US3162124A - Plastic cartridge - Google Patents

Plastic cartridge Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3162124A
US3162124A US184061A US18406162A US3162124A US 3162124 A US3162124 A US 3162124A US 184061 A US184061 A US 184061A US 18406162 A US18406162 A US 18406162A US 3162124 A US3162124 A US 3162124A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
shot
charge
casing
side wall
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US184061A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles E Miller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Olin Corp
Original Assignee
Olin Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE631022D priority Critical patent/BE631022A/xx
Priority to BE630473D priority patent/BE630473A/xx
Application filed by Olin Corp filed Critical Olin Corp
Priority to US184061A priority patent/US3162124A/en
Priority to US187087A priority patent/US3176614A/en
Priority to GB10886/63A priority patent/GB966958A/en
Priority to GB12126/63A priority patent/GB1029193A/en
Priority to FR929700A priority patent/FR1352447A/fr
Priority to ES0286588A priority patent/ES286588A1/es
Priority to DE19631428699 priority patent/DE1428699B1/de
Priority to FR930380A priority patent/FR1355137A/fr
Priority to US408714A priority patent/US3242789A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3162124A publication Critical patent/US3162124A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/06—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile with cartridge case of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/30—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics

Definitions

  • Shotgun sheels with a conventional brass-headed tubular paper case are well known.
  • Shotgun shell cases of light metal and those molded of resinous plastic such as ethyl cellulose, ethyl actate, plasticized polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene have also been proposed.
  • a shot shell is a rather special container which must function not only for storing its charge including priming, wadding, powder and shot without deterioration, but also for initiating the powder and for projecting shot acceptably through an end closure.
  • the case must not come apart, and the closure must be adapted not only to hold the charge with controlled confinement, but also be adapted to open readily in a consistent manner when the powder is ignited to release the shot.
  • Each time such a shotgun cartridge is fired it remains desirable that the shot load continue to be projected with a desired pattern according to an acceptable degree of shot dispersion without too much lateral scattering of the shot and without too much longitudinal scattering to avoid giving too rarefied a string of shot.
  • a resinous plastic shot shell is desirable wherein the fired case remains intact as long as possible and is reuseable as often as possible before any defect develops to prevent reuse.
  • fraying and distortion is meant excessive irregularity such as edge splitting, edge scalloping, out-of-roundness, and in-curling of the closure adjacent its edge at the mouth; these irregularities make the fired case altogether unfit for reuse.
  • a rigid crystalline plastic shotgun cartridge having an axially or longitudinally slit and circumferentially fitted layer of shot-absorbing and self-lubricating material of polyolefinic character extending initially almost all the way axially down its length between the interior of the tubular side wall of the cartridge and the outer shot pellets of the load of shot.
  • the layer is of such softness relative to the rigid plastic of the case and of such thickness that any indentation of the case is rendered temporary and harmless at the mouth of the shell.
  • the layer extends over the shot column length in a single thickness of strip which is preferably press-fitted when loaded in the shotshell case to assume the form of a C-shaped band and thereby preferably prestressed to impart a bias giving the band a tendency to uncurl open out of its substantially closed ring shape as soon as it is free of the constraint or" the shotgun bore.
  • The'band is a layer plastically deformable by shot indentation and formed from a strip of suitable synthetic plastic material of a sufiicient length, thickness and pliancy for the purpose.
  • a layer of high pressure relatively soft and self-lubricating grade of polyethylene or other similar olefinic polymer for the purpose is contemplated in the form of a band curled to a split-ring shape when constrained in combination with a shot shell case, especially of the type having an evanescent end closure and self-sealing flanged gun wad as disclosed in United States Patent Nos. 2,582,124 and 2,582,125.
  • a suitably soft grade of polyethylene or any equivalent self-lubricating grade of olefinic polymer or co-polymer is contemplated in a thickness of not much less than about the radius of the indentation of the smallest shot used, i.e., not much less than about 0.010 of an inch, but not more than about 0.030 of an inch.
  • This forms a plastically indentable pad movable with the shot and therefore forms part of the projectile load until ejection from the shot gun muzzle.
  • the outer shot become absorbed partially by not only plastical- 1y indenting the layer, but also by extruding parts of it up between them as the acceleration is applied to the load in the bore. Exteriorly of the barrel, the shot and the collar become free of each other.
