s.i. of hydrogen in the presence of 0.1 g. of platinum oxide catalyst. Hydrogenation was discontinued as soon as the theoretical amount of hydrogen had been absorbed, to prevent cleavage of the benzyl group.
  • the catalyst was removed by filtration and the solvent removed by distillation. The residue was an oil which did not readily crystallize.
  • EXAMPLE 7 J-(S-Glutamyl)-2-(AIpl1a-Plzenyl)-Ethyl Hydrazine
  • Ethyl glutamate was converted to the hydrazide in the usual manner.
  • the hydrazide was reacted with acetophenone by mixing equirnolar quantities of glutamic acid hydrazide with acetophenone in methylisobutylcarbinol and refluxing the mixture for several hours.
  • the solvent was removed by distillation in vacuo and the residue taken up in methanol.
  • the methanol solution was subjected to hydrogenation in the usual manner being careful, however, to allow only the theoretical amount of hydrogen to be absorbed.
  • the hydrogenation catalyst was removed by filtration and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo.
  • the residual product was a low melting solid.
  • Example 2 l-benzoyl hydrazine was reacted with l-phenyl-Z-propanone following the method of Example 1 and the resulting phenylisopropylidene derivative reduced catalytically as in Example 2 to yield the desired product.
  • EXAMPLE 11 The acyl hydrazone (12.95 g.) of Example 10 was reduced with 0.50 g. of PtO in 200 cc. of ethanol at 60 lbs. of hydrogen. The solvent was removed by distillation and the residue crystallized from ether. The solid was recrystallized from acetonitrile, M.P. 160 C.
  • EXAMPLE 14 1-Nicotinyl-2-Phenylis0pr0pylidenyl H ydrazine
  • EXAMPLE 16 l-Pic0linyl-2-Phenylisopropylidenyl H ydrazine This compound was prepared from picolinic acid hydrazide and 1-phenyl-2-propanone by the procedure of Example 1; yield M.P. 145146 C.
  • the dihydrochloride salt melted at 189-190 C.

Description

United States Patent 3,162,68t9 1-(5-GLUTAMYE)-Z-(FHENYD-LGWER ALKYL HYDRAZWES .lohn H. Biol, Milwaukee, Wis, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Colgate-Palmolive Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Dec. 19, $58, Ser. No. 781,422 4 tllaims. (Cl. 26tl--518) This invention relates to hydrazine derivatives. More particularly, this invention is concerned with l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines and the use of these compounds as psychotherapeutic agents. The invention is also con cerned with novel pharmaceutical compositions containing a l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazine.
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Serial No. 716,878, filed Februar 24, 1958, now abandoned.
It has now been discovered according to the present invention that 1-phenylalkyl-2 acyl hydrazines of the formula s wherein Y is an alkylene group,
; chemical transmitters in, or stimulants of, the central nervous system. A deficiency of available serotonin or norepinephrine in the brain, such as can be caused by metabolism or degradation of these agents by monoamine oxidase, may result in parasympathetic predominance present in depressed mental states. By preventing or retarding destruction of serotonin and norepinephrine through the use of l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines the levels of these neurohumoral agents present in the body are maintained higher for longer periods of time so that sympathetic characteristics such as increased awareness and motility result.
Representative of some of the l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines of the formula (H) @Y-NHNHCR R1 which have the described psychotherapeutic activities, ad-
visably as nontoxic acid addition salts, are compounds in which Y, R and R have the following significance:
3 ,162,686 Patented Dee. 22, 1964 (1) Y is a straight or branched alkylene group, advisably of 12 or less carbons although it generally is of 5 or less carbons, such as of the group:
(2) R is hydrogen or a substituent of the group consisting of:
(a) Alkyl groups from 1 to 15 carbons and advisably lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl and the like.
([2) Aryl groups such as the phenyl group and nuclear substituted phenyl groups such as halophenyl, alkoxyphenyl, hydroxyphenyl, o-acyloxyphenyl, aminophenyl, acetylaminophenyl, diand trialkoxyphenyl groups and lower alkylenedioxyphenyl groups and especially the 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl, o-acetoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, p aminophenyl, p acetylaminophenyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl, dirnethoxyphenyl, p-chlorophenyl, p-hydroxyphenyl, p-methoxyphenyl and o-methylphenyl groups.
