US3130410A - Space coded linear array antenna - Google Patents

Space coded linear array antenna Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3130410A
US3130410A US146906A US14690661A US3130410A US 3130410 A US3130410 A US 3130410A US 146906 A US146906 A US 146906A US 14690661 A US14690661 A US 14690661A US 3130410 A US3130410 A US 3130410A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
array
elements
antenna
chosen
values
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US146906A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frank S Gutleber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Micronas GmbH
International Telephone and Telegraph Corp
Original Assignee
Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE623912D priority Critical patent/BE623912A/xx
Application filed by Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH filed Critical Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH
Priority to US146906A priority patent/US3130410A/en
Priority to GB39657/62A priority patent/GB1002843A/en
Priority to FR913156A priority patent/FR1346326A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3130410A publication Critical patent/US3130410A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antenna systems and more particularly to methods and equipment for obtaining any desired antenna pattern from a linear antenna array.
  • Array antennas of a variety of types are well known in the prior art. These prior art antenna arrays have been of several types. One type has utilized a number of equally spaced antenna elements to build up an array. This type of simple array of equally spaced antenna elements which are provided with equal amplitudes of driving current or voltage produce an antenna pattern whose shape can be controlled to only a Very limited degree. A typical response of such an equally spaced antenna system with equal amplitude driving power at each individual element results in the well known sin x/ x radiation pattern.
  • Schelkunol for example, in United States Patent No. 2,286,839 shows an array antenna utilizing a number of equally spaced individual antenna elements.
  • Schelkunofl ⁇ provides both an individual amplitude control device and an individual phase control device for each of the individual antenna elements that compose his array.
  • the amplitude of the driving current which is applied to each of the antenna elements is different from the amplitude in other antenna elements.
  • the phase of the signal applied to each of the individual antenna elements is in general different from that of other elements in the array.
  • Schelkunoi'f provides a systematic manner of choosing the particular amplitudes and phases supplied to the elements of his array. However, these amplitudes and phases follow a polynomial distribution.
  • a further disadvantage of the prior art systems has resulted from the fact that many of these arrays are built up out of elements spaced in three dimensions from each other. That is,elements are placed at certain points within a given area and also above or below the plane of this area at certain elevations. The difficulty here arises when it is attempted to improve the radiation pattern -of the antenna by utilizing a large number of individual elements.
  • the addition of new elements does not produce any effect which is readily predictable from the type of mathematical analysis provided in the prior art airay systems, and in fact it is often ditlicult to determine where, or in what part of the array, additional elements should be provided.
  • a particular number of individual antenna elements are spaced unequally from each other so as to cause a predetermined effect on the antenna radiation pattern due to each set of elements which make up the array.
  • the individual antenna elements in this array are placed at predetermined unequal distances from each other according to a systematic set of design equations which allow the production of an arbitrary desired antenna pattern utilizing a particular predetermined number of antenna elements.
  • This method allows the particular unequal coded locations of the individual antenna elements of a rst set of elements in the array to be extended to provide the pattern for the entire array.
  • the entire two dimensional array may be driven by supplying equal power at the same relative phase to allof the individual antenna elements.
  • FIGURE l is a diagram illustrating the geometry of an array antenna, as viewed from the top, which lis useful in deriving the equations involved;
  • FIGURE 2a is a schematic diagram of a 16 element array antenna representing a rst embodiment of my sin sin 00- for the antenna of FIGURE 2a;
  • FIGURE 4 is a plot of the radiation intensity field Et of the antenna of FIGURE 2a vs. the physical space angle 6';
  • FIGURE 5a is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional array antenna which utilizes the antenna design of FIGURE 2a;
  • FIGURE 5b is a block diagram of a portion of the circuit used with the array antenna of FIGURE 5a;
  • FIGURE 6 is a diagram giving the relative spacing in correct proportion of a linear array antenna composed of 32 elements
  • FIGURE 7a is a diagram of the radiation field intensity pattern Et plotted vs. the design parameter K for the antenna of FIGURE 6;
  • FIGURE 7b is a diagram on a smaller scale of the field intensity pattern Eb plotted vs. the physical space angle 0 for the array of FIGURE 6;
  • FIGURE 7c is a composite diagram of the field intensity of the arrays of FIGURES 6 and 2;
  • VFIGURE 8 is a diagram of an array representing a fourth embodiment of my invention and showing another possible coded spacing of an antenna utilizing a l6 element array.