  • the open ended partition member or collar is preferably made of an elastolene such as a normally tough, solid, but pliable polymer of ethylene of the type formed at high pressure and temperature as disclosed in US. Patent Nos. 2,153,553 and 2,188,465 or 2,343,400. These materials of relatively low molecular weight and of self-lubricating character are particularly suited for the purpose of this invention in combination with a relatively rigid resinous plastic side wall in the shell case.
  • the collar materials enerally are of a molecular weight not less than about 10,000 while the case material is preferably a high density linear polyethylene, preferably oriented or otherwise strengthened. A case of polypropylene is also contemplated.
  • the plastic takes the form of a suitable length of a rectangular strip bent round and with its extremities in abutment in order to fit snugly within the standard cartridge cavity as a seamed collar, but having sufficient memory characteristics so as to tend gently to uncoil free from the shot column upon emergence from the muzzle.”
  • the extremities must not be joined. The length must not interfere with contiguity of the shot and the evanescent end closure.
  • Suitable resinous materials are compounds of polyvinyl chloride, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene terephthalate and the like, if lubricated and if of a suitable grade for the purpose.
  • a collar of solid high pressure polyethylene of relatively low molecular weight having'a Shore durometer hardness of from about 50 to about and preferably not in excess of about 65 measured on the C scale, is contemplated to ofier the necessary degree of deformability,
  • the plastic cartridge case is shaped of a relatively rigid polyolefin, such as polypropylene of high isotacticity and preferably of polyethylene characterized by a high degree of linearity and crystallinity and by a high molecular weight above about 100,000 and preferably as high as from about 350,000 to above about 1,000,000.
  • the polyethylene used in the tubular sidewall of the shell of FIG- URE 1 and in the sidewall and integral base of the shell of FIGURE 2 are those produced by any one of various processes under relatively low temperatures and low pressures of polymerization using suitable catalysts in admixture. These have very high density and molecular weights and a high degree of linearity of the polymer chains.
  • These polyethylenes, as compared to high pressure pol ethylenes have high softening or melting points and are characterized by such an increase in tear, tensile and yield strengths as to be classified as rigid polyethylenes.
  • the tube of FIGURE 1 or the shell case of FIGURE 2 may be simply molded of such linear polyethylenes. Tubes of linear low pressure polyethylene may be further treated by stretching to obtain orientation for development of added strength.
  • the shell of FIGURE 2 may be formed by compression accordinging to copending patent application Serial No. 135,569 filed September 1, 1961.
  • the tensile strength in tubular parts of crystalline thermoplastic is more than doubled as compared to the un-deformed thermoplastic.
  • compressive deformation of crystallin polyolefins done below the crystalline melt temperature produces at least a threefold increase in the strength as compared with the strength of the undeformed most rigid form of the plastic available by injection molding.
  • polyolefins an increased strength from 3 to 5 times that of the undeformed material is obtained.
  • rigid polyethylenes i.e. low pressure, high density linear polyethylenes
  • tensile strengths of from 16,000 to 22,000 p.s.i. are produced according to Serial No. 135,569 in parts shaped by such compressive deformation.
  • polyethylenes used in the shot encircling or partition member are the relatively soft, low molecular weight low density types formed at high temperature and pressure as disclosed in aforenoted US. Patent No. 2,153,553, for example. Molecular weights below 40,000 are contemplated.
  • one object of this invention is to provide a novel shotgun cartridge having a high tensile strength in a resinous plastic case, preferably of a polyolefinic character, and which gives an excellent shot pattern and the case of which lasts such a long time that it can be reused.
  • FIGURE 1 is an elevational view in longitudinal cross section of one embodiment of shotshell according to this invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is another elevational view showing a second embodiment also in cross section
  • FIGURE 3 is a sectional view taken across either embodiment on line III-III;
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of the shot encircling member before assembly in the cartridge.
  • a rigid linear polyethylene tube is staked at one end in a cup-shaped metallic head 12 with the aid of a convolutely wound paper base wad 14- compressed into the head sufficiently to press and lock the end 11 of the side wall of the tube into extractor rim 24 of the metal head.
  • Both head 12 and wad 14 are centrally orificed for the reception of the primer 13 for ignition of the charge of propellant smokeless powder 16 disposed between the flanged overlay wad and the flanged overpowder wad 17 of the expansible type shown in U.S. Patent No. 2,582,124 to Holmes preferably.
  • Other types of expansible wads may be used as, for example, wads of the type shown in US. Patent No. 2,920,563 to De Caro, preferably recessed to provide a cup-shaped wad or one of H-configuration.
  • a metallic head like 12 may be provided around the base of the shell of FIGURE 2.
