US315406A - Wood planina machine - Google Patents

Description

@NQ Modem 5 sheets-sheet 1.' W; H. GRAY 8v A. HUTGHINSON.A

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W.\H. GRAY& A; HUTGHINSON. Woon PLANING-MAGHINB. Y Y NO- 315,406 Patented Apr. 7, 1885.`

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

W. H. GRAY & A. HUTCHINSON.

WOOD PLANING MACHINE.

Patented Apr. 7; 1885.l

(No ModeL) 5 SheetsrShevet 4. W. H. GRAY & A. HUTCHINSON.

v WGOD PLANING MACHINE. No. 315,406.

Patented Apr. 7, 1885.

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W. H. GRAY & A. HUTCHINSON WOOD PLANING MACHINE.

l No. 315,406. Patented Apr. 7, 1885.

@wwf/wn@ f u Prrz'na Pham-ummm wmingm ma o UNITED STATES PATENT "()EEICEgD j WILLIAM H. GRAY AND ALERED HUTcHINsoN, E BROOKLYN, NEWYORK,

AssIeNoRs rro rrHE GLEN oovE MACHINE COMPANY,` (LIMITEH) on SAME PLACE.

woon-PLANING MACHINE.

ldal?ECD'ICVATION' forming part of Letters Patent No. 315,406, dated Apri17, 1885,

Application filed January 26, 1885. (No model.)

To wllwhlom it may concern,.-

Be it known that we, WILLIAM H. GRAY Vand ALFRED H U'rcHINsoN, both of Brook- `planing machines in which an upper cutter shaft and head are employed, whether they t are provided with an under cutter shaft or head or not. Y

Ordinarily the journal-boxes of the upper cutter-shaft have beentied together and held in line by a yoke or cross-bar attached to them y at its ends and extending across through thel the cutter-head boxes by means which are against the work.

above the bed and platen -plate, and which permit of the ready removal of the cutterhead, its journal-boxes, and the means whereby they are connected and braced without removing the'platen-plate.

In connection with each of the side cutterheads of'a planing-machine is usually em-V ployed a chip-breaker and shaving-bonnet, the one o n one side of the machine being usually fixed but-adj ustable, and the one on the other side of the machine being commonly acted upon by a spring to hold it forcibly l When a heavy cutis being made, the chip-breaker is of course pressed back by the lumber, the spring being thereby compressed. Consequently, the chip-breaker heretofore used has been pressed most strongly against the work at the very time when the heaviest cut is. being taken, and the unusual resistance to the. feed due to the extra heavy cut has `been augmented by. the increased pressure of the spring-actuated chip-breaker.

Anotherobject of our invention is to provide ai movable and self-adj usting chip-breaker,` which, in lieu of being pressed more forcibly against the work when a heavy cutis beber passes.

ing takenp vwillv be `then pressed against the work with no moreforce,and, preferably, even with less force, so that the resistance to the l feed produced by the 'chip-breaker will be actually reduced when by a heavy cut the resistance produced by the cutter-head is increased. By such provision we render more nearly uniform the sum of the resistance to the feed which is produced by the cutter-'head and chip-breaker.

Ordinarilythe two side `cutter-spindles are journaled in frames' which are mounted on a transverse bar, along which they may be Inoved f in a direction transversely of the machine-by y means of adjusting-screws to bring one or both side cutter-heads into position for acting on the edge or edges of the lumber. Each spindla-supporting frame hasat the top a side head-plate having a narrow raised portion which should be level with the platen-plate,

and over and in contactwith which the lum- The narrow worksupporting surfaces of the side head-plates become worn rapidly; and a further object ofthe invention is to provide for the ready adjustmentrof the side head-plates, and with them the spindlesupporting frames, cutter-heads, and chipbreakerss o that the work-supportingsur-` faces of said head-plates may be set level with l the platen-plate. y