  • FIGURE 9 is a plot of the lield radiation intensity Et produced by ⁇ the antenna of FIGURE 8 vs. the design parameter K;
  • FIGURE l0 is a diagram illustrating the preferred embodiment of my invention, representing an array antenna composed of 64 elements and designed according to my method;
  • FIGURE l1 is a plot of the eld radiation intensity Et produced by the antenna of FIGURE lO vs. the design parameter K;
  • FIGURE Il2 is a plot of the viield radiation intensity Et of the antenna of FIGURE 10 vs. the physical space angle 6.
  • FIGURE 1 the general relationship is shown between the elements of a linear array which are unequally spaced from each other and showing the meaning of the space angle 0.
  • 9 represents the direction of a line v drawn from the array along a particular direction which is of interest at the moment.
  • the angle 0 represents the angle between x, the axis of the antenna, and the line v which may be moved about to examine any particular direction which is of interest.
  • the radiated wave front is perpendicular to the line v as shown.
  • it is ordinarily sufficient to design for values of 0 which run only between 0 and 90 degrees. Because of symmetry, the antenna appears to produce the same pattern whether one stands on one side of the axis x or the other.
  • the second quadrant will produce a pattern which is the same as the pattern in the rst quadrant and is in fact the mirror image of the pattern in the first quadrant. YFor this reason, it is necessary only to work with values of 0 between 0 and 90 degrees for linear array antennas. In the most general case, one would examine 0 for 360 of azimuth, but this is not necessary here.
  • the Viirst two elements of the array are shown separated by a distance d1.
  • the distance d1 sin 0 represents the ditference in distance that two Wave fronts starting from the two elements have traveled along the line v located at the angle 0.
  • Equation 2 Equation 2
  • Equation 2 tI/:the phase of radiation; A equals the wavelength at the particular operating frequency of the antenna; 0 is the physical space angle, as explained above; and d is an elemental uniform distance which represents an equivalent average uniform separation of the antenna elements.
  • Equation 3 the radiation from a linear array antenna may be represented by Equation 3:
  • the position of the iifth element is equal to the position of the rst element N, plus an added increment of distance S1.
  • S1 is so chosen to result in radiations which are completely out of phase from the elements N1 and N5.
  • Equation 6
  • Equation 7 a general term of the series given iu Equation l or Equation 3.
  • the neX-t element is given in terms depending upon the previous element.
  • the quantity 2d sin 6 the quantity 2 occurs because an out-of-phase condition has been chosen.
  • Equation 12 Equation 12
  • Equation 12 thus indicates the basic method for building up the array. Each time it is desired to extend the array by increasing the number of elements, the size of the array will be doubled. lFor each existing element, one more element will be added. Each of the added elements will be the distance 1/2K from its own corresponding previous existing element.
  • the quantity K can still be chosen in such a manner as to facilitate design procedures and to make as' simple Vas possible the computations involved. For this reason, the following steps are taken. Eirst, 60 is dened as the physical space angle where the rst null of the antenna radiation pattern occurs. Now K1 is made equal to 1 at the dirst null when 6 equals 60. By doing this,
  • Equation 1l becomes Equation 13A.
  • Equation 13B Equation 13B
  • Equation 14B can be rewritten by substituting K for sin 6 sin 60 as given by Equation 16:
  • Equation 18 gives the physical coded space relationship.
  • Equation 18 is given in units of wavelengths, that is, depending on .the particular value sin 60 which is chosen, an actual physical array can be built. 60 -it should be remembered, is the angle in space where the rstnull occurs ⁇ for the antenna radiationV pattern. Equations 12, 17 and 18 provide the basis .for computing al1 of the required quantities to buid the array with any arbitrary antenna pattern. To illustrate this, Equation 12 will be rewritten providing an actual index X which indicates how the particular values of K which have been chosen as arbitrary design factors are incorporated to build up the next step of the array.
  • the number of elements in the array must be doubled. This is because each existing element of the previous array must have added to i-t, that is, placed some distance from it which we have denoted by S, another element (whichv N ab will produce at some particular space angle 0, the radiation which is 180 out of phase with the radiation from this corresponding element of the previous array; Thus, the number of elements in the -array must be a power of 2.
  • An array built according to my method therefore may consist of 2 elements, 4 elements, 8 elements, 16 ⁇ elements, 312 elements, 64 elements, and so on, but the number of elements in the array will always be a power of 2. Likewise, for each ladditional power of 2.
  • K In other iwords, in an array which has 16 ⁇ individual antenna elements, four values of K may be chosen arbitrarily. This is because 2 to the 4th power is equal to 16, and the array is in a sense composed of four sets of elements which have been spaced in relationship to each other to produce the result according -to my method.
