US3155511A - Precoated diazo reproduction paper - Google Patents
Precoated diazo reproduction paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3155511A US3155511A US52083A US5208360A US3155511A US 3155511 A US3155511 A US 3155511A US 52083 A US52083 A US 52083A US 5208360 A US5208360 A US 5208360A US 3155511 A US3155511 A US 3155511A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- precoat
- particles
- precoated
- silica
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 title description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 DIAZO Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 46
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 38
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 8
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SYXUBXTYGFJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oat triterpenoid saponin Chemical compound CNC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1C(C=O)(C)CC2C3(C(O3)CC3C4(CCC5C(C)(CO)C(OC6C(C(O)C(OC7C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O7)O)CO6)OC6C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O6)O)CCC53C)C)C4(C)CC(O)C2(C)C1 SYXUBXTYGFJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZEYKLMDPUOVUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(Cl)C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C1 ZEYKLMDPUOVUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZYFPMLAGIGAJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-diazo-n,n-diethylcyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-amine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CCC(=[N+]=[N-])C=C1 YZYFPMLAGIGAJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100126625 Caenorhabditis elegans itr-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008620 Fagopyrum esculentum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009419 Fagopyrum esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 description 1
- JPYHHZQJCSQRJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phloroglucinol Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)C1=C(O)C=C(O)C=C1O JPYHHZQJCSQRJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000203593 Piper nigrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJGPQPPJQDDCDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;hydron;oxalate Chemical compound N.OC(=O)C(O)=O AJGPQPPJQDDCDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H ferric oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPBSAMLXSQCSOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 ZPBSAMLXSQCSOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloroglucinol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001553 phloroglucinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009494 specialized coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- LXSHJEFJEZVRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;4-diazo-n,n-diethylcyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-amine;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2].CCN(CC)C1=CCC(=[N+]=[N-])C=C1 LXSHJEFJEZVRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/52—Compositions containing diazo compounds as photosensitive substances
- G03C1/60—Compositions containing diazo compounds as photosensitive substances with macromolecular additives
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
- D21H19/40—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/54—Starch
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper
Definitions
- This invention relates to the precoating of reproduction papers, such as those used for blueprints, diazo types, silver prints, brownline or Van Dyke negative prints and, more particularly, it relates to reproduction papers and base carrier sheets having an improved precoat thereon and to an improved method of making the same.
- an improved precoat and precoating method for reproduction sheets in which the precoat can be readily and successfully applied to the base sheet either at the prevailing, sensitizing speeds or at the much faster speeds used by paper mills in the coating of coated book and magazine paper; in which it is economically feasible to apply the precoat at the paper mill because it can be applied by existing high speed coating equipment available at the mill; and which may provide for a substantial upgrading of the base sheet stock and thereby permit of the use-of less costly paper stock.
- a further object is the provision of an improved precoat and precoating method which yields a greater precoat effect than precoats and precoating methods heretofore used.
- precoat that can be applied at greatly increased coating speeds and at the same time will yield prints of great smoothness at full coverage and in the intermediate tones and also the provision of a formulated precoat for prints of increased water fastness and with little or no color shift when wetted.
- Precoating is the name applied to a processing step in the treatment of reproduction papers for the purpose of improving the print quality. Precoating was first introduced and was so named in United States Letters Patent No. 2,433,515, granted on December 30, 194-7, to Edward lahoda, assignor to H. P. Andrews Paper Company (now Reissue Patent No. 23,510, granted June 10, 1952).
- Patent No. 2,433,- 515 provided an inert coating of colloidal silica which was applied to regular diazo type or blueprint base paer, then dried forming a precoat layer on to which the sensitizing layer is superimposed.
- the precoat layer has the effect of increasing the density and thereby the contrast of the final print as compared to the print density that could be obtained by the same sensitizing solution on the same base stock but without the intermediate precoat layer.
- a precoat of the type disclosed in the above patent is not intended to change and, as a matter of fact, does not change the appearance or the feel of the paper stock and its only specific effect is to increase the density of the print resulting after superimposing a sensitized layer on the precoat and making a print therefrom.
- coatings are known and used for the surfaces of film and other similar non-wettable surfaces. Such coatings are known as substrata or subbing and serve to make the non-wettable surfaces more receptive to the sensitizing layer. They generally contain large amounts of organic solvents or swelling agents for the base material and accordingly are not applicable to and do not improve print density if applied to the wettable surfaces of the ordinary reproduction base papers.
- precoats do not contribute to keeping the sensitizing solution on the surface of the base as sometimes it has been wrongly assumed.
- the precoat eifect can be obtained on completely porous papers where the sensitizing solution penetrates through the base sheet.
- Such precoated absorbent papers are useful for chromatographic purposes.
- reproduction papers it is generally desired to keep the sensitizing layer as close to the surface as possible and as compatible with good anchorage and uniform and sutficient depth of the image-forming ingredients.
- sensitizing layers kept close to the surface show greater brilliancy.
- a controlled penetration of a certain depth assures smoothness of the intermediate tones. If the coating speed is increased, the formerly known precoats do not make possible prints where the intermediate tones are of suflicient smoothness. The lack of smoothness is especially pronounced when fast coating speeds are combined with quick drying which is very desirable to create greatest brilliancy in the fully covered areas.
- the reproduction base papers are generally sized which allows only a small and controlled penetration. Sizing tends to reduce the final print density. Precoating does not effect the penetration resistance of the sizing in any way. In other words, it does not improve it nor does it detract from it. Generally speaking, the combination of a sized base paper with a precoat is especially useful.
- the precoat effect is a physical effect depending on the discontinuity of the precoat layer.
- the discontinuous precoat layer is an artificial surface much more receptive for the sensitizing solutions than any natural coating surface.
- Silica was and still is the most effective precoat chemical. its chemical nature.
- the precoat effect can be obtained by materials of larger than colloidal size if their adherence to the base is assured by suitable binders.
- precoat process is now a generally accepted and established part of the art. While precoats containing colloidal silica, such as is disclosed in the above-referred to Patent No. 2,433,515, have generally been the most satisfactory, it has also been proposed to form the precoats from various other materials, such as non-colloidal silica and a suitable binder or from finely-divided alumina or non-colloidal alumina with a suitable binder. In addition, various synthetic resins, combinations of silica and synthetic resins, metal silicates, titanium dioxide and calcium fluoride have been suggested as precoats.
