US3157546A - Image transfer - Google Patents

Image transfer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3157546A
US3157546A US23208A US2320860A US3157546A US 3157546 A US3157546 A US 3157546A US 23208 A US23208 A US 23208A US 2320860 A US2320860 A US 2320860A US 3157546 A US3157546 A US 3157546A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
plate
image
layer
film
xerographic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US23208A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul W Cover
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE602721D priority Critical patent/BE602721A/xx
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Priority to US23208A priority patent/US3157546A/en
Priority to CH435561A priority patent/CH383417A/de
Priority to GB13465/61A priority patent/GB985176A/en
Priority to FR859196A priority patent/FR1287124A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3157546A publication Critical patent/US3157546A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/28—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which projection is obtained by line scanning
    • G03G15/30—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which projection is obtained by line scanning in which projection is formed on a drum
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
    • G03G7/006—Substrates for image-receiving members; Image-receiving members comprising only one layer
    • G03G7/0073—Organic components thereof
    • G03G7/008—Organic components thereof being macromolecular
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles

Definitions

  • Image transfer is a critical step in Xerography, and particularly so in continuous tone xerography. Unusually fine submicron-sizes particles are generally used for continuous tone development, and these are more difficult to transfer than the somewhat larger particles used for development in other forms of Xerography. Yet, in continuous tone xerography, transfer must be very uniform to provide a uniform and pleasing reproduction and must be as complete as possible in order to achieve adequate density in the transferred image and accomplish the production of an accurate copy. A damaged Xerographic plate produces readily detectable image defects when used in continuous tone Xerography. Since plates are reused generally, it is particularly important that the transfer procedures cause a minimum of plate damage. For this reason also, it is desirable that the transfer procedure be 100% effective, since any powder left behind on the plate must be removed by some cleaning procedure which, to some degree, is injurious to the xerographic plate.
  • the drawing represents a schematic cross-sectional View of an automatic Xerographic machine embodying the invention.
  • the machine includes a cylindrical Xerographic plate 1% which is slowly rotatable about its axis in the indicated direction by a motor or the like (not shown). Plate it bears on its outer surface a layer of insulating material 11 such as a photoconductive insulating layer of vitreous selenium.
  • the support 9 for the selenium layer may comprise aluminum or the like as is known in the art.
  • a corona charging device 12 is positioned to apply a uniform electrostatic charge to plate it).
  • An image projection apparatus including a moving film strip 13, a lens 14 and a lamp 15 projects onto plate it?
  • Plate 16 then passes in the course of its rotation l atented Nov. 17, 3954 "Ice beneath a development electrode 16 where image development takes place.
  • a powder cloud generator 17 supplies a dispersion of finely divided electrostatically charged powder particles, such as charcoal, to the development electrode and these particles travel along the.
  • Plate ill then passes into contact with the surface of a film forming liquid 19 in pan 20.
  • Liquid 19 wets and penetrates the powder image on plate 10, but does not in any way disturb this pattern.
  • Plate 10 then rotates past and very close to a doctor blade 21 which reduces the liquid film to a uniform, very thin layer. Again, this operation does not disturb the powder image in any way.
  • the film forming liquid 19 then dries to a cohesive film in the course of further rotation of plate 10. The drying time can be reduced through the application of a gentle flow of warm air as shown.
  • a blower 22 provides a supply of air which is forced through heating coils 23 into a plenum chamber 24 from which it is discharged against plate ll After drying, the film forming liquid becomes a cohesive transparent layer in which is imbedded or encapsulated all of the powder image. This layer may be stripped from plate lltl as a self-supporting layer, but it may be rather thin and fragile depending on the film forming material employed and is therefore most conveniently handled in the manner shown.
  • a web of adhesively coated material 25 passing from supply spool 26 to takeup spool 27 is positioned with its adhesively coated face pressed against plate 16 by a soft pressure roller 28.
  • Material 25 may comprise a web of ordinary paper or, for some applications, may be a web of transparent plastic film or the like.
  • the film forming liquid 19 used in carrying out this invention should be one which dries rapidly to form a clear, thin coherent film which can be readily separated from plate 19 without also pulling olf portions of insulating layer 11 from support 9.
  • the film forming liquid should also have a fairly low viscosity to prevent any disturbance to the powder particles on plate 19.
  • the film forming liquid may harden by solvent evaporation or by chemical reaction, but the former method is generally preferred as being simpler and easier to control.
  • a variety of resinous materials may be used in liquid 19 including plasticized polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose nitrate, polystyrene, and the like.
  • a particularly useful material, and the preferred material is in approximately 5% solution by weight of cellulose acetate in acetone.
  • this material When this material is applied to plate 10 and smoothed out by doctor blade 21 to a thickness of from about 10 to about microns, it will dry in about 30 to seconds at room temperature to yield a solid film which can be readily stripped from plate ill without damage to the film or the plate. Thirty to sixty seconds is a short enough drying time to make this transfer process economically practical, but this time can be shortened even further by the useof allow of warm air as shown inthe drawing.
  • liquid formin liquid 1? may be sprayed, poured, rolled, extruded, or the like.
  • the film. is stripped from the plate without a support base attached, it can be fused or attached to a base subsequently.
  • This may be accomplished using a support material having a heat or vapor softenable surface layer such as a polyethylene or microcrystalline wax coating and by applying the support to the stripped film while the coated layer is in a softened condition. For example, this maybe done by rolling the support base against the stripped layer using a heated roller with low pressure and, as should be apparent, such manipulations may be embodied into a device such as that illustrated in the drawing;
  • the benefit of attaching the film to a base is that onecan provide a background color for the image and, of course, make the copy much more durable and less subject to damage during handling.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US23208A 1960-04-19 1960-04-19 Image transfer Expired - Lifetime US3157546A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE602721D BE602721A (US20080293856A1-20081127-C00150.png) 1960-04-19
US23208A US3157546A (en) 1960-04-19 1960-04-19 Image transfer
CH435561A CH383417A (de) 1960-04-19 1961-04-13 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Übertragung xerographischer Bilder
GB13465/61A GB985176A (en) 1960-04-19 1961-04-14 Image transfer
FR859196A FR1287124A (fr) 1960-04-19 1961-04-19 Procédé et appareil de reproduction xérographique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23208A US3157546A (en) 1960-04-19 1960-04-19 Image transfer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3157546A true US3157546A (en) 1964-11-17