  • N1 is the iirst element of an existing array.
  • T o increase the size of the array, another element must be added.
  • 1N 2X+1 which is the iirst new element of the next set which is being added to the array.
  • N 2X+1 represents lan element which must be spaced a distance 1/2K(X+1) from N1.
  • Equation l19 shows how to locate the Ifirst additional element when the array is being increased from a given size.
  • Equation 2O shows how to add the second new element of the increased array.
  • Equation 21 shows how to add the last element to increase the array to its iinal size.
  • X is simply an index number which takes on integral values as the size of the array increases. For an array which has two elements, X is equal to tor an array that has four elements, X is equal to l; for an array that has 8 elements, X is equal to 2; for an array that has 16 elements, X is equal to 3; :and so on. Every time the size of the array is doubled, that is, every time X increases one unit, this allows one additional value of K to be arbitrarily chosen.
  • FIGURE 2 there is shown a linear array antenna composed of 16 individual antenna elements numbered 1 through 16. This drawing is in correct relative scale, that is, the correct relative spacing ⁇ of all the elements is actu-ally given in FIGURE 2.
  • a scale is provided in normalized electrical degrees running from 0 degrees, which is the reference value of the tirst element :1, up to 450. The location of the last element 16 is at 435 electrical degrees.
  • the values used for K to create this may are K1 equal to 1, K2 equal to 1%, K3 equal to 2 and K4 equal to 4.
  • a translation device 17 which might be a transmitter or receiver, for example, is shown connected to the 16 elements of the array by feed lines such as 18, ⁇ .18a,l18b,and so on. Equal amounts of power are supplied to each one of the 16 elements in the antenna array; likewise the phase of the signal from the device 17 is exactly the same for each of the 16 elements.
  • Equation 19 the iirst element of the array N1, element l1 of FIGURE 2 is taken as having zero phase, that is, it is the reference element.Y All other elements will be positioned in reference to this first element. Utilizing Equation 19, it is readily perceived where the next element is to be placed. The next element N2 will now provide an array of t-wo elements, this allows exactly one value of Kto be chosen. K has been equal to 1, as indicated before, .to provide a normalized design for convenience. Thus, from Equation 19, it may be seen in Equation 22B, below, that the second element should be placed '180 out of phase with the rst element.
  • Equations 19 and 22A actually give the calculation of the positions in terms of the design parameters K.
  • K in the present instance equals l.
  • Multiplying by 3,60 then converts into electrical degrees, sinceV there are 360 electrical degrees for one wavelength of radiation.
  • this is an arbitrary calculation, and
  • Equation 22A namely 1/2, for example
  • Equation 19 Equation 19
  • the position of the third element of our array can be calculated. It should be remembered 'that each time a power of two is reached in the number of elements in the array, it is necessary to start over and begin adding elements starting from the irst element. In other words, the third element is added to the rst element. The fifth element will be added to the iirst element; likewise, the sixth element will be added to the second element. This is because an array must consist of a number of elements which is a power of two due to the design procedure which is utilized. Thus N3 is equal to 120, since K2 was chosen to be 3/2. .If K2 had been chosen a different value, the position of element N3 would of course be different.
  • Equations 19, 20 and 21 which define the procedure for calculating the additional elements of the array.
  • the fth element is calculated using the third value, K3, for the design parameter K.
  • K3 is equal to 2
  • K4 is equal to 4.
  • K3 is equal to 1
  • K4 is equal to 4.
  • K values may be chosen as integers, fractions, irrational numbers and so on.
  • the dcsignercan review the radiation pattern produced by the number of elements used up to that point and he can pick the additional elements and place them so as to provide an improvement in the radiation pattern and never a degradation.
  • This is a distinct advantage over the prior art design procedures.
  • the addition of Imore elements to the array always improves the radiation pattern and canV never degrade it.
  • array is to be made up of 32 elements. Using the procedures outlined above, the first 16 elements of the array are calculated and their locations noted. Now, one more value for K5 is to be chosen. If the lirst four K values are not changed, the position of the first 16 elements of the array is in no Way affected by the addition of the next 16 elements. Thus the benelicial results obtained from the rst part of the calculations will never be lost or degraded by the addition of additional elements to the array. This is an unusual result and obviously extremely advantageous.
  • FIGURE 6 shows a 32 element array.