- precoating of reproduction papers is mostly performed by the sensitizers in a continuous operation with the sensitizing and the prevailing coating speeds are between 40 and 120 feet per minute. While attempts have been made to precoat the paper at paper mills using paper coating machines which operate at much greater speeds, this did not prove to be economically feasible or practical. In addition, the precoats heretofore available did not contribute to or enhance the qualities of the base paper. By intensifying the print which was made from the papers, the precoats generally brought out the bad characteristics as well as the good characteristics of the base sheet. The heretofore available precoats do not serve to upgrade the base paper and they do not permit use of less costly stocks.
- the precoats used at the present time consist generally of silica or polystyrene or of a combination of the two and include sometimes certain binders.
- the precoat effect can be greatly refined and increased and that the objects of the present invention can be accomplished by compounding or formulating more sophisticated precoats consisting of particles of silica preferably of colloidal size with particles of barium sulfate which may be larger or smaller than colloidal size in predetermined proportion with or without fine particles of starch and preferably adding thereto a'suitable binder for the barium sulfate and for the starch if any.
- the reproduction material consists of a base sheet or layer which may be paper, cloth or a suitable wettable plastic.
- Our improved precoat is applied to the surface of the base sheet and the light sensitive layer is, in turn, applied thereto.
- the precoat layer as shown is discontinuous and is in finely divided particle form although as indicated the particles may agglomerate to some extent.
- the light sensitive layer is applied to the precoat layer it not only fills the interstices between the particles but also there is a certain amount of interpenetration between the precoat layer and the light sensitive layer as indicated by the cross sectional lines in the drawing and by the dotted line which shows the depth of the interpenetration.
- our improved precoat consists of a uniform mixture of particles of silica preferably of colloidal size with particles of barium sulfate which may be larger than colloidal size and with or without fine particles of starch having a suitable binder for the barium sulfate and the starch, if any.
- the silica preferably should be of an average particle size less than approximately one micron.
- the silica may be in dry powdered fluffy form or may be in aqueous dispersion. If our precoat is used in connection with diazo type reproduction paper, the silica must meet the rigid purity requirements of this process and must be free from iron contamination.
- barium sulfate we may employ either natural or synthetic barium sulfate. However, we prefer to employ the synthetic type known as blanc fixe.
- the particles of barium sulfate may be larger or smaller than colloidal size. We prefer, however, that the particles be no larger than five microns and that the average particle size be approximately one micron or less. If the precoat is used in connection with diazo type reproduction paper, the barium sulfate must meet the rigid purity requirements of this process and must be free from iron contamination.
- Vegetable flour or starch in uncooked form may be used as an addition to the precoat.
- starches which have a small angular grain such as rice starch, buckwheat starch and pepper starch. Particles of starch of this type having a particle size of 3 to 5 microns serve very satisfactorily.
- a binder should be included in the precoat material mixture to cause the barium sulfate and the starch, if any, to adhere and this is particularly true where the particles of barium sulfate are larger than colloidal size.
- Any of the known binders used for thi purpose can be employed, such as casein and its salts, gelatin, non-ionic or cationic aqueous emulsions of polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, gum arabic, or the like. Where casein is used as the binder, a small quantity of alkali, such as ammonia or borax, is added to the slurry so that the casein will be readily soluble in water.
- the proportions of the silica and barium sulfate particles, or of the silica plus barium sulfate, plus the starch particles to each other may be varied depending upon the particular effects desired.
- the silica particles serve primarily to enhance the sparkle, brilliance and the color of the dye in the finished print.
- the barium sulfate serves primarily to upgrade the paper or base stock and to improve the smoothness in full and half tones and to increase the apparent whiteness of the sheet.
- the starch in combination with the silica and the barium sulfate forms a tripartite mixture and improves further and greatly half tone smoothness as well as ink and water fastness of the finished prints.
- the starch further increases the resistance of the paper or base stock to handling marks such as finger prints.
- the proportion of barium sulfate and starch particles may vary from ten parts to tWo parts and ten parts to twenty parts by weight. Sufficient binder should be added to cause the barium sulfate and starch particles, if any, to adhere to the base sheet. We have found that we achieve satisfactory results if the binder added is between approximately eight percent and thirty percent by weight of the barium sulfate and starch, if any, in the precoat.
- silica may be contained in the precoat as well as in the sensitizing solution.
- a slurry is first prepared by mixing the silica and barium sulfate and starch particles if any in the indicated propontions with water.
- the different types of particles may be added together to the Water or each may be mixed separately with the water and then added together.
- a separate aqueous dispersion is preferably prepared from the resin binder and this dispersion isthen added to the water.
- the proportion of water to solid material added to the slurry may be varied but we have found that satisfactory results are obtained if the solid materials make up from etween and 40% of the mix.
- the precoat is then ready to be used. It may be applied to the base sheet either at the paper mill using conventional high-speed coaters, such as the Ross off-machine airknife coater, or it may be applied at the sensitizing plant using conventional blueprintor-reproduction paper coating machines.
- the thickness or weight of the precoat layer may be varied.
- a relatively heavy precoat layer we can upgrade and increase the weight of the base stock.
- we have obtained very satisfactory results by applying approximately three gnams of precoat material (at dry precoat Weight) per square meter of base stock.
- very satisfactory precoat effects can be obtained by using :a substantially lighter precoat layer and we have obtained very satisfactory results by using as little as one gram (precoat dry Weight) per square meter of base stock.
- the precoats embodying our invention exhibit a slight curing effect and they improve on standing for several days.
- the reproduction sheets precoated in this fashion may immediately thereafter have the sensitizing coating applied thereto or they may be stored or shippedto another point to have the sensitizing coating applied thereto at a later date.
- Any suitable light-sensitive layer may be applied to the precoated sheets, such as a blueprint coating layer, a diazo solution, silver emulsion, or a Van Dyke solution.
- the precoated reproduction paper thus formed is of general type shown in the accompanying drawing. Where the precoat is applied to the base sheet at the paper mill by a high-speed coater, it is usually desirable to increase the viscosity of the precoat mixture and this can be accomplished by using a relatively higher proportion of binder.
