US3140210A - Binder system for propellants and explosives - Google Patents
Binder system for propellants and explosives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3140210A US3140210A US254822A US25482263A US3140210A US 3140210 A US3140210 A US 3140210A US 254822 A US254822 A US 254822A US 25482263 A US25482263 A US 25482263A US 3140210 A US3140210 A US 3140210A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- explosives
- propellants
- binder system
- ingredients
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improved binder compositions and the preparation thereof. More specifically, it relates to an improved binder system for plastic-bonded explosives and composite propellants.
- the general purpose of this invention is to provide a binder system for composite propellants and cast explosives which embraces all the advantages of similarly employed binder systems and possesses none of the aforementioned disadvantages.
- An object of the present invention is the provision of a binder composition which is compatible with a large number of high energy ingredients used in explosives and propellants.
- Another object is the provision of a low viscosity binder composition which permits high loading of propellant and explosive ingredients.
- a further object of the invention is the provision of a binder system which will give increased energy to explosive and propellant compositions.
- Still another object is to provide a binder system which has good adhesive properties.
- this invention contemplates a basic binder composition
- a basic binder composition comprising about 30 to 40% by weight castor oil (CasO), about 11 to 15% by weight dipropylene glycol (DPG), about 20 to 30% by Weight 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and about 15 to 35% by weight trimethylol ethane trinitrate (TMETN).
- CasO castor oil
- DPG dipropylene glycol
- TDI 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate
- TMETN trimethylol ethane trinitrate
- the binder composition is prepared by mixing castor oil, dipropylene glycol and tolylene diisocyanate in a reaction flask for about twenty minutes. at 32 F. This reaction is highly exothermic and the viscosity of the reactants can be controlled by keeping the temperature below 120 F. Since a by-product of the reaction is carbon dioxide, the reaction must be carried out under vacuum if a bubble-free product is desired. However, it is possible to mix under normal pressure and degas the product after mixing. The trimethylol ethane trinitrate is added after the mixing step.. Atithis pointthe binder compositioniisreadyto be mixed with explosive or propellant. ingredients and; .castinto a-suitablc container (rocket motor,
- polymer should be cured for five days at 120 F. Shorter curing times if desired may be obtained by increasing the curing temperature or by adding a catalyst such as ferric acetyl acetonate in an amount not exceeding one part per 50 parts of polymer.
- the basic binder formulation may be modified by increasing or decreasing the percent of trimethylol ethane trinitrate (TMETN).
- TMETN trimethylol ethane trinitrate
- the binder with no TMETN has a strength of 2500 psi. and 150% elongation; the binder with 30% TMETN has a tensile strength of 200 psi and an elongation of 200%.
- other nitrated plasticizers such as diethylene glycol dinitrate, 1,4-butanediol dinitrate, polyglycidal nitrate, and pentaerythritol trinitrate may be substituted for trimethylol ethane trinitrate.
- dipropylene glycol may be replaced with polypropylene glycol.
- a binder composition comprising the following ingredients:
- a binder composition consisting essentially of the following ingredients:
- a binder composition consisting essentially of the following ingredients:
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Description
United States Patent BINDER SYSTEM FOR PROPELLAN TS AND EXPLOSIVES Henry T. Sampson, Urbana, 11]., assignor to the United The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
The present invention relates to improved binder compositions and the preparation thereof. More specifically, it relates to an improved binder system for plastic-bonded explosives and composite propellants.
In the fields concerned with compressible explosives and cast composite propellants it has been found that most of the binder materials in use have high initial viscosity so that a high percentage of solid ingredients cannot be combined or worked in and the product remain compressible or castable. Most of the binders being used today, including polyurethanes, polysulfides, and nitrocellulose plastisols, require high curing temperatures in order to achieve the desired physical properties.
The general purpose of this invention is to provide a binder system for composite propellants and cast explosives which embraces all the advantages of similarly employed binder systems and possesses none of the aforementioned disadvantages.
An object of the present invention is the provision of a binder composition which is compatible with a large number of high energy ingredients used in explosives and propellants.
Another object is the provision of a low viscosity binder composition which permits high loading of propellant and explosive ingredients.
A further object of the invention is the provision of a binder system which will give increased energy to explosive and propellant compositions.
Still another object is to provide a binder system which has good adhesive properties.
Other objects, features and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will be readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description.
Broadly, this invention contemplates a basic binder composition comprising about 30 to 40% by weight castor oil (CasO), about 11 to 15% by weight dipropylene glycol (DPG), about 20 to 30% by Weight 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and about 15 to 35% by weight trimethylol ethane trinitrate (TMETN).