The chip-breaker,which is commonly xed in position while the machine is in operation, 1

should-come as near as possible to the cutting `j circle of the side cutter-head in conjunction with which it acts; and a further object of" 35 l the invention is to provide for the adjustment of the normally-fixed chip-breaker'in adirec- I tion lengthwise of the machine and relatively to theside guide which extends usnallyfrom f ism, whereby ythe feed may, withoutchange the feediuv @nu of the machinaal-ward bei. g y

of belts or pullcys,be varied when changing lfrom one quality of lumberlto anotherforgs I where a light cut is commenced at one end "ofil y l the lumber and becomes. gradually heavier, owing to the increased thickness of the. luxnkil ber. When the speed of the cutter-heads becomes slacked by reason of the heavy cut, the feeding can by our improvedmechanism be readily lessened until the cutter-heads attain their normal speed.

All the above objects and others of minor importance are attained by combinations of parts and features of construction,which will be hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of as much of a planing-machine as is necessary to illustrate the invention, representing the feeding end of a machine and rearward therefrom to a point beyond the side cutter-heads, a portion of the machine between the feeding end and the feed-rolls being broken away to reduce the length of the figure. Fig. 2 is a plan of as much of the machine as is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents one of the chip-breakers and the corresponding side guide detached from other parts. Fig. 4t is a longitudinal vertical section of as much of the machine as is shown in Figs. l and 2. Fig. 5 represents the lower portion of one of the side cutterspindles and a sectional View of a step therefor. Fig. 6is a horizontal section of the spindle and a plan of the step, the cover of the latter being removed. Fig, 7 is a transverse vertical section on the plane of the dotted line :c m, Fig. l. Fig. 8 is a similar section on the plane of the dotted line y y, Fig. l; and Fig. 9 is an elevation, partly in section, of the bed, platen-plate, and the journal-boxes and appurtenances of the upper cutter-head.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.Y

A designates the main side frames of the machine, and A transverse or cross-sections of the framing.

B designates the bed or grating at the feeding end of the machine over which the lumber is passed into the machine, and B designates the cutter bed on which is supported the platen-plate B2.

C designates the upper cutter-head, preferably formed of steel, with solid integral journals a,mounted in suitable journal-boxes, C". As shown in Fig. 4, the cutter-head C is preferably grooved or channeled for the attachment of cutters or knives, and its boxes C are fitted to slideways a', shown as slightly inclined, and along which they may be moved by screws a2, to raise and lower the cutterhead C. One such screw a2 is provided for eachjournal-box G. The screw is held against lengthwise movement in a suitable bearing, and engages with a nut on the box. Both the screws a2 are geared together bya cross-shaft, as, and suitable bevel-wheels, a4, and by turning said shaft, which may be donc by a wrench applied to the end thereof, the boxes and cutter-head may be raised and lowered in a wellknown manner. After the boxes C are properly adjusted they may be clamped in place by suitable nuts and bolts, c5, as is usual in planing-macliiees.

On the journal-boxes C are projecting flanges or brackets b, and D designates a cross-bar or tie-piece which is secured at its ends by bolts b to these flanges or brackets. This bar D extends across the machine back of the cutter-head C, and serves to tie thev boxes C together and hold them rigidly in alignment.

In or projecting from the bar D, and formed integral therewith by casting, are pockets or housings c, and in these pockets or housings are tted the ends of a presser-bar, D', which extends across parallel with and in front of the cross -bar D. At the two ends of the presser-bar D are screws c', which are held against lengthwise movement in the pockets or housings c, and by turning which the presserbar D may be adjusted upward and downward. The construction and relative arrangement of these parts are best shown in Fig. 9. rlhe construction of the pockets or housings c for the presser-bar D in the bar D, and the arrangement of this latter bar behind the cutter-head C, enables the boxes C and the two bars D D to be removed from the machine as one piece for repair or any other purpose, and without loosening and removing the platen-plate B2.