- a precoat layer embodying our invention is not in the form of a soft rubbery mass or coherent film.
- the particles agglomerate to some extent but nevertheless remain in discontinuous, finely-divided particle form as shown in the drawing and the layer, if not supported, is brittle.
- a layer of this type provides the desirable physical conditions for receiving the lightsensitive layer and for enhancing the sparkle, brilliance and color of the dye in the finished print and for improving the smoothness in full and half tones and increasing the apparent whiteness of the;sheet. Where starch is also employed it provides increased resistance to handling marks such as finger prints.
- the substance weight means the Weight in pounds of five hundred sheets, 17" x 22" in size.
- Example I A precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
- the precoat composition thus prepared was applied by an off-machine airknife coaterto a sulfite diazo base paper of 20 /2 lb. substance weight at a coating speed of 600 f.p.m. and dried by hot air at a temperature of 250 F.
- the substance weight of the precoated dried paper was 22 lbs.
- the precoated paper thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or, if preferred, it was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date.
- a satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated paper with a conventional ammonia .blueline solution, such as Water cc 1000 Citric acid g 3.0 Thiourea g 30 Zinc chloride g 30 2,3dioxy-6-sulfonaphthalene g 60 p-Diazo-diethylaniline zinc chloride double salt g 2 Diethylene glycol cc 20 Saponine g 1 After sensitizing, the paper was dried with .hot air of 250 F.
- the prints of this paper showed considerably more sparkle, more line density and excellent smoothness in the intermediate tones in comparison with prints made from paper precoated with a dispersion of Cab-O-Sil or blanc fixe alone.
- the visual whiteness of the background increased considerably over the sensitized non-precoated base paper.
- the material costs of the precoated paper are the same as for regular 22 lb.-diazo paper.
- Example II A precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
- Water cc 1000 Colloidal size silica particles such as Aerosil g 20 Blane fixe, pulp grade g 200 Gelatin -g 1O Casein g 12.5 Ammonia cc 1.7 Borax g 1.3
- the precoat thus prepared was applied to a 19 lb. sulfite base paper, at a coating speed of 120 f.p.m. and dried with hot air of a temperature of 220 F.
- a precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
- the precoat thus prepared was applied to a 20 lb. sulfite base paper, at a coating speed of 140 f.p.m. and dried at a temperature of the hot air of 250 F. l
- the substance weight of the paper increased to 22 lbs.
- the precoated paper thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or, if preferred, it was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date.
- a satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated sheet with the following redline ammonia process diazo solution:
- Example IV A precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
- the precoated paper thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or, if preferred, it was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date.
- a satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated sheet with the following blueprint coating solution:
- Example V A precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
- the precoat composition thus prepared was applied by an off-machine airknife coater to a sulfite diazo base paper of 20 lb. substance weight at a coating of 600 f.p.m. and dried by hot air at a temperature of 250 F.
- the substance weight of the precoated dried paper was 21 /2 lbs.
- the precoat thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or,'if preferred, it was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date.
- a satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated paper with a conventional semi-moist process diazo solution, such as:
- Example VI A precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
- the substance weight of the paper increased to 21 lbs.
- the precoated paper thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or, if preferred, it was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date.
- a satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated paper with the following conventional ammonia blueline solution, such Water cc 1000 Citric acid g 30 Thiourea g 30 Zinc chloride g 30 2,3-dioxy-6-sulfonaphthalene g 60 p Diazo diethylaniline zinc chloride double salt g Diethylene glycol cc 20 Saponine g 1
- a precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
- Water cc Colloidal size sillica particles such as Aerosil g Blanc fixe g Rice starch, uncooked g Casein g 25 Borax g 2 Ammonia cc 7
- the precoat thus prepared was applied to a 20 lb. sulfite base paper, at a coating speed of 250 f.p.m. and dried with hot air of a temperature of 280 F.
- the substance weight of the paper increased to 21 lbs.
- the precoated paper thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or, if preferred, it was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date.
- a satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated paper with the following conventional ammonia blueline solution, such as:
- the paper was dried with hot air of 280 F.
- the prints of this paper showed considerably more sparkle, more line density and excellent smoothness in full tones and intermediate tones in comparison with prints made from paper precoated with a dispersion of Aerosil or blanc fixe or rice starch alone.
- the visual whiteness of the background increased considerably over the sensitized non-precoated base paper.
- An improved reproduction sheet comprising a nonmetallic base sheet, a precoat layer applied thereto and including a mixture of silica particles, particles of barium sulfate and particles of uncooked starch and a lightsensitive diazo layer applied to said precoat l-ayer, said precoat layer being formed of discontinuous particles substantially uniformly mixed and distributed over said base sheet and with said two layers being in at least partially interpenetrating relationship with respect to each other, with the proportions of the materials being approximately one part by weight of silica and between 1 and 20 parts by weight of barium sulfate and uncooked starch.
Description
Nov. 3, 1964 E. JAHODA ETAL 3,155,511
PRECOATED DIAZO REPRODUCTION PAPER Filed Aug. 26. 1960 LIGHT SENSITIVE DIAZO LAYER INTERPENETRATION ZONE EASE SHEET PIGMENTED PRE-COAT LAYER United States Patent York Fiied Aug. 26, 1960, Ser. No. 52,683 2 Claims. (Cl. 96-75) This invention relates to the precoating of reproduction papers, such as those used for blueprints, diazo types, silver prints, brownline or Van Dyke negative prints and, more particularly, it relates to reproduction papers and base carrier sheets having an improved precoat thereon and to an improved method of making the same.
Among the objects of the present invention is the provision of an improved precoat and precoating method for reproduction sheets in which the precoat can be readily and successfully applied to the base sheet either at the prevailing, sensitizing speeds or at the much faster speeds used by paper mills in the coating of coated book and magazine paper; in which it is economically feasible to apply the precoat at the paper mill because it can be applied by existing high speed coating equipment available at the mill; and which may provide for a substantial upgrading of the base sheet stock and thereby permit of the use-of less costly paper stock.
A further object is the provision of an improved precoat and precoating method which yields a greater precoat effect than precoats and precoating methods heretofore used.