  • the cavity of the cartridge case is charged above wad 17 with one or more compressible wads 18 compressed snugly against the tubular side wall 10.
  • a strip 29 of the type shown in FIGURE 4 after being coiled-up to form a collar 30.
  • This is stress-fitted against tube 10 to form preshaped band 30 as shown in FIGURE 3 with a pair of opposite extremities 31 and 32 in coplanar juxtaposition or abutment as shown at 41.
  • strip 29 between the leading and trailing edges 33 and 34 extends over substantially all of the length or height of the shot column 19.
  • the split collar acts as a tubular pad or mat upon and in which the column of shot 19 slides out of the shot shell and the barrel.
  • the shot impressed mat also blocks the shot pellets in place in the moving column while minimizing impact.
  • the recovery character of strip 29 may be varied in the band 30 by providing it in the form of a flat piece or a one with a natural curvature as shown in FIGURE 4. In any event, only enough restoration is desired to give the band a tendency to open outwardly and avoid fluttering against the shot column or excessive spring snap.
  • the surface of the mat becomes heated during passage of the load to inhance the unctuous character of the plastic.
  • the open-ended tube 10 may be a piece of linear polyethylene having a density of at least 0.94 and having a bidirectionally oriented molecular structure made by drawing under-sized tubing over an over-sized mandrel by means of a draw die adapted to stretch the tubing.
  • tensile yield strengths axially or longitudinally of the tubing in the range of about 19,000 to about 35,000 p.s.i. are regularly obtained.
  • thermoplastic mouth is thereby thinned and further rigidified preparatory to formation of the closure, preferably by in-folding and sealing integrally with the tubular part as shown in the accompanying drawing and/ or in Holmes U. S. Patent 2,582,124.
  • the thin walled tubular portion 51 is integral with the finished cup-shaped head or base 52 having a rim and an inserted primer 53 held in the base orifice 54.
  • the case is loaded above the primer in seriatum with propellant charge 56, the expansible cup wad 57, the filler wads 58 and the shot 19 encircled as before by the member 30.
  • the end closure 60 is of the evanescent type as set forth in the aforenoted patents of R. S. Holmes to complete the combination.
  • the combination described herein has been found to be particularly advantageous in combination with the shotshell arrangement having end closures of the foldedin integral type shown and the expansible self-sealing flanged wad. Advantages are realized, however, with this arrangement having other types "of evanescent closures such as where the top edge of the sidewall is rolled in to form a crip holding a top wad of the readily frangible type. Advantage is realized from the ditferential in the rigidity, strength and lubricity realized from this novel combination of linear and non-linear polyethylene in the type of ammunition cartridge described.
  • a reloadable ammunition cartridge comprising a casing including a relatively thick base closure and integral relatively thin side wall, said side wall having a decreasing wall thickness from the base to an opposite end of said casing and an increasing tensile strength from the base to said opposite end, said base and side Wall being a one piece unit formed from a linear high density polyethylene, a propellant charge in said casing, a shot charge arranged in a column in said casing, wad means positioned between said charges, said wad means including an expansible flanged portion positioned next to said propellant charge, said opposite end terminating in a generally round opening for releasing said shot charge on firing of said propellant charge, said end having a longitudinal tensile strength at least 3-5 times the tensile strength of said base, said opening having a tendency to curl inwardly permanently after said firing, a member having at least one split in a sidewall thereof positioned in said tubular side wall to encircle said column, and a yieldable end closureformed by folding in said end of said casing
  • said hollow member is a strip of relatively soft plastic material compared to said sidewall folded into a tubular configuration with the margins of said strip unjoined to form a slit extending longitudinally from end to end.
  • SAMUEL FEINBERG Primary Examiner.
  • SAMUEL BOYD Examiner.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US184061A 1962-04-02 1962-04-02 Plastic cartridge Expired - Lifetime US3162124A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE631022D BE631022A (sk) 1962-04-02
BE630473D BE630473A (sk) 1962-04-02
US184061A US3162124A (en) 1962-04-02 1962-04-02 Plastic cartridge
US187087A US3176614A (en) 1962-04-02 1962-04-12 Plastic cartridge
GB10886/63A GB966958A (en) 1962-04-02 1963-03-19 Plastics cartridge for shotguns
GB12126/63A GB1029193A (en) 1962-04-02 1963-03-27 Plastics cartridges for shotguns
FR929700A FR1352447A (fr) 1962-04-02 1963-03-29 Cartouche en matière plastique
ES0286588A ES286588A1 (es) 1962-04-02 1963-03-30 Mejoras introducidas en la fabricacion de cartuchos de escopeta
DE19631428699 DE1428699B1 (de) 1962-04-02 1963-04-01 Schrotpatrone mit Huelse aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff und faltbarem Endverschluss
FR930380A FR1355137A (fr) 1962-04-02 1963-04-04 Cartouche en matière plastique
US408714A US3242789A (en) 1962-04-02 1964-10-02 Method of making plastic cartridge case