(0) Aralkyl groups such as phenyl-lower alkyl groups including the benzyl, phenethyl, phenylisopropyl, phenylbutyl, o-methylbenzyl, Z-propenylphenyl, 2-phenyl-l-aminoethyl, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-l-aminoethyl, 3-phenyl-2-amino-2-propyl 2-( 3,4 methylenedioxyphenyl) 1 aminoethyl, and
l-phenyl-Z-hydroxyethyl groups.
(d) Cycloalkyl groups such as the cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups.
(e) Heterocyclic groups such as the pyridyl, quinolyl, cinchonyl, 4-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, 3-indolyl, Z-indolyl, 5-hydroXy-3-indolyl, S-methoXy-l-benZyl-3-indolyl, 1 benzyl-2,5-dimethoxy-3- indolyl, isoXazolyl, imidazolyl, 2-(3-indolyl)-1- amino-ethyl, S-keto-Z-pyrrolidinyl, S-pyrrolidyl and l-methyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidyl groups.
(f) Aralkenyl groups such as the phenylethenyl group.
(g) Hydroxyalkyl groups such as the hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl groups.
(h) Cycloalkyl-lower alkyl groups such as the cyclopentylpropyl and cyclohexylrnethyl groups.
(1) Alkynyl groups and particularly lower alkynyl groups such as the propargyl group.
(k) Groups in which represents a dicyclic glycolyl group including the benziloyl, phenylcyclohexyl glycolyl, phenylcyclopentyl glycolyl, 2-thienyl phenyl glycolyl and dicyclohexyl glycolyl groups. (I) Aminoalkyl groups such as aminomethyl, fl-arni noethyl, alpha-aminoethyl, 3-(methylmercapto)-laminopropyl, 4-methyl-l-aminobutyl, 3-hydroXy-laminopropyl and 3-methyl-3-hydroxy-l-ammopro- Py (m) Omega-carboxy-(amino)-alkyl groups such as Z-carboxy-l-aminoethyl, 3-carboxy-l-aminopropyl,
and 3-carboXy-3-amino-l-propyl. (n) Carboxyalkyl groups such as the carboxy-lower alkyl groups including the carboxyethyl group. (3) R is hydrogen or at least one nuclear substituent on the phenyl group such as a:
(a) Lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and the like. (b) Lower alkoxy group such as methoxy, ethoxy,
and the like. Halogen such as bromine or chlorine. (d) The hydroxy group. (e) A lower alkylenedioxy group such as the 3,4-
methylene dioxy group. (f) Aryl group such as the phenyl group. (g) Aryloxy group such as the phenoxy group. (h) Aralkyl group as the benzyl or phenethyl group.
Some specific compounds which may be used as described are l-phenylmethyl-Z-acetyl hydrazine, l-phenylethyl-2-propionyl hydrazine, l-phenylpropyl-Z-benzoyl hydrazine, 1-phenylisopropyl-2-cyclohexanecarboxyl hydrazine, 1-p-chlorophenylmethyl-Z-phenylacetyl hydrazine, lp-methoxyphenylhexyl-Z-p-chlorophenylpropionyl hydrazine, 1-phenylisopropyl-Z-isonicotinyl hydrazine, l-phenylbutyl-Z-(Z-pyrrolecarboxyl)hydrazine, 1 phenyloctyl 2- nicotinyl hydrazine, 1-phenylethyl-2-(2-pyrazinylcarboxyl) hydrazine, l-o-methylphenylisopropyl-2-cinnamoyl hydrazine, 1 phenylisopropyl-Z-hydroxyacetyl hydrazine, lphenylethyl-Z-cyclohexylacetyl hydrazine, l-phenylmethyl- 2-acrylyl hydrazine, 1-phenylisopropyl-2-benziloyl hydrazine, 1-phenylethyl-2-dicyclohexyl glycolyl hydrazine, 1- phenylpropyl2-furanecarboxyl hydrazine, l-benzilyl-2- phenylisopropyl hydrazine, 1-(S-pyrrolidone)-2'-carboxyl- 2-benzyl hydrazine, l-glutamyl-Z-(alphaphenyl)-ethyl hydrazine, 1-benzoyl-Z-phenylisopropyl hydrazine, N-(S-pyrrolidone-Z-carboxyl)-N-(l phenyl-2-propyl) hydrazine, N-(S-L-glutamyl)-N-(l-phenyl-2-propyl) hydrazine, 1- nicotinyl-Z-phenylisopropyl hydrazine, 1-picolinyl-2- phenylisopropyl hydrazine and 1-palmitoyl-2-phenylisopropyl hydrazine.