Other objects include the provision of a precoat that can be applied at greatly increased coating speeds and at the same time will yield prints of great smoothness at full coverage and in the intermediate tones and also the provision of a formulated precoat for prints of increased water fastness and with little or no color shift when wetted.
Precoating is the name applied to a processing step in the treatment of reproduction papers for the purpose of improving the print quality. Precoating was first introduced and was so named in United States Letters Patent No. 2,433,515, granted on December 30, 194-7, to Edward lahoda, assignor to H. P. Andrews Paper Company (now Reissue Patent No. 23,510, granted June 10, 1952).
Before the advent of precoating, the efforts to improve print quality in reproduction papers were restricted either to the paper base or to the composition and application of the sensitizing solution. Patent No. 2,433,- 515 provided an inert coating of colloidal silica which was applied to regular diazo type or blueprint base paer, then dried forming a precoat layer on to which the sensitizing layer is superimposed. The precoat layer has the effect of increasing the density and thereby the contrast of the final print as compared to the print density that could be obtained by the same sensitizing solution on the same base stock but without the intermediate precoat layer.
A precoat of the type disclosed in the above patent is not intended to change and, as a matter of fact, does not change the appearance or the feel of the paper stock and its only specific effect is to increase the density of the print resulting after superimposing a sensitized layer on the precoat and making a print therefrom.
Different types of coatings have been known and used for the purpose of changing certain characteristics of the paper stock and among these coatings are lacquer coatings to increase gloss and water-fastness of the base stock, baryta coatings to improve the smoothness of the coating surface and various other coatings of this type. While these coatings are useable and improve certain of the characteristics of the paper stock, they do not have the peculiar precoat effect mentioned above and they do not contribute to an increase of the print density. On the contrary, they frequently decrease the print density and make the base more difiicult to sensitize. As a result, to obtain acceptable prints on coated papers of this type, it is necessary to alter the sensitizing solutions by inclusion of special solvents or to lower the printing speed or to use specialized coating techniques.
Other types of coatings are known and used for the surfaces of film and other similar non-wettable surfaces. Such coatings are known as substrata or subbing and serve to make the non-wettable surfaces more receptive to the sensitizing layer. They generally contain large amounts of organic solvents or swelling agents for the base material and accordingly are not applicable to and do not improve print density if applied to the wettable surfaces of the ordinary reproduction base papers.
In considering precoating of the type with which we are concerned, it should be noted that such precoats do not contribute to keeping the sensitizing solution on the surface of the base as sometimes it has been wrongly assumed. Thus, the precoat eifect can be obtained on completely porous papers where the sensitizing solution penetrates through the base sheet. Such precoated absorbent papers are useful for chromatographic purposes. However, for reproduction papers, it is generally desired to keep the sensitizing layer as close to the surface as possible and as compatible with good anchorage and uniform and sutficient depth of the image-forming ingredients.
sensitizing layers kept close to the surface show greater brilliancy. However, a controlled penetration of a certain depth assures smoothness of the intermediate tones. If the coating speed is increased, the formerly known precoats do not make possible prints where the intermediate tones are of suflicient smoothness. The lack of smoothness is especially pronounced when fast coating speeds are combined with quick drying which is very desirable to create greatest brilliancy in the fully covered areas.
For the purpose of controlled penetration, the reproduction base papers are generally sized which allows only a small and controlled penetration. Sizing tends to reduce the final print density. Precoating does not effect the penetration resistance of the sizing in any way. In other words, it does not improve it nor does it detract from it. Generally speaking, the combination of a sized base paper with a precoat is especially useful.
The precoat effect is a physical effect depending on the discontinuity of the precoat layer. The discontinuous precoat layer is an artificial surface much more receptive for the sensitizing solutions than any natural coating surface. Silica was and still is the most effective precoat chemical. its chemical nature.
- most fibrous surfaces essentially without binder and adheres thereto due to its own nature. But the precoat effect can be obtained by materials of larger than colloidal size if their adherence to the base is assured by suitable binders.
Many attempts have been made to achieve the precoat effect by the inclusion of pigments or resins in the sensitizing solution. Such solutions came to be known as pseudo precoats or one-pot solutions alluding to the inclusion of precoat chemicals such as silica or small angular grain starch in any one pot with the sensitizing solution. While the pseudo precoat led to lasting improvements over prior clean sensitizing solutions, they can themselves be applied to precoated paper and show the precoat effect all over again, on a higher level. Thus, precoating stimulated improvements of the sensitizing solution, but it cannot be replaced by the same.
The precoat process is now a generally accepted and established part of the art. While precoats containing colloidal silica, such as is disclosed in the above-referred to Patent No. 2,433,515, have generally been the most satisfactory, it has also been proposed to form the precoats from various other materials, such as non-colloidal silica and a suitable binder or from finely-divided alumina or non-colloidal alumina with a suitable binder. In addition, various synthetic resins, combinations of silica and synthetic resins, metal silicates, titanium dioxide and calcium fluoride have been suggested as precoats.
At the present time, precoating of reproduction papers is mostly performed by the sensitizers in a continuous operation with the sensitizing and the prevailing coating speeds are between 40 and 120 feet per minute. While attempts have been made to precoat the paper at paper mills using paper coating machines which operate at much greater speeds, this did not prove to be economically feasible or practical. In addition, the precoats heretofore available did not contribute to or enhance the qualities of the base paper. By intensifying the print which was made from the papers, the precoats generally brought out the bad characteristics as well as the good characteristics of the base sheet. The heretofore available precoats do not serve to upgrade the base paper and they do not permit use of less costly stocks.
Accordingly, it is a prime object of the present invention to overcome the difficulties heretofore encountered in the precoating of reproduction papers especially at high coating speeds and to provide a new precoat and precoating method which not only increases the precoat effect but which also improves and upgrades the base paper stock and which can be applied by high speed coating machines with the result that the precoating can now be accomplished economically at the paper mill.
The precoats used at the present time consist generally of silica or polystyrene or of a combination of the two and include sometimes certain binders. We have found that the precoat effect can be greatly refined and increased and that the objects of the present invention can be accomplished by compounding or formulating more sophisticated precoats consisting of particles of silica preferably of colloidal size with particles of barium sulfate which may be larger or smaller than colloidal size in predetermined proportion with or without fine particles of starch and preferably adding thereto a'suitable binder for the barium sulfate and for the starch if any.