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US184061A US3162124A (en) 1962-04-02 1962-04-02 Plastic cartridge

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3162124A true US3162124A (en) 1964-12-22

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US184061A Expired - Lifetime US3162124A (en) 1962-04-02 1962-04-02 Plastic cartridge
US408714A Expired - Lifetime US3242789A (en) 1962-04-02 1964-10-02 Method of making plastic cartridge case

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US408714A Expired - Lifetime US3242789A (en) 1962-04-02 1964-10-02 Method of making plastic cartridge case

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US (2) US3162124A (sk)
BE (2) BE630473A (sk)
DE (1) DE1428699B1 (sk)
ES (1) ES286588A1 (sk)
GB (2) GB966958A (sk)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3261291A (en) * 1964-03-30 1966-07-19 Olin Mathieson Cartridge
US3298313A (en) * 1964-04-06 1967-01-17 Ronald W Comerford Wad column device
US3786753A (en) * 1971-08-03 1974-01-22 Remington Arms Co Inc Wad column for shotshells
US4267774A (en) * 1979-01-10 1981-05-19 Gte Products Corporation Heat-sealed pyrotechnic cap
US4679505A (en) * 1984-11-30 1987-07-14 Federal Cartridge Corporation 00 buckshot shotshell
US5408931A (en) * 1993-10-01 1995-04-25 Tallman; Harvey A. Shotgun ammunition
US20060260500A1 (en) * 2004-02-06 2006-11-23 Engel John W High-pressure fixed munition for low-pressure launching system
US20070044644A1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2007-03-01 Natec, Inc. Ammunition Article And Apparatus For Making Ammunition Articles
US20100275804A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-04 Roger Blaine Trivette Plastic ammunition casing and method
US10054410B2 (en) * 2011-08-04 2018-08-21 James Y. Menefee, III Cartridge for handheld payload launcher system