The most potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors of Formula I are those in which Y has no more than three carbons between the phenyl and hydrazine moieties.
These l-phenylalkyl-2-acyl hydrazines have an etfect on the heart. The compounds are useful in the treatment of aperson in a'state of shock.
These compounds are hypotensor agents when administered to humans and thus are useful in the treatment of hypertension. In the dog, however, they raise the blood pressure.
Many of these compounds are many times more potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors than iproniazid. N- pyrrolidone-Z-carboxyl) N-(1-phenyl-2-propyl)-hydrazine is particularly active and, in addition, is faster acting in humans than iproniazid.
The compounds of this invention are useful for potentiating other therapeutic agents, such as phenothiazine tranquilizers like promazine and chloropromazine.
When a l-phenyl-Z-acyl hydrazine is administered to an animal followed by a barbiturate, the sedative action of the barbiturate is potentiated;
The compounds of this invention are themselves potentiated by chlorothiazide so that a greater hypotensor activity is obtained.
These compounds are also useful in treating angina pecteris.
These compounds in general are neutral rather than basic compounds. If there is an additional group of a basic nature present such as the compound of Example 2 following nontoxic acid addition salt such as the hydrochloride, hydrobrornide, phosphate, fumarate or sulfate may be readily prepared.
The l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines may be administered to animals and humans as pure compounds. It is advisable, however, to first combine one or more of the novel compounds with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier to attain a more satisfactory size to dosage relationship.
Pharmaceutical carriers which are liquid or solid may be used. The preferred liquid carrier is water. Flavoring materials may be included in the solutions as desired.
Solid pharmaceutical carriers such as starch, sugar talc and the like may be used to form powders. The powders may be used as such for direct administration to a patient or, instead, the powders may be added to suitable foods and liquids, including water, to facilitate administration.
The powders may also be used to make tablets, or to fill gelatin capsules. Suitable lubricants like magnesium stearate, binders such as gelatin, and disintegrating agents like sodium carbonate in combination with citric acid may be used to form the tablets.
Unit dosage forms such as tablets and capsules may contain any suitable predetermined amount of one or more of the l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines as a nontoxic acid addition salt and may be administered one or more at a time at regular intervals. Such unit dosage forms, however, should generally contain a cencentration of 0.1% to 10% by weight of one or more of the active hydrazines.
Dosages of from about 1 mg. to 50 mg. may be administered to obtain the stated activities. However, the recommended dosages are from 3 to 12 mg. daily. Larger dosages may be administered on an interrupted schedule but generally not more than 50 mg. and preferably not more than 25 mg. is administered daily.
A typical tablet may have the composition:
Mg. (1) l-isonicotinyl-2-phenylisopropyl hydrazine HCl 10 (2) Starch, U.S.P. 57 (3) Lactose, U.S.P. 73 (4) Talc, U.S.P. 9 (5) Stearic acid 6 Powders 1, 2 and 3 are slugged, then granulated, mixed with 4 and 5, and tableted.
Similarly, N- 5-pyrrolidone-Z-carboxyl) -N'-( l-phenyl- 2-propyl)-hydrazine may be used in this procedure to form tablets containing it as the active ingredient.
Capsules may be prepared by filling No. 3 hard gelatin capsules with the following ingredients, thoroughly mixed:
Mg. (1) l-acetyl-2-phenylethyl hydrazine HCl 5 (2) Lactose, U.S.P. 200 (3) Starch, U.S.P. 16 (4) Talc, U.S.P. 8
The oral route is preferred for administering the active l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines.