In the accompanying drawing we have indicated a crosssectional view of reproduction paper embodying our invention. It will be seen that the reproduction material consists of a base sheet or layer which may be paper, cloth or a suitable wettable plastic. Our improved precoat is applied to the surface of the base sheet and the light sensitive layer is, in turn, applied thereto. The precoat layer as shown is discontinuous and is in finely divided particle form although as indicated the particles may agglomerate to some extent. When the light sensitive layer is applied to the precoat layer it not only fills the interstices between the particles but also there is a certain amount of interpenetration between the precoat layer and the light sensitive layer as indicated by the cross sectional lines in the drawing and by the dotted line which shows the depth of the interpenetration.
As indicated above, our improved precoat consists of a uniform mixture of particles of silica preferably of colloidal size with particles of barium sulfate which may be larger than colloidal size and with or without fine particles of starch having a suitable binder for the barium sulfate and the starch, if any.
The silica preferably should be of an average particle size less than approximately one micron. The silica may be in dry powdered fluffy form or may be in aqueous dispersion. If our precoat is used in connection with diazo type reproduction paper, the silica must meet the rigid purity requirements of this process and must be free from iron contamination.
We may employ either natural or synthetic barium sulfate. However, we prefer to employ the synthetic type known as blanc fixe. The particles of barium sulfate may be larger or smaller than colloidal size. We prefer, however, that the particles be no larger than five microns and that the average particle size be approximately one micron or less. If the precoat is used in connection with diazo type reproduction paper, the barium sulfate must meet the rigid purity requirements of this process and must be free from iron contamination.
Vegetable flour or starch in uncooked form may be used as an addition to the precoat. We prefer to use starches which have a small angular grain such as rice starch, buckwheat starch and pepper starch. Particles of starch of this type having a particle size of 3 to 5 microns serve very satisfactorily.
No binder is required to cause the colloidal silica to adhere to the base sheet. However, a binder should be included in the precoat material mixture to cause the barium sulfate and the starch, if any, to adhere and this is particularly true where the particles of barium sulfate are larger than colloidal size. Any of the known binders used for thi purpose can be employed, such as casein and its salts, gelatin, non-ionic or cationic aqueous emulsions of polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, gum arabic, or the like. Where casein is used as the binder, a small quantity of alkali, such as ammonia or borax, is added to the slurry so that the casein will be readily soluble in water.
The proportions of the silica and barium sulfate particles, or of the silica plus barium sulfate, plus the starch particles to each other may be varied depending upon the particular effects desired. The silica particles serve primarily to enhance the sparkle, brilliance and the color of the dye in the finished print. The barium sulfate serves primarily to upgrade the paper or base stock and to improve the smoothness in full and half tones and to increase the apparent whiteness of the sheet.
The starch in combination with the silica and the barium sulfate forms a tripartite mixture and improves further and greatly half tone smoothness as well as ink and water fastness of the finished prints. The starch further increases the resistance of the paper or base stock to handling marks such as finger prints.
By varying the proportions of the ingredients, variations in these effects can be achieved. In this connection, we have found that in our improved precoat, a synergistic effect is achieved by mixing the different types of particles together and the results obtained exceed those if particles of one type alone were employed. Generally speaking, We have found that satisfactory results are achieved if the proportions of the different size particles are maintained between a lower limit of equal parts of silica and barium sulfate particles or of silica on the one hand and barium sulfate plus starch on the other hand and an upper limit of one part of silica particles to twenty parts of barium sulfate particles or of one part of silica particles to twenty parts of barium sulfate and starch aggregates combined by weight. The proportion of barium sulfate and starch particles may vary from ten parts to tWo parts and ten parts to twenty parts by weight. Sufficient binder should be added to cause the barium sulfate and starch particles, if any, to adhere to the base sheet. We have found that we achieve satisfactory results if the binder added is between approximately eight percent and thirty percent by weight of the barium sulfate and starch, if any, in the precoat.
In preferred embodiments of our invention, We mix together approximately one part by weight of silica with about ten parts by weight of the barium sulfate or one part by weight of silica with about five parts by weight of barium sulfate and five parts of starch, and add suflicient binder within the indicated limits to cause the barium sulfate and starch particles if any to adhere to the base sheet while maintaining a discontinuous coating with separate and discrete particles.
While we prefer to use all ingredients in the precoat it is possible to add either the silica or the starch if any in the sensitizing solution. However, the barium sulfate should not be added to the sensitizing solution.
By using the precoat process of this invention, it is possible to improve the line density still further by adding additional silica to the sensitizing solution. Silica may be contained in the precoat as well as in the sensitizing solution.
In making our improved precoat, a slurry is first prepared by mixing the silica and barium sulfate and starch particles if any in the indicated propontions with water. In this connection, the different types of particles may be added together to the Water or each may be mixed separately with the water and then added together. A separate aqueous dispersion is preferably prepared from the resin binder and this dispersion isthen added to the water. The proportion of water to solid material added to the slurry may be varied but we have found that satisfactory results are obtained if the solid materials make up from etween and 40% of the mix. When the various materials have thus been thoroughly mixed together so as to obtain a uniform distribution of materials, the precoat is then ready to be used. It may be applied to the base sheet either at the paper mill using conventional high-speed coaters, such as the Ross off-machine airknife coater, or it may be applied at the sensitizing plant using conventional blueprintor-reproduction paper coating machines.
The thickness or weight of the precoat layer may be varied. By using a relatively heavy precoat layer, we can upgrade and increase the weight of the base stock. For this purpose we have obtained very satisfactory results by applying approximately three gnams of precoat material (at dry precoat Weight) per square meter of base stock. However, very satisfactory precoat effects can be obtained by using :a substantially lighter precoat layer and we have obtained very satisfactory results by using as little as one gram (precoat dry Weight) per square meter of base stock.
The precoats embodying our invention exhibit a slight curing effect and they improve on standing for several days. The reproduction sheets precoated in this fashion may immediately thereafter have the sensitizing coating applied thereto or they may be stored or shippedto another point to have the sensitizing coating applied thereto at a later date. Any suitable light-sensitive layer may be applied to the precoated sheets, such as a blueprint coating layer, a diazo solution, silver emulsion, or a Van Dyke solution. The precoated reproduction paper thus formed is of general type shown in the accompanying drawing. Where the precoat is applied to the base sheet at the paper mill by a high-speed coater, it is usually desirable to increase the viscosity of the precoat mixture and this can be accomplished by using a relatively higher proportion of binder.