Inasmuch as the pockets or housings c for the ends of the presser-bar D are formed on and rigidly connected by the same cross-bar D which connects the journal-boxes C', the pockets or housings are kept in line, and there is no danger of the ends of the presser-bar binding in them, Y

In front of the cutter-head C are the upper and lower feed-rolls, EE. The lower roll, E, is in fixed bearings d; but the bearings d of the upper roll, E, are held in place by yokes or frames d2, which are capable of sliding upward and downward on uprights or standards d3 to vary the distance between the rolls, and may be thus adjusted each by a screw, di. The two screws d, at opposite sides of the machine, are geared together by a cross-shaft, d5, and bevel-wheels d6, and by this means the upper roll, E, may be raised and lowered. The feed-rolls are driven from a counter-shaft, E2,which is j ournaled in boxes e, and this shaft, through a pinion, e', a wheel, c, a pinion, e3, and a wheel, e, or any other suitable system of gears, drives the lower feed-roll, E.

In front of the rolls E E are two shafts, e5 e, which are connected together and with the shafts or journals of the two feed-rolls by swinging arms e7 e8 and links or rods e, and by means of wheels el on the lower feed-roll, wheels eu e, whereby the shafts are geared together, and other wheels, els, on the upper feed-roll, the upper feed-roll is driven and provision is afforded for adjusting it without interfering with its driving. The shafts e5 c and their wheels and attachments are supported by the lower shaft, e5, overlapping and IOO IIO

resting Aon the side frames, A, or the uprights or standards d3. l i .FF l designate the two upright side cutterspindles, which are arranged side by sideV transversely of the machine,and carry at their upper ends side cutter-heads, F.- Each shaft is supported in bearingsf in a frame, F2, and has at the bottom a step-bearing, also attached to the frame. The construction of this step 1o is shown in Figs. 5 and 6. It consists of a bracket or socket-piece, f, in whichk is tted a cup, f 2, which is here shown as polygonal in shape, and may be set up or raised by a setscrew, f?. This cup f2 is shown as larger than i 5 the shaft or spindle F, and `is intended to hold oil. In its bottom is a removable disk or plate,

, f, on which the end of the spindle rests, and whichmay be renewed when worn out. The upward movement of the spindle is prevented :zo by a fast collar, f5, thereon bearing against the lower bearing, f, and the wear may be compensated for by setting up the screw f3. This step-bearing is closed by a removable cap or cover, f6. i

The spindle-frames F2 are supported by a bar, G, extending transversely across the machine, each frame having a split sleeve or col. lar, fl, and a bolt, fw, whereby it is secured on said bar, and the frames F2 also bear near 3o their lower ends against a cross-bar, f8, and have yokes or loops f", which loosely embrace said bar f8. The bar G, which is non-rotary,

is supported at its ends in bearings g, formed' in plates or cheek-pieces g, bolted to the side frames, A, as shown in Figs. 1 and 7, by bolts 9*, which passthrough slots g2 therein.` In the bearings g are set-screws g3, whereby the bar G may be held against turning, and below them are also set-screws g4, which are in- 4o serted through a portion of the frames A and bear against said bearings. By turning the set-screws gt the bar G, the spindle-frames F2, and all attachments thereof may be raised and lowered, for a purpose hereinafter described, and by then tightening the bolt y* the sideplates or cheek-pieces g and the bar Gmay be securely held after adjustment.

The spi-ndle-frames F2and all their appurtenances may be adjusted toward and from each 5o other by screws g5 g, which are held against lengthwise movement in the cheek-piece g, and engage with nuts, one on each frame F2.

Just below' each side cutter-head, F', is a head-plate, F3, on the frame F2, and these head plates have raised surfaces h, which should be level with the platen-plate B2. Th ese surfaces, being narrow and being rapidly worn. require to'be adjusted into position relatively to 'the .platen-plate B2. AThe adjusting-screwsg4 pro- 6o vide for such adjustment. Toeach side headplate, F3, is adj ustably secured by means of a bolt and slot, h lit, an upright or knee-piece, h2,'which` forms an edge guide, and has secured to'it, also adjustably, a lip or top guide, h3, as best shown in Fig. 7.