According to a further embodiment of this invention one or more of the l-phenylalkyl-2-acyl hydrazines is administered simultaneously with, or concomitantly to, the administration of either tryptophan and/or phenylalanine to an animal or human. Tryptophan passes the blood-brain barrier and is converted in the brain to serotonin. Serotonin is not administered directly since it cannot pass the blood-brain barrier. Similarly, phenylalanine passes the blood-brain barrier and is converted in the brain to norepinephrine. Norepinephrine itself will not pass the blood-brain barrier so it is not given directly. By the administration of an active l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazine simultaneously with, or concomitantly to, either tryptophan or phenylalanine the monoamine oxadase inhibitory property of the hydrazine retards or prevents the degradation of serotonin and/or norepinephrine which 6 are produced in the brain from the said amino acids. The serotonin and norepinephrine levels are thus not only raised but are maintained at the increased level by the described treatment.
Any suitable amounts of tryptophan and/ or phenylalanine may be administered since these materials are nontoxic. One or more of these materials advisably combined with one or more of the active hydrazines into suitable pharmaceutical formulations.
This method of preparing the l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines comprises reacting the hydrazine with a phenylalkyl ketone or aldehyde to form a 1-ara1kylidenyl-2-acyl hydrazine and reducing the hydrazone to the desired l-phenylalkyl-Z-acyl hydrazines. This process may be represented as follows:
wherein Y, R and R have the significance previously assigned.
Some of the phenylalkyl ketones or aldehydes which may be used in this process are phenylacetaldehyde, phenylpropionaldehyde, phenylbutyraldehyde, phenylacetal, phenylvaleraldehyde, phenylethanone, phenylacetone, 1,3- diphenyl 2 propanone, phenylpentanone and p-chlorophenylbutanone and similar compounds containing one or more nuclear groups on the phenyl group, such as represented by R in the Formula I.
Representative of the acyl hydrazines which may be used in the process are'acetyl hydrazine, propionyl hydrazine, benzoyl hydrazine, cyclohexanecarboxyl hydrazine, phenylacetyl hydrazine, isonicotinyl hydrazine, pyrrolcarboxyl hydrazine, nicotinyl hydrazine, benziloyl hydrazine, dicyclohexylglycolyl hydrazine and the like.
Reaction between the phenylalkyl ketone or aldehyde and the acyl hydrazine is conveniently efiected by contacting the reactants in the presence of water or a lower alcohol. The reaction proceeds at room temperature although slightly elevated temperatures such as the reflux temperature may be employed to increase the rate of reaction.
Recovery of the intermediate aminoalkylidenyl hydrazine is conveniently effected by conventional methods. Thus, the product, generally an oil as the free base, may be salted out with an alkali metal hydroxide and extracted with a water immiscible organic solvent such as ether. The product is readily isolated by distillation under reduced pressure.
The intermediate hydrazones may be reduced to the corresponding hydrazines by use of a suitable reducing agent. Lithium alumirnun hydride may be used although catalytic hydrogenation is recommended. With lithium aluminum hydride, the reduction may be conveniently eflected by intimately combining the reactants in an inert organic solvent such as anhydrous ether, diox-ane, or tetrahydrofuran. Elevated temperatures such as the reflux temperature enhance the reaction. At reflux temperature, from 1 to 8 hours is usually suificient to substantially complete the reaction. After the reaction is terminated, water may be added to the mixture to decompose excess lithium aluminum hydride. To recover the product, the organic phase is separated and the aqueous residue extracted with the same solvent. The organic phase and extracts then may be combined, dried, and the product distilled.
Catalytic reduction is readily achieved using catalysts such as rhodium, platinum oxide, palladium and the like in solvents such as methanol, ethanol, tctrahydroturan,
water, ethyl acetate and dioxan. Raney nickel is not a particularly suitable catalyst since undue cleavage occurs. Hydrogen pressures of about 50 to 3000 p.s.i. may be used. The temperature of reduction may be room temperature of increased temperatures such as up to C.
Hydrazines, such as those named above, may be formed in this way.
The following examples illustrate the methods of making the compounds.
EXAMPLE 1 Z -1s0nic0tinyl-2-Phenylis0pr0pylidenyl-Hydrazine A mixture of 23.3 g. (0.17 mole) of isonicotinyl-hydrazinc and 45.6 (0.34 mole) of phenylacetone in 200 cc. of isopropanol was refluxed for six hours. After removal of the isopropanol by distillation in vacuo, a solid residue remained which was recrystallized from isopropan- 01. White crystals were obtained, M.P. 112l14 (3., yield, 31.0 (72%).