Family

ID=21813700

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US23208A Expired - Lifetime US3157546A (en) 1960-04-19 1960-04-19 Image transfer

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3157546A (US20080293856A1-20081127-C00150.png)
BE (1) BE602721A (US20080293856A1-20081127-C00150.png)
CH (1) CH383417A (US20080293856A1-20081127-C00150.png)
GB (1) GB985176A (US20080293856A1-20081127-C00150.png)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3479268A (en) * 1966-08-01 1969-11-18 Gen Electric Method of applying a binder to electro phoretically deposited porous matrix
US3493412A (en) * 1965-12-30 1970-02-03 Xerox Corp Transferring xerographic toner images to a solid crystalline plasticizer coated receiving surface
US3517993A (en) * 1965-10-23 1970-06-30 Bell & Howell Co Development apparatus for continuous rotary electrostatographic apparatus
US3622368A (en) * 1967-08-22 1971-11-23 Ricoh Kk Method for developing electrostatic latent images by utilizing coupling reaction
US3640749A (en) * 1968-03-14 1972-02-08 Philips Corp Method of fixing images consisting of dry powders on paper
US3649262A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-03-14 Xerox Corp Simultaneous development-cleaning of the same area of an electrostatographic image support surface
US3776631A (en) * 1969-11-20 1973-12-04 Xerox Corp Liquid developer cleaning system
US3935008A (en) * 1972-06-23 1976-01-27 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Electrophotographic process having developed hydrophilic image areas
US4015561A (en) * 1974-12-12 1977-04-05 Xerox Corporation Anti-gravitational cascade development for electrostatic processors
US4259429A (en) * 1974-04-03 1981-03-31 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Protection of toner images
US5342720A (en) * 1993-04-28 1994-08-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Color proofing element and process for making the same
US20050141927A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a multi-pass electrophotographic process with electrostatically assisted toner transfer
US20050141926A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Baker James A. Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a multi-pass electrophotographic process utilizing adhesive toner transfer
US20050141928A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Teschendorf Brian P. Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a tandem electrophotographic process with electrostatically assisted toner transfer
US20050142471A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Baker James A. Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a tandem electrophotographic process utilizing adhesive toner transfer