We have found that a precoat layer embodying our invention is not in the form of a soft rubbery mass or coherent film. The particles agglomerate to some extent but nevertheless remain in discontinuous, finely-divided particle form as shown in the drawing and the layer, if not supported, is brittle. A layer of this type provides the desirable physical conditions for receiving the lightsensitive layer and for enhancing the sparkle, brilliance and color of the dye in the finished print and for improving the smoothness in full and half tones and increasing the apparent whiteness of the;sheet. Where starch is also employed it provides increased resistance to handling marks such as finger prints.
In the following examples illustrating specific embodiments of our invention, the substance weight means the Weight in pounds of five hundred sheets, 17" x 22" in size.
Example I A precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
Water cc 1000 Colloidal silica such as'Cab-O-Sil g 30 Blame fixe g 300 Casein g 35 Ammonia cc 4.5 Borax g 2.5
At a paper mill, the precoat composition thus prepared was applied by an off-machine airknife coaterto a sulfite diazo base paper of 20 /2 lb. substance weight at a coating speed of 600 f.p.m. and dried by hot air at a temperature of 250 F.
The substance weight of the precoated dried paper Was 22 lbs. The precoated paper thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or, if preferred, it was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date. A satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated paper with a conventional ammonia .blueline solution, such as Water cc 1000 Citric acid g 3.0 Thiourea g 30 Zinc chloride g 30 2,3dioxy-6-sulfonaphthalene g 60 p-Diazo-diethylaniline zinc chloride double salt g 2 Diethylene glycol cc 20 Saponine g 1 After sensitizing, the paper was dried with .hot air of 250 F.
The prints of this paper showed considerably more sparkle, more line density and excellent smoothness in the intermediate tones in comparison with prints made from paper precoated with a dispersion of Cab-O-Sil or blanc fixe alone. The visual whiteness of the background increased considerably over the sensitized non-precoated base paper.
Due to the substance weight increase, the material costs of the precoated paper are the same as for regular 22 lb.-diazo paper.
Example II A precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
Water cc 1000 Colloidal size silica particles such as Aerosil g 20 Blane fixe, pulp grade g 200 Gelatin -g 1O Casein g 12.5 Ammonia cc 1.7 Borax g 1.3
On a reproduction paper coating machine designed with two front and one back coating station, each consisting of an applicator roller and an airknife and a convection hot air drier after each coating station, the precoat thus prepared was applied to a 19 lb. sulfite base paper, at a coating speed of 120 f.p.m. and dried with hot air of a temperature of 220 F.
The substance weight of the paper increased to 21 lbs. The precoated paper thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or, if preferred, it Was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date. A satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated paper with the following conventional semi-moist process diazo solution, such Water cc 1000 Ammonia oxalate g 20 Oxalic acid g 12 Aluminum sulfate g Thiourea g 10 p-Diazo-benzyl-ethyl aniline zinc chldride double salt g Saponine g 1 Example [I] A precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
Water cc 1000 Colloidal silica such as Cab-O-Sil g Blane fixe g 200 Casein g Ammonia cc 3.3 Borax g 1.7
On a reproduction paper coating machine designed with two front and one back coating station, each consisting of an applicator roller and an airknife and a convection hot air drier after each coating station, the precoat thus prepared was applied to a 20 lb. sulfite base paper, at a coating speed of 140 f.p.m. and dried at a temperature of the hot air of 250 F. l
The substance weight of the paper increased to 22 lbs. The precoated paper thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or, if preferred, it was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date. A satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated sheet with the following redline ammonia process diazo solution:
Water cc 1000 Citric acid g 1,3,6-naphthalene trisulfonic acid g 25 F-salt g 50 Thiourea g p-Diazo-N-oxyethyl-N-ethyl aniline zinc chloride double salt g 20 Diethylene glycol cc 30 After drying, prints were made from this paper. They excelled by their sparkle, line density, and smoothness in the intermediate tones from prints made with paper precoated with either Cab-O-Sil or blame fixe in any practicable concentration alone.
8 Example IV A precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
Water cc 1000 Colloidal silica such as Santocel FR-C g 20 Blanc fixe g 200 Gelatin g 20 On a blueprint paper coating machine of conventional design, equipped with a precoating station, consisting of an applicator roller, and an airknife, a sensitizing solution, consisting of two applicator rollers and an airknife and a hot air convection drier pass after each coating operation, the precoat thus prepared was applied to a 20 lb. substance weight paper of rag content, on the precoat station at a coating speed of f.p.m.
After drying the precoated paper, the substance weight was 21 lbs. The precoated paper thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or, if preferred, it was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date. A satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated sheet with the following blueprint coating solution:
Water cc 1000 Urea g 50 Ammonium oxalate g 50 Ferric ammonium oxalate g Potassium ferricyanide g 40 Ferric oxalate g 40 Saponine g 2 Prints made from this paper after drying showed more sparkle, deeper blue color, better contrast, more smoothness in full and intermediate tones than paper precoated with either the indicated concentration of colloidal silica or blanc fixe alone. The prints excelled by their good washout properties.
Example V A precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
Water cc 1000 Colloidal silica such as Cab-O-Sil g 30 Blane fixe g 150 Rice starch, uncooked g 150 Polyvinyl alcohol, such as Elvanol -g 30 At a paper mill, the precoat composition thus prepared was applied by an off-machine airknife coater to a sulfite diazo base paper of 20 lb. substance weight at a coating of 600 f.p.m. and dried by hot air at a temperature of 250 F.
The substance weight of the precoated dried paper was 21 /2 lbs. The precoat thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or,'if preferred, it was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date. A satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated paper with a conventional semi-moist process diazo solution, such as:
Water cc 1000 Ammonium oxalate g 20 Oxalic acid g 12 Aluminum sulfate g 10 Thiourea g 10 pDiazo-benzyl-ethyl aniline zinc cloride double salt g 20 Saponine g 1 Prints made from this paper and developed with a conventional alkaline phloroglucinol developer showed more sparkle, line color of higher density, more contrast, better coverage, more smoothness in half tones than prints made from paper which was precoated either with a dispersion of Cab-O-Sil, or with a dispersion of blanc fixe or a dispersion of starch alone. The visual whiteness of the background increased considerably over that obtained from a sensitized non-such-precoated sheet.