EXAMPLE 2 1-Is0nic0tinyZ-2-Phenylisopropyl Hydrazine and Hydrochloride A solution of 12.7 g. (0.05 mole) of l-isonicotinyl-Z- phenylisopropylidenyl hydrazine in cc. of methanol was hydrogenated on the Parr apparatus at room temperature and initial pressure of 60 lbs., using 100 mg. of platinum oxide as catalyst. The reduction was stopped at the end of two hours, when one mole-equivalent of hydrogen was used. The catalyst was filtered off through a Celite bed, .and the methanol was removed by distillation in vacuo. The syrupy residue was dissolved in cc. of isopropanol, and ethereal HCl was added to pH 1.0 to 2.0. White crystals were obtained which were recrystallized by dissolving them in 400 cc. of methanol and adding 500 cc. of isopropanol; M.P. 239240 C. dec., yield 14.0 g. (85% Analysis.-Calcd. for C H Cl N O: Cl, 21.60%; N, 12.80%. Found: Cl, 21.71%; N, 13.03%.
EXAMPLE 3 1-Benziloyl-2-Pltenylisopropylidenyl Hydmzz'ne C(OH)CONHN=C-(CH )-CH A mixture of 0.10 mole of benzilic acid hydrazide and 0.10 mole of phenylacetone in 200 cc. of tertiary butyl alcchol was refluxed for 4 hours, the solvent removed by distillation in vacuo. The residue contained this product.
EXAMPLE 4 1-Beizzil0yl-2- henylisopropyl Hydrazine C(OH)CONH-NHCH-(CH )CH A solution containing 0.078 mole of the isopropylidene derivative of Example 3 in cc. of methanol was subjected to hydrogenation with 150 mg. of platinum oxide at 60 lbs. of hydrogen. After the theoretical amount of hydrogen had been absorbed, the reaction was stopped, the catalyst removed by filtration and the product isolated as in Example 2. The hydrazide was a solid.
EXAMPLE 5 1 (5 -Pyrr0lid0ne -2 '-Carb0xyl2-Benzylidenyl H ydrazine 7 EXAMPLE 6 1 '-Pyrr0lidone) -2-Carboxyl] -2-Benzyl H ydrazine A methanol solution containing 0.10 mole of the benzylidene derivative of Example 5 was subjected to hydrogenation at 40 p.s.i. of hydrogen in the presence of 0.1 g. of platinum oxide catalyst. Hydrogenation was discontinued as soon as the theoretical amount of hydrogen had been absorbed, to prevent cleavage of the benzyl group. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the solvent removed by distillation. The residue was an oil which did not readily crystallize.
EXAMPLE 7 J-(S-Glutamyl)-2-(AIpl1a-Plzenyl)-Ethyl Hydrazine Ethyl glutamate was converted to the hydrazide in the usual manner. The hydrazide was reacted with acetophenone by mixing equirnolar quantities of glutamic acid hydrazide with acetophenone in methylisobutylcarbinol and refluxing the mixture for several hours. The solvent was removed by distillation in vacuo and the residue taken up in methanol. The methanol solution was subjected to hydrogenation in the usual manner being careful, however, to allow only the theoretical amount of hydrogen to be absorbed. The hydrogenation catalyst was removed by filtration and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. The residual product was a low melting solid.
l-benzoyl hydrazine was reacted with l-phenyl-Z-propanone following the method of Example 1 and the resulting phenylisopropylidene derivative reduced catalytically as in Example 2 to yield the desired product.
EXAMPLE 9 S-Pyrrolz'done-Z-Carb0xylic Acid Hydrazz'de A mixture containing 15.6 g. (0.12 mole) of methyl S-pyrrolidone-Z-carboxylate, 10.3 g. of 85% hydrazine and 200 cc. of ethanol was refluxed for several hours, the ethanol removed by distillation and the residue crys tallized from a mixture of ethanol-ethyl acetate, yield 14.2 g. (91%), M.P.113115 C.
EXAMPLE 10 N-(5-Pyrr0lid01ze-2-Carboxyl) -N'-(1-Plzen l-2- Propylidenyl -Hydrazine A mixture of 37 g. (0.26 mole) of the hydrazide from Example 9 and 67 g. (0.50 mole) of phenylacetone, 100 cc. of isopropanol and 75 cc. of ethanol was refluxed for 6 hours. The solvents were removed by distillation and the residue recrystallized from ethanol, yield 62 g. (92%); M.P. 153 C.