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US689320A (en) * 1901-04-23 1901-12-17 Barnwell Machine Company Ltd Manufacture of fabrics faced or coated with finely-comminuted materials.
US2212770A (en) * 1937-02-15 1940-08-27 Du Pont Process for forming films from synthetic linear polymers
US2250958A (en) * 1938-01-19 1941-07-29 Rohm & Haas Process of embedding color in polymeric materials
US2776907A (en) * 1952-07-18 1957-01-08 Battelle Development Corp Method of fixing electrostatic powder image
US2784694A (en) * 1955-02-08 1957-03-12 Haloid Co Segmented development electrode
US2843499A (en) * 1956-09-25 1958-07-15 Haloid Xerox Inc Pressure transfer of xerographic images
US2895847A (en) * 1953-12-21 1959-07-21 Battelle Development Corp Electric image development

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US689320A (en) * 1901-04-23 1901-12-17 Barnwell Machine Company Ltd Manufacture of fabrics faced or coated with finely-comminuted materials.
US2212770A (en) * 1937-02-15 1940-08-27 Du Pont Process for forming films from synthetic linear polymers
US2250958A (en) * 1938-01-19 1941-07-29 Rohm & Haas Process of embedding color in polymeric materials
US2776907A (en) * 1952-07-18 1957-01-08 Battelle Development Corp Method of fixing electrostatic powder image
US2895847A (en) * 1953-12-21 1959-07-21 Battelle Development Corp Electric image development
US2784694A (en) * 1955-02-08 1957-03-12 Haloid Co Segmented development electrode
US2843499A (en) * 1956-09-25 1958-07-15 Haloid Xerox Inc Pressure transfer of xerographic images

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3517993A (en) * 1965-10-23 1970-06-30 Bell & Howell Co Development apparatus for continuous rotary electrostatographic apparatus
US3493412A (en) * 1965-12-30 1970-02-03 Xerox Corp Transferring xerographic toner images to a solid crystalline plasticizer coated receiving surface
US3479268A (en) * 1966-08-01 1969-11-18 Gen Electric Method of applying a binder to electro phoretically deposited porous matrix
US3622368A (en) * 1967-08-22 1971-11-23 Ricoh Kk Method for developing electrostatic latent images by utilizing coupling reaction
US3640749A (en) * 1968-03-14 1972-02-08 Philips Corp Method of fixing images consisting of dry powders on paper
US3649262A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-03-14 Xerox Corp Simultaneous development-cleaning of the same area of an electrostatographic image support surface
US3776631A (en) * 1969-11-20 1973-12-04 Xerox Corp Liquid developer cleaning system
US3935008A (en) * 1972-06-23 1976-01-27 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Electrophotographic process having developed hydrophilic image areas
US4259429A (en) * 1974-04-03 1981-03-31 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Protection of toner images
US4015561A (en) * 1974-12-12 1977-04-05 Xerox Corporation Anti-gravitational cascade development for electrostatic processors
US5342720A (en) * 1993-04-28 1994-08-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Color proofing element and process for making the same
US20050141927A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a multi-pass electrophotographic process with electrostatically assisted toner transfer
US20050141926A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Baker James A. Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a multi-pass electrophotographic process utilizing adhesive toner transfer
US20050141928A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Teschendorf Brian P. Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a tandem electrophotographic process with electrostatically assisted toner transfer
US20050142471A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Baker James A. Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a tandem electrophotographic process utilizing adhesive toner transfer
US7294441B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2007-11-13 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a tandem electrophotographic process utilizing adhesive toner transfer
US7433636B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2008-10-07 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a tandem electrophotographic process with electrostatically assisted toner transfer
US7433635B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2008-10-07 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for using a transfer assist layer in a multi-pass electrophotographic process with electrostatically assisted toner transfer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH383417A (de) 1964-10-31
GB985176A (en) 1965-03-03
BE602721A (US20080293856A1-20081127-C00150.png)

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