  • FIGURE 3 shows the plot of the radiation intensity Et of the antenna of FIGURE 2, plotted versus the design factor K. It should be stressed that this plot is in K and not yet in Suppose that an ⁇ space angle which will illustrate another'important advantage of our method and system. It can indeed be seen that nulls occur in this pattern, that is, zero values of radiation at values or" K equal to 1, 2, 11/2, and 4, as was indicated by our original choice of the values of K1, K2, K3, and K4.
  • one of the advantages of our design procedure is to form the design using plots, such as FIGURE 3, where the abscissa is in units of K. This greatly facilitates the design, and it results in a normalized design which can be adapted for a number of other conditions by certain physical spacing when it is actually constructed.
  • Equation 99 E, is given as a function of K. To form the plot, a value for K is picked, then Equation 99 is calculated and yields a value for Et. Then K is increased a convenient increment and Equation 99 is recalculated forthe new value of K, and so on, for the particular array which has the fixed relative spacing depending upon the design parameters of the constants K1, K2, K3 etc. which have been chosen. This plot of E, versus K is shown for the array of FIGURE 2 in the illustration of FIGURE 3. To evaluate Equation 99, only values of K within a region up to a value of KMAX equal to l/sin 00 need be chosen.
  • FIGURE 5 shows a second embodiment of my invention which illustrates the extreme practical utility of my antenna arrays and the method of building them.
  • the gure shows a similar codedV array, as in FIGURE 2, extended into a two dimensional array. It is a plan view of the array, and the individual antenna elements have been simply shown as dots for convenience. The correct relative proportions are shown and the scale is the same as in FIGURE 2.
  • FIGURE 5 was created from FIGURE 2 with no further computation.
  • the array'antenna of FIG- URE 5 provides an antenna radiation pattern in three dimensions in space, that is, not only does it provide the radiation pattern shown in FIGURE 4 in the plane of the axis of the array of FIGURE 2, but it provides this same pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane containing the axis of the 16 elements of FIGURE 2.
  • FIGURE 5 An inspection of FIGURE 5 will quickly reveal its pattern.
  • the first row across consisting of 16 individual antenna elements, which might be dipoles, dicones, horns etc. or whatever is convenient, are numbered 1 through 16 and are numbered corresponding to FIGURE 2.
  • the second row of antenna elements, relative to each other is spaced exactly the same way as the first row.
  • element 19 which is the first element of the second row is 45 electrical degrees from element 20 which is the second element of the second row.
  • element 21 is exactly 45 electrical degrees from element 20, just as element 5 is 45 electrical degrees from element 9 in the rst row.
  • the entire second row such as elements, 19, 2t), 21, 22 and so on, is spaced the same distance from the first row as element 9 is spaced from element 1, namely 45 electrical degrees.
  • the rst element of the third row, element 23, is the same distance from element 19 as element 5 is from element 9 in the first row.
  • element 24, which is the iirst element of the fourth row is the same distance from element 2'3, as element 3 is from element 5 in the iirst row.
  • element 25, which is the second element in the fourth row is the same distance from element 24 as element 9 is from element 1 in the iirst row.
  • the pattern is extended in this manner, as shown, as it will be seen that along any line of elements, either horizontal or vertical, the relative spacing is exactly the same as that shown in FIGURE 2 or the rst row in the array of FIGURE 5.
  • the spacing of the array along a single axis in actuality also completely spaces the location of all the elements of a square array consisting of nXn elements, where n is the number of elements in the single axis array.
  • the total number of elements, shown in FIGURE 5 is 16 squared, that is, 256 elements.
  • Y Y Y Y Y Y This property of my antenna arrays, that they may be reproduced in two dimensions to create a three dimensional antenna radiation pattern is obviously of great practical utility and is true of all antenna arrays created according to my method, and Vaccordingly the embodiments of FIGURES 6 and 10 also may be extended in two directions in the same manner.
  • FIGURES 6, 8 and 10 For convenience of illustration, I have only shown the embodiments ofFIGURES 6, 8 and 10 along a single axis. But the embodiments of FIGURES 6, 8 and 10 may likewise be extended into a two dimensional square array in the same manner, and I claim such two dimensional arrays as part of the novelty of my invention.
  • the antenna elements of FIG-Y URE 5 should be supplied with equal amounts of power from a source providing the same phase of signal to each of the elements.
  • the translation device such as 17, has not been shown in FIGURE 5b.
  • FIGURE b merely illustrates what has been mentioned before, that each of the individual antenna elements of my array, such as N1 or N9 or N7 can be individually supplied with a high power transmitting stage for sending purposes for use of the array as a transmitting antenna and with an individual amplier for using the array for receiving purposes.