To the side head-plates, F3, are attached chip-breakers H Hi, each presenting a curved surface on the side of theside cutter-head.` which conforms quite closely to the cuttingl circle 'and forms a shaving-bonnet, whereby" shavings from the side head are directed in a lateral direction from the machine. The chipbreaker HA is here shown as adjustably fixed in position, while the chip-breaker H is movable and made to exert a yielding pressure on the edge ofthe lumber. l

n I designates a side oredge guide extending rearward from the feeding end of the machine over the platen-plate B2, and having its. rear end flattened or extended laterally. The chipbreaker H| is secured to the edge or side guide,l I,by bolts h4 and slots h4*, as shown in Fig. 3,

and hence may be adjusted relatively to the edge guide,l,toward andfrom the side cutterhead, F', in conjunction with which it operates.

The chip-breaker H consists of a lever fulf crumed at h5, to swing in a horizontal plane and limited in its movements by a pin or bolt and slot, hshsl, or other suitable stop. At'its outer and under side this side head-plate, F3, is rabbeted or recessed to receive another horizontally-moving lever, I, fulcrumed att' andK having its rear' end bearing on a pin, hl, projee-ting downward from the lever-like chipbreaker H, as shown in Fig. 1.

The forward end of the lever Ihas attached to it a link or rod, i', whereby it is connected with a lever, I2, fulcrumed` at 2 to the head-` plate F3, andon which is an adjustable weight, i3, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 7. This weight 'i3 always holds the point of the chip-breaker H against the side of the work; butwhen a very thick side cutis being taken the chip` breaker is pressed back, and thereby raisesV u the weight3 more nearly perpendicular,whe`re it exerts a diminished force, owing to its decreased leverage.

heavy cut the resistance due to the pressure ofthe chip-breaker is decreased, and the sum of the two resistances to the feed is more nearly uniform. Ifdesired,both chip-breakers might Hence it will be seen that when the resistance is increased because of a be made to yield inthe way described with reference to the chip-breaker H. ,j

We will now describe the feed mechanism and theV method of driving the several parts. At the feeding end of the machineis acrossshaft, J, on which arefast and loose drivingpulleys J J2 for a driving-belt, and pulleys J, or a drum from which motion is transmitted by quarter-twist belts to the pulleys f1 on the side cutter-spindles, F These -belts are hereomitted in order that other "parts" per cutter-head, C, but these are omitted, as

they form rio-part of our invention.

K designates a shaft extended transversely across the machine and mounted in bearings j. Upon its end is a pulley, K, as shown in Fig. l, and by reference to said gnre it will be seen that the bolt .I5 partly encircles the pulley K, and so imparts to the shaft K a constant and uniform rotary motion. This shaft K may be termed the driving feedshaft,77 and parallel with it, and in bearings i2 is a second shaft, L, which we may term the driven feed-shaft]7 The shaft L receives from the uniformly-rotating shaft K a Variable speed, as we shall soon describe, and through a pulley, js, on its end. a belt, y, and a pulley, ji, on the shaft E2, all as shown in Fig. 1 such a variable rotation is imparted to the latter shaft and thence to the feed-rolls.

Where there is a lower cutter-head, it may be driven by a belt passing around the pulley K beneath the belt J5, and, like said pulley, receiving motion from the belt J 5.