8 Analysis.-Calcd. for C H N O N, 16.20. Found: N, 15.35.
EXAMPLE 11 The acyl hydrazone (12.95 g.) of Example 10 was reduced with 0.50 g. of PtO in 200 cc. of ethanol at 60 lbs. of hydrogen. The solvent was removed by distillation and the residue crystallized from ether. The solid was recrystallized from acetonitrile, M.P. 160 C.
Analysis.Calcd. for C H N O N, 16.08. Found: N, 15.95.
EXAMPLE 12 N-(5-L-Glutamyl)-N'-(1-Phenyl-2-Propylidenyl)- Hydrazine To 16.1 g. (0.10 mole) of 5-1-glutamic acid hydrazide dissolved in 200 cc. of water at 35 C. was added 13.4 g. (0.10) mole) of phenylacetone and the mixture stirred for 3 hours. The white precipitate was collected by filtration, yield 20 g. (72%); M.P. 173 C.
Arzalysis.Calcd. for C H N O N, 15.15. Found: N, 14.90.
EXAMPLE 13 N (5 -L-Glutamyl -N 1 -Phenyl-2-Pr0pyl -H ydrazine The compound of Example 12 was subjected to hydrogenation in the manner described in Example 11; yield M.P. 174175 C.
Analysis.Calcd. for C I-1 N 0 N, 15.05. Found: N, 15.35.
EXAMPLE 14 1-Nicotinyl-2-Phenylis0pr0pylidenyl H ydrazine EXAMPLE 16 l-Pic0linyl-2-Phenylisopropylidenyl H ydrazine This compound was prepared from picolinic acid hydrazide and 1-phenyl-2-propanone by the procedure of Example 1; yield M.P. 145146 C.
Analysis.Calcd. fOI' C I N202: N, 16.59. Found: N, 16.20.
EXAMPLE 17 1-Pic0linyl-2-Phenylis0pr0pyl H ydrazine The acyl hydrazone of Example 16 was reduced by the method outlined in Example 2.
The dihydrochloride salt melted at 189-190 C.
Analysis.-Calcd. for C H Cl N O: Cl, 21.60; N, 12.80. Found: Cl, 21.35; N, 12.60.
EXAMPLE l8 1-Palmitoyl-2-Phenylisopropylidenyl Hydrazine This compound was prepared from palmitoic acid hydrazide and 1-phenyl-2-propanone by the procedure of Example 1, yield 90%, M.P. 7576 C.
9 Analysis.-Calcd. for C H N O: N, 7.24. Found: N, 7.08.
EXAMPLE 19 l -Palmitoyl-Z-Phenylisopropyl H ydrazine The acyl hydrazone of Example 18 was reduced by the method outlined in Example 2; M.P. 81-82 C.
Analysis.-Calcd. for C H N O: N, 7.21. Found: N, 7.57.
Various changes and modifications of the invention can be made and, to the extent that such variations incorporate the spirit of this invention, they are intended to be included Within the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A compound of the formula wherein R is a lower alkylene radical.
2. 1-(5-g1utamy1) -2-(alpha-phenyl)-1ower alkyl hydrazlne.
1 0 3. 1-(S-glutamyl)-2-(a1pha-pheny1)-ethy1 hydrazine. 4. N-(5-L-glutamy1)-N-( 1-phenyl-2-propyl)-hydrazine.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Shchukina et al.: Chem. Abstracts, Vol. 46, col. 10431-2 (1952). (Abstract of Doklady Akad. Nauk U.S.S.R., vol. 84, 981-4 (1952).
Fox: J. Org. Chem, vol. 20, November 1, pages 60-69 (1955).