Families Citing this family (94)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3369443A (en) * 1966-10-04 1968-02-20 Olin Mathieson Shot shell process
US3491691A (en) * 1968-03-07 1970-01-27 Vawter Ammunition Inc Shell casing and its method of manufacture
US3745924A (en) * 1970-03-30 1973-07-17 Remington Arms Co Inc Plastic cartridge case
US4726296A (en) * 1985-04-22 1988-02-23 Action Manufacturing Company Stress modulator ring and microgrooved base for an ammunition cartridge having a plastic case
DE8816995U1 (de) * 1988-06-28 1991-11-07 Hübner Gummi- und Kunststoff GmbH, 3500 Kassel Treibladungshülse
US5138949A (en) * 1990-09-20 1992-08-18 Olin Corporation Combustible ammunition cartridge case
US7614349B2 (en) * 2003-10-02 2009-11-10 The University Of Western Ontario Less-lethal ammunition projectile
US10352670B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2019-07-16 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Lightweight polymer ammunition cartridge casings
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US10048052B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2018-08-14 True Velocity, Inc. Method of making a polymeric subsonic ammunition cartridge
US10876822B2 (en) 2017-11-09 2020-12-29 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Multi-piece polymer ammunition cartridge
US11209252B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2021-12-28 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Subsonic polymeric ammunition with diffuser
US8561543B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2013-10-22 True Velocity, Inc. Lightweight polymer ammunition cartridge casings
US11313654B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2022-04-26 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition having a projectile made by metal injection molding
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US10048049B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2018-08-14 True Velocity, Inc. Lightweight polymer ammunition cartridge having a primer diffuser
US9885551B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2018-02-06 True Velocity, Inc. Subsonic polymeric ammunition
US9644930B1 (en) * 2010-11-10 2017-05-09 True Velocity, Inc. Method of making polymer ammunition having a primer diffuser
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WO2015057897A1 (en) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-23 Olin Corporation Composite cartridge case
US9587918B1 (en) 2015-09-24 2017-03-07 True Velocity, Inc. Ammunition having a projectile made by metal injection molding
US9835427B2 (en) 2016-03-09 2017-12-05 True Velocity, Inc. Two-piece primer insert for polymer ammunition
US9523563B1 (en) 2016-03-09 2016-12-20 True Velocity, Inc. Method of making ammunition having a two-piece primer insert
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FR1183667A (fr) * 1956-10-05 1959-07-10 Olin Mathieson Cartouche à plombs en matière plastique et son procédé de fermeture
US2897758A (en) * 1956-09-17 1959-08-04 Olin Mathieson Metallic shotshell
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FR1163832A (fr) * 1956-05-09 1958-10-01 Perfectionnement aux cartouches chargées avec de la grenaille de plomb

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FR1168999A (fr) * 1955-12-19 1958-12-19 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Douilles de cartouches pour fusils de chasse
US2897758A (en) * 1956-09-17 1959-08-04 Olin Mathieson Metallic shotshell
FR1183667A (fr) * 1956-10-05 1959-07-10 Olin Mathieson Cartouche à plombs en matière plastique et son procédé de fermeture
US2987775A (en) * 1957-07-10 1961-06-13 Ransom C Albrecht Method of forming plastic containers
US3026801A (en) * 1959-07-27 1962-03-27 Phillips Petroleum Co Shotgun shell
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Cited By (12)

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US3261291A (en) * 1964-03-30 1966-07-19 Olin Mathieson Cartridge
US3298313A (en) * 1964-04-06 1967-01-17 Ronald W Comerford Wad column device
US3786753A (en) * 1971-08-03 1974-01-22 Remington Arms Co Inc Wad column for shotshells
US4267774A (en) * 1979-01-10 1981-05-19 Gte Products Corporation Heat-sealed pyrotechnic cap
US4679505A (en) * 1984-11-30 1987-07-14 Federal Cartridge Corporation 00 buckshot shotshell
US5408931A (en) * 1993-10-01 1995-04-25 Tallman; Harvey A. Shotgun ammunition
US20070044644A1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2007-03-01 Natec, Inc. Ammunition Article And Apparatus For Making Ammunition Articles
US20060260500A1 (en) * 2004-02-06 2006-11-23 Engel John W High-pressure fixed munition for low-pressure launching system
US7481167B2 (en) * 2004-02-06 2009-01-27 John Whitworth Engel High-pressure fixed munition for low-pressure launching system
US20100275804A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-04 Roger Blaine Trivette Plastic ammunition casing and method
US8186273B2 (en) * 2009-05-04 2012-05-29 Roger Blaine Trivette Plastic ammunition casing and method
US10054410B2 (en) * 2011-08-04 2018-08-21 James Y. Menefee, III Cartridge for handheld payload launcher system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB966958A (en) 1964-08-19
BE631022A (sk)
BE630473A (sk)
ES286588A1 (es) 1963-08-16
DE1428699B1 (de) 1969-09-04
GB1029193A (en) 1966-05-11
US3242789A (en) 1966-03-29

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