. The binder composition is prepared by mixing castor oil, dipropylene glycol and tolylene diisocyanate in a reaction flask for about twenty minutes. at 32 F. This reaction is highly exothermic and the viscosity of the reactants can be controlled by keeping the temperature below 120 F. Since a by-product of the reaction is carbon dioxide, the reaction must be carried out under vacuum if a bubble-free product is desired. However, it is possible to mix under normal pressure and degas the product after mixing. The trimethylol ethane trinitrate is added after the mixing step.. Atithis pointthe binder compositioniisreadyto be mixed with explosive or propellant. ingredients and; .castinto a-suitablc container (rocket motor,
warhead). To. obtain; maximum physical properties, the
polymer should be cured for five days at 120 F. Shorter curing times if desired may be obtained by increasing the curing temperature or by adding a catalyst such as ferric acetyl acetonate in an amount not exceeding one part per 50 parts of polymer.
The three binder compositions listed in Table I below with their corresponding physical properties are illustrative of the present invention.
Table I Ingredients (Percent by weight) Tensile Elonga- Exarnple Strength tion (p.s.i.) (Percent) CasO DPG TDI TMETN I 36. 0 13.0 26. 5 24. 5 270 290 II 31. 9 ll. 6 23. 5 33.0 200 III 39. 1 l4. 2 28. 8 l7. 9 665 260 IV 32. 5 11.7 22. 4 33. 4 117 191 Table II Cure Cure Hardness Tensile Elonga- Sample (Example Time Temp. (Shore Strength tion (Per- IV) (days) F.) Selero (p.s.i.) cent) scope) This data shows that after two days, the 140 F. curing temperature produces the best binder.
The basic binder formulation may be modified by increasing or decreasing the percent of trimethylol ethane trinitrate (TMETN). For example, the binder with no TMETN has a strength of 2500 psi. and 150% elongation; the binder with 30% TMETN has a tensile strength of 200 psi and an elongation of 200%. Furthermore, other nitrated plasticizers such as diethylene glycol dinitrate, 1,4-butanediol dinitrate, polyglycidal nitrate, and pentaerythritol trinitrate may be substituted for trimethylol ethane trinitrate.
All or part of the dipropylene glycol may be replaced with polypropylene glycol.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
What is claimed is: 1. A binder composition comprising the following ingredients:
Ingredients: Percent by weight Castor oil 30 to 40 Dipropylene glycol 11 to 15 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate 20 to 30 Trimethylol ethane trinitrate 15 to 35 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein a mixture of equal amounts of dipropylene glycol and polypropylene glycol are used in lieu of dipropylene glycol.
3. A binder composition consisting essentially of the following ingredients:
4. A binder composition consisting essentially of the following ingredients:
10 Ingredients: Percent by weight Castor oil 36.0 Polypropylene glycol 13.0 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate 26.5 Trimethylol ethane trinitrate 24.5
No references cited.
Claims (1)
1. A BINDER COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE FOLLOWING INGREDIENTS:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US254822A US3140210A (en) | 1963-01-25 | 1963-01-25 | Binder system for propellants and explosives |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US254822A US3140210A (en) | 1963-01-25 | 1963-01-25 | Binder system for propellants and explosives |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3140210A true US3140210A (en) | 1964-07-07 |
Family
ID=22965715
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US254822A Expired - Lifetime US3140210A (en) | 1963-01-25 | 1963-01-25 | Binder system for propellants and explosives |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3140210A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3423256A (en) * | 1968-01-08 | 1969-01-21 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Explosives containing an impact-sensitive liquid nitrated polyol and trimethylolethane trinitrate and process of conitrating mixtures of polyols and trimethylol ethane |
| US3461007A (en) * | 1968-04-29 | 1969-08-12 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Reducing sensitivity of primary explosives to initiation by electrostatic discharges |
| US3634158A (en) * | 1969-05-13 | 1972-01-11 | Us Navy | Liquid nitrate ester monopropellant composition |
| US4929291A (en) * | 1977-11-25 | 1990-05-29 | Thiokol Corporation | Propellant containing 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol trinitrate |
-
1963
- 1963-01-25 US US254822A patent/US3140210A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3423256A (en) * | 1968-01-08 | 1969-01-21 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Explosives containing an impact-sensitive liquid nitrated polyol and trimethylolethane trinitrate and process of conitrating mixtures of polyols and trimethylol ethane |
| US3461007A (en) * | 1968-04-29 | 1969-08-12 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Reducing sensitivity of primary explosives to initiation by electrostatic discharges |
| US3634158A (en) * | 1969-05-13 | 1972-01-11 | Us Navy | Liquid nitrate ester monopropellant composition |
| US4929291A (en) * | 1977-11-25 | 1990-05-29 | Thiokol Corporation | Propellant containing 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol trinitrate |
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