  • Each of the power transmitting stages, such as 26, 27, 28, and so on, can be exactly identical in design; each transmitting stage, 'such as 26, supplies the same amount of power to its individual antenna element as all the other transmitting stages.
  • these transmitting stages might consist of an individual travelling wave tube, for example, With an associated power supply and frequency control circuits.
  • these individual transmitting stages can each be made to operate at its peak point of design eiciency, and there is no necessity for wasting RF power in power dividing networks for providing unequal amounts of power to the individual elements.
  • each individual antenna element such as N1 may be provided with a high gain, low noise amplifier, such as 29, 30, and 31.
  • a high gain, low noise amplifier such as 29, 30, and 31.
  • Each of these amplifiers is exactly the same as the others and provides an equal amount of gain. This also allows the output from each individual antenna element to be amplified immediately before passing to the connecting lead networks such as 32, where it is connected to the input o'f the rest of the receiver equipment.
  • the ampliier, such as 29, and transmitting stage, such as 26, may be omitted and the array of FIGURE 5 may be supplied with one single transmitting or receiving apparatus, as indicated in FIG- URE 2, by the use of multiple feed lines, such as shown as 18, 18a, 18b, and so on. Whichever is most convenient for a particular application will be used.
  • the individual amplifiers and transmitting stages, such as 26 and 29, can be physically disposed extremely close to the individual antenna elements in the arrays built according to my method.
  • FIGURE 6 shows the correct relative spacing for an array antenna built according to my method and composed of 32 individual antenna elements, spaced according to Table II.
  • the fth value K5 has been chosen as 5A.
  • the quan- 14l tity 1/2K5 is thus equal to 144 electrical degrees and the 16 new values for Code No. 2 may be formed by adding 144 increments to the appropriate terms inl Code No. 1, as has been outlined in the previous development, particularly Equations 19, 20 and 21. Alternatively, the code element positions may be calculated, using Equations 33 through 55.
  • FIGURE 7a shows the rst part of the plot of the radiation intensity Et versus the design parameter K of the antenna of FIGURE 6.
  • FIGURE 7b showsy the same antenna array plotted out to values of KMAX equal to 30.
  • FIGURE 7c will be seen to be an expanded version near the origin of FIGURE 7b.
  • FIGURE 7c also shows Code No. l having 16 elements and Code No. 2 with 32 elements plotted on the same scale for comparison.
  • the antenna radiation pattern has been of the type where it is desired to produce a central lobe which has as high a maximum value relative to the side lobes as possible.
  • the central lobe is intended to be as narrow in angular degrees as possible.
  • the amplitude of the second and third side lobes is intended to be as low as possible, and, in addition, the occurrence of the second and third side lobes is intended to be pushed out as far in angular degrees as possible.
  • FIGURE 7c which is the combined plots of FIGURE 7a and FIGURE 3, the effect of adding 16 additional elements in Code No. 2, to produce an array having 32 elements can be appreciated.
  • the peak of the rst side lobe occurred approximately at a value of K equal to 1.25, as can be seen.
  • K5 was chosen to be equal to 1.25, that is, 5%.
  • a new additional null was chosen to be right in the middle of the first side lobe. In effect this squashed down the rst side lobe.
  • FIGURE 7a Examining FIGURE 7a near the region 00, it can be seen that the rst side lobe, and in fact the second side lobe, have virtually disappeared, their amplitude being so small relative to the main lobe that it is dicult to show it.
  • Code No. 2 has greatly improved the radiation pattern by the addition of more elements in a controlled manner chosen at the designers will.
  • antenna radiation patterns of virtually arbitrary shape can be produced by my method. For example, it may be desired ⁇ to concentrate a side lobe power in some angular region in space that is in a certain range of values for 0. To do this, it is only necessary -to place nulls outside of this region before the beginning of the region and after the end of the region, the resulting power then must appear in the region where nulls were not chosen.
  • nulls were not chosen.
  • FIGURE 2 will show that it is precisely symmetrical about the point located at 217.5". This is exactly the middle of the array, the furthermost element N16 being located at 435 electrical degrees. This physical symmetry is always produced, although the equations given would not indicate it by themselves.
  • FIGURE 10 shows a preferred embodiment of my invention.
  • Table IV gives Code No. 4 which gives the relative physical spacing which was plotted to scale in FIGURE 10.
  • the relative spacing may be arranged arbitrarily in increasing order of distance from the rst element N1. Then the rst half of