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3288848A (en) * 1964-12-21 1966-11-29 Upjohn Co Alpha-amino dibasic acid hydrazides
US3297530A (en) * 1958-12-23 1967-01-10 Ici Ltd Antidepressant compositions and methods of using same
US3549767A (en) * 1966-12-16 1970-12-22 Geigy Chem Corp Method of controlling insects and acarinae,employing certain acylated hydrazones and hydrazines
US3888840A (en) * 1973-02-07 1975-06-10 American Home Prod Novel hydrazinocarboxamide derivatives and preparation thereof
US4162329A (en) * 1977-03-22 1979-07-24 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Combating fungi with dicarboxylic acid mono-arylhydrazides
US4201785A (en) * 1978-02-27 1980-05-06 Sandoz Inc. Cyclopropanyl-bearing hydrazides
US4229463A (en) * 1978-02-27 1980-10-21 Sandoz, Inc. Unsaturated fatty acid hydrazides
US4925832A (en) * 1986-07-16 1990-05-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Silver halide photographic light-sensitive systems
US5229038A (en) * 1990-09-12 1993-07-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Organic nonlinear optical material and method of converting the wavelength of light using said material

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US2149279A (en) * 1934-07-07 1939-03-07 Merck & Co Inc Derivatives of pyrazine carboxylic acid and processes for their production
US2176063A (en) * 1936-09-01 1939-10-17 Merck & Co Inc Derivatives of pyrazine carboxylic acid and processes for their production
US2383134A (en) * 1943-09-18 1945-08-21 American Cyanamid Co Preparation of symmetrical diaryl hydrazines
US2688040A (en) * 1952-02-27 1954-08-31 Du Pont Manufacture of hydrazobenzene compounds
US2784141A (en) * 1954-05-13 1957-03-05 Merck & Co Inc Tranquilizing composition comprising alkyl aminoethyl esters of benzilic acid and salts thereof
US2804422A (en) * 1954-12-29 1957-08-27 Wm S Merrell Co Tranquilizing composition comprising alpha phenyl, alpha-(4-piperidyl)-benzyl alcohol and method of using same
US2923713A (en) * 1952-03-07 1960-02-02 Hoffmann La Roche Isonicotinic acid, benzyl and p-methoxybenzyl hydrazides
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2149279A (en) * 1934-07-07 1939-03-07 Merck & Co Inc Derivatives of pyrazine carboxylic acid and processes for their production
US2176063A (en) * 1936-09-01 1939-10-17 Merck & Co Inc Derivatives of pyrazine carboxylic acid and processes for their production
US2383134A (en) * 1943-09-18 1945-08-21 American Cyanamid Co Preparation of symmetrical diaryl hydrazines
US2688040A (en) * 1952-02-27 1954-08-31 Du Pont Manufacture of hydrazobenzene compounds
US2923713A (en) * 1952-03-07 1960-02-02 Hoffmann La Roche Isonicotinic acid, benzyl and p-methoxybenzyl hydrazides
US2784141A (en) * 1954-05-13 1957-03-05 Merck & Co Inc Tranquilizing composition comprising alkyl aminoethyl esters of benzilic acid and salts thereof
US2804422A (en) * 1954-12-29 1957-08-27 Wm S Merrell Co Tranquilizing composition comprising alpha phenyl, alpha-(4-piperidyl)-benzyl alcohol and method of using same
US2923714A (en) * 1958-02-13 1960-02-02 Hoffmann La Roche 1-picolinoyl-2-benzyl hydrazine and salts

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3297530A (en) * 1958-12-23 1967-01-10 Ici Ltd Antidepressant compositions and methods of using same
US3288848A (en) * 1964-12-21 1966-11-29 Upjohn Co Alpha-amino dibasic acid hydrazides
US3549767A (en) * 1966-12-16 1970-12-22 Geigy Chem Corp Method of controlling insects and acarinae,employing certain acylated hydrazones and hydrazines
US3888840A (en) * 1973-02-07 1975-06-10 American Home Prod Novel hydrazinocarboxamide derivatives and preparation thereof
US4162329A (en) * 1977-03-22 1979-07-24 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Combating fungi with dicarboxylic acid mono-arylhydrazides
US4201785A (en) * 1978-02-27 1980-05-06 Sandoz Inc. Cyclopropanyl-bearing hydrazides
US4229463A (en) * 1978-02-27 1980-10-21 Sandoz, Inc. Unsaturated fatty acid hydrazides
US4925832A (en) * 1986-07-16 1990-05-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Silver halide photographic light-sensitive systems
US5229038A (en) * 1990-09-12 1993-07-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Organic nonlinear optical material and method of converting the wavelength of light using said material

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