Example VI A precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
Water cc 1000 Colloidal size silica particles such as Aerosil g 20 Blane fixe g 100 Rice starch, uncooked g 100 Casein g On a reproduction paper coating machine designed with two front and one back coating station, each consisting of an applicator roller and an air knife and a convection hot air drier after each coating station, the precoat thus prepared was applied to a 20 lb. sulfite base paper, at a coating speed of 250 f.p.m. and dried with hot air of a temperature of 280 F.
The substance weight of the paper increased to 21 lbs. The precoated paper thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or, if preferred, it was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date. A satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated paper with the following conventional ammonia blueline solution, such Water cc 1000 Citric acid g 30 Thiourea g 30 Zinc chloride g 30 2,3-dioxy-6-sulfonaphthalene g 60 p Diazo diethylaniline zinc chloride double salt g Diethylene glycol cc 20 Saponine g 1 A precoat composition embodying our invention is prepared by mixing together the following materials in the following indicated proportions:
Water cc Colloidal size sillica particles such as Aerosil g Blanc fixe g Rice starch, uncooked g Casein g 25 Borax g 2 Ammonia cc 7 On a reproduction paper coating machine designed with two front and one back coating station, each consisting of an applicator roller and an air knife and a convection hot air drier after each coating station, the precoat thus prepared was applied to a 20 lb. sulfite base paper, at a coating speed of 250 f.p.m. and dried with hot air of a temperature of 280 F.
The substance weight of the paper increased to 21 lbs. The precoated paper thus formed was ready to be immediately coated with a light-sensitive layer or, if preferred, it was suitable for storing or shipping to be coated at a later date. A satisfactory reproduction paper was produced by sensitizing the precoated paper with the following conventional ammonia blueline solution, such as:
After sensitizing, the paper was dried with hot air of 280 F.
The prints of this paper showed considerably more sparkle, more line density and excellent smoothness in full tones and intermediate tones in comparison with prints made from paper precoated with a dispersion of Aerosil or blanc fixe or rice starch alone. The visual whiteness of the background increased considerably over the sensitized non-precoated base paper.
Due to the substance weight increase, the material costs of this precoated paper are the same as for regular 21 lb. diazo paper.
In each of the foregoing examples, it should be understood that the proportions of the ingredients may be varied within the indicated limits and different binders may be substituted for those specifically indicated in the examples. Also under certain circumstances where it is not desired or where it is not necessary to upgrade the base paper stock a lighter precoat layer may be applied to the stock.
From the foregoing description and examples of our precoated reproduction paper and method of making the same, it will be seen that we obtain a greater precoat effect than precoats or precoating methods heretofore employed; that the precoat can be readily applied to the base sheet either at the prevailing speeds or at the much faster speeds used by paper mills and that substantial upgrading of the base sheet stock is obtained.
Modifications may be made in the illustrated and described embodiments of our invention without departing from the invention as set forth in the accompanying claims.
We claim:
1. An improved reproduction sheet comprising a nonmetallic base sheet, a precoat layer applied thereto and including a mixture of silica particles, particles of barium sulfate and particles of uncooked starch and a lightsensitive diazo layer applied to said precoat l-ayer, said precoat layer being formed of discontinuous particles substantially uniformly mixed and distributed over said base sheet and with said two layers being in at least partially interpenetrating relationship with respect to each other, with the proportions of the materials being approximately one part by weight of silica and between 1 and 20 parts by weight of barium sulfate and uncooked starch.
2. An improved reproduction sheet as set forth in claim 1 in which the precoat layer includes a binder.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,989,879 Murck Feb. 5, 1935 2,207,695 Cummings July 9, 1940 2,287,161 Ball June 23, 1942 2,433,515 lahoda Dec. 30, 1947 (fither references on following page) 1 1 12 UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,807,545 Frederick Sept. 24, 1957 66,709 t D 51 2,993,793 Beersn 1ans et a1. July 25, 1961 3,291,309 2g? 13 3,015,575 McKmght et a1. Ian. 2, 1962 2,662,013 Sulich et a1 Dec. 8, 1953 2,726,956 Jahoda Dec. 13, 1955 v OTHER REFERENCES 2,772,974 Kosalek et a] Dec 4 1955 Kroger: Some Aspects of the Lumlnescense of Sohds, 2,7 0,547 F l e 1, 5, 1957 Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc., N.Y., Amsterdam, London 2,781,265 Von Meister Feb. 12, 1957 and Brussels, pages 291 and 2,784,089 Frederick Mar. 5, 1957
Claims (1)
1. AN IMPROVED REPRODUCTION SHEET COMPRISING A NONMETALLIC BASE SHEET, A PRECOAT LAYER APPLIED THERETO AND INCLUDING A MIXTURE OF SILICA PARTICLES, PARTICLES OF BARIUM SULFATE AND PARTICLES OF UNCOOKED STARCH AND A LIGHTSENSITIVE DIAZO LAYER APPLIED TO SAID PRECOAT LAYER, SAID PRECOAT LAYER BEING FROMED OF DISCONTINUOUS PARTICLES SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORMLY MIXED AND DISTRIBUTED OVER SAID BASE SHEET AND WITH SAID TWO LAYERS BEING IN AT LEAST PARTIALLY INTERPENETRATING RELATIONSHIP WITH RESPECT TO EACH OTHER, WITH THE PROPORTIONS OF THE MATERIALS BEING APPROXIMATELY ONE PART BY WEIGHT OF SILICA AND BETWEEN 1 AND 20 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF BARIUM SULFATE AND UNCOOKED STARCH.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US52083A US3155511A (en) | 1960-08-26 | 1960-08-26 | Precoated diazo reproduction paper |
DEA37789A DE1240398B (en) | 1960-08-26 | 1961-07-03 | Reproduction paper, consisting of a backing, a barium sulfate and silicon dioxide containing precoat and any light-sensitive layer |
FR868414A FR1295698A (en) | 1960-08-26 | 1961-07-19 | Pre-coated advanced reproduction paper and method of making it |