Fast on the shaft K are two pairs of reversely-set conical friction-wheels, k k 7a2 k3, and ranging therewith on the shaft L are a corresponding number of reversely-set conical wheels, ZZ Z2Z3. Not only are the wheels .of each pair Z Z or ZZ Z3 set reversely to each other, but the wheels of each pair are set reversely to the corresponding pair of wheels, k k or k2 k3. The pairs of wheels Z Z and Z2 Z3 are loose and free to slide on the shaft L, with which they are connected by splines or feathers e, and the wheels of each pair are connected so as to move as one piece. When the wheels Z Z, &c., are in mid-position, as shown in Fig. 2, they are out of contact-with and receive n0 motion from the wheels 7c k', Snc. 5 but vwhen a pair of wheels, ZZ, for example, are

moved one way or the other one or other of them is brought into frictional gear with the wheel 7c orv k', and the pair of wheels Z Z are thereby driven and transmit motion to the shaft L. It will be observed that the wheels k k', Sto., decrease in diameter in the order named, while the wheels Z Z', Ste., increase in diameter in the order named. It will therefore be readily understood that when the wheel Zis brought into'frictional gear with the wheel k the shaft L and the feed-rolls E Il, deriving motion therefrom, will be driven faster than when the wheel Z3 is in frictional gear with and receives motion from the wheel k3.

Above the sliding friction-wheelsZ Z', &c., are two bars, m m', capable of sliding lengthwise, and having the two pairs of wheels Z Z and Z2 Z3 connected with them by arms or hangers n a.

through any wheel 7a 7c', Src., and its corresponding wheel, Z Z, Snc., and the feed may thereby be varied, as may be desired.

The wheels 7c 7c', 85o., may be of paper, and the wheels Z Z, Sto., of metal, or'they may be of any other materials which will give the required amount of friction and not be subject to excessive wear.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a wood-planing machine, the combination, with a platen-plate and an upper cutter-head and its j ournal-boxes above the platen-plate, of a presser-bar and pockets or housings wherein said bar maybe adjusted vertically,and a cross-bar independent of the presser-bar extending across the machine above the platen-plate and connecting the pockets or housings and journal-boxes, substantially as herein described.

2. The combination, with the platen-plate B2 and upper cutter-head and journal-boxes C C', of a presser-bar, D', and a crossbar, D, connecting the journal-boxes C', and provided with pockets or housings c, wherein the ends of the presser-bar are adjustable vertically, and which are kept in line by the cross-bar D, substantially asherein described. v

3. The combination, with the side cutterhead of a vwood-planing machine, of a chipbreaker movable toward and from the work, a weight, and connections through which the weight produces a variable pressure of the chip-breaker upon the lumber, such pressure being decreased as the thickness of the cut increases, substantially as herein described.

4. The combination, with a side cutterhead, F, a head-plate, F3, b elow the same, and a chip-breaker, II, pivoted at h5, and movable on the head-plate toward and from the work, of the weight Z3, and the levers I I, and rod i', through which the chip-breaker is pressed' against the work with a force which decreases as the thickness of the cut increases, substantially as herein described.

5. The combination, with the side cutterspindle, Fit, and head-plate F3 of a wood-planing machine, of a frame, F2, wherein the spindle is journaled and which supports the headplate F3, a cross-bar, G, supporting the frame F2, and along which said frame is movable, and slotted plates g', in which the ends of the bar G are supported and which are bolted to the side frames of the machine, and screws g3,

IIO

whereby said slotted plates with the bar G machine relatively to the cutter-head and l which the pairs of sliding friction-wheels are guide, substantially as herein-described. moved in one or other direction by the move-` I5 7. In a Wood-planing machine, .the combiment of said levers, the counter-shaft E2 and' nation, with the driving and driven -feed feed-rolls geared therewith, and a belt and 5 shafts KV L, arranged parallel with each other pulleys for transmitting a variable rotary monear the 'front end of the machine and their tion from the shaft L to the shaft E, substanreversely-set conical friction-wheels arranged tially as herein described. as escribed, the Wheels on the shaft K being fast thereon, and the Wheels on the shaft L XTYIRDGFEHINSON 1o vbeing connected in pairs and having a slidl ing connection With-the shaft L, of a belt and Witnesses: pulleys for driving the shaft K, levers at the GEO. W. PAYNTAR, front end of the machine, connections through J AMES F. WELCH.

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