GB26353/61A GB943113A (en) | 1960-08-26 | 1961-07-20 | Improvements relating to reproduction papers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US52083A US3155511A (en) | 1960-08-26 | 1960-08-26 | Precoated diazo reproduction paper |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3155511A true US3155511A (en) | 1964-11-03 |
Family
ID=21975355
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US52083A Expired - Lifetime US3155511A (en) | 1960-08-26 | 1960-08-26 | Precoated diazo reproduction paper |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3155511A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1240398B (en) |
GB (1) | GB943113A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3321310A (en) * | 1964-01-07 | 1967-05-23 | Hercules Inc | Diazotype reproduction material |
US3420666A (en) * | 1964-10-15 | 1969-01-07 | Gaf Corp | Two-component heat developing diazotypes |
US3431109A (en) * | 1964-10-16 | 1969-03-04 | Addressograph Multigraph | Heat sensitive diazotype materials |
US3460943A (en) * | 1962-07-06 | 1969-08-12 | Gaf Corp | Diazotype materials containing modified starch |
US4268600A (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1981-05-19 | Issec and Tissages de Soieries Rennis | Process for photochemically coloring textiles using photosensitive triazene and coupler therefor |
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US1989879A (en) * | 1932-01-19 | 1935-02-05 | Bruning Charles Co Inc | Photographic line printing |
US2207695A (en) * | 1938-10-28 | 1940-07-09 | Interchem Corp | Photographic paper |
US2287161A (en) * | 1940-01-23 | 1942-06-23 | Du Pont | Coated cellulosic products and method for producing the same |
US2433515A (en) * | 1945-04-18 | 1947-12-30 | H P Andrews Paper Company | Method of making photographic paper |
US2566709A (en) * | 1947-10-30 | 1951-09-04 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Diazotype photoprinting materials containing colloidal silica |
US2591309A (en) * | 1945-11-10 | 1952-04-01 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Photographically sensitive diazotype element |
US2662013A (en) * | 1951-07-18 | 1953-12-08 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Diazotype photoprinting material |
US2726956A (en) * | 1953-12-18 | 1955-12-13 | H P Andrews Paper Company | Photographically sensitive diazo paper |
US2772974A (en) * | 1954-02-10 | 1956-12-04 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Light sensitive diazotype materials |
US2780547A (en) * | 1954-06-30 | 1957-02-05 | Bruning Charles Co Inc | Diazotype photoprinting materials and processes for preparing same |
US2781265A (en) * | 1952-03-15 | 1957-02-12 | Keuffel & Esser Co | Photosensitive material |
US2784089A (en) * | 1953-09-23 | 1957-03-05 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Light sensitive diazotype compositions containing silica pigment |
US2807545A (en) * | 1952-07-18 | 1957-09-24 | Dick Co Ab | Process of applying a diazotype photoprinting material to a base and the resultant article |
US2993793A (en) * | 1954-02-16 | 1961-07-25 | Gevaert Photo Prod Nv | Manufacture of noncurling multilayer material |
US3015575A (en) * | 1958-03-10 | 1962-01-02 | Oxford Paper Co | Pressure-sensitive, heat-resistant recording material and method of making same |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE548879A (en) * | 1956-06-22 |
-
1960
- 1960-08-26 US US52083A patent/US3155511A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1961
- 1961-07-03 DE DEA37789A patent/DE1240398B/en active Pending
- 1961-07-20 GB GB26353/61A patent/GB943113A/en not_active Expired
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1989879A (en) * | 1932-01-19 | 1935-02-05 | Bruning Charles Co Inc | Photographic line printing |
US2207695A (en) * | 1938-10-28 | 1940-07-09 | Interchem Corp | Photographic paper |
US2287161A (en) * | 1940-01-23 | 1942-06-23 | Du Pont | Coated cellulosic products and method for producing the same |
US2433515A (en) * | 1945-04-18 | 1947-12-30 | H P Andrews Paper Company | Method of making photographic paper |
US2591309A (en) * | 1945-11-10 | 1952-04-01 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Photographically sensitive diazotype element |
US2566709A (en) * | 1947-10-30 | 1951-09-04 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Diazotype photoprinting materials containing colloidal silica |
US2662013A (en) * | 1951-07-18 | 1953-12-08 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Diazotype photoprinting material |
US2781265A (en) * | 1952-03-15 | 1957-02-12 | Keuffel & Esser Co | Photosensitive material |
US2807545A (en) * | 1952-07-18 | 1957-09-24 | Dick Co Ab | Process of applying a diazotype photoprinting material to a base and the resultant article |
US2784089A (en) * | 1953-09-23 | 1957-03-05 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Light sensitive diazotype compositions containing silica pigment |
US2726956A (en) * | 1953-12-18 | 1955-12-13 | H P Andrews Paper Company | Photographically sensitive diazo paper |
US2772974A (en) * | 1954-02-10 | 1956-12-04 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Light sensitive diazotype materials |
US2993793A (en) * | 1954-02-16 | 1961-07-25 | Gevaert Photo Prod Nv | Manufacture of noncurling multilayer material |
US2780547A (en) * | 1954-06-30 | 1957-02-05 | Bruning Charles Co Inc | Diazotype photoprinting materials and processes for preparing same |
US3015575A (en) * | 1958-03-10 | 1962-01-02 | Oxford Paper Co | Pressure-sensitive, heat-resistant recording material and method of making same |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3460943A (en) * | 1962-07-06 | 1969-08-12 | Gaf Corp | Diazotype materials containing modified starch |
US3321310A (en) * | 1964-01-07 | 1967-05-23 | Hercules Inc | Diazotype reproduction material |
US3420666A (en) * | 1964-10-15 | 1969-01-07 | Gaf Corp | Two-component heat developing diazotypes |
US3431109A (en) * | 1964-10-16 | 1969-03-04 | Addressograph Multigraph | Heat sensitive diazotype materials |
US4268600A (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1981-05-19 | Issec and Tissages de Soieries Rennis | Process for photochemically coloring textiles using photosensitive triazene and coupler therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB943113A (en) | 1963-11-27 |
DE1240398B (en) | 1967-05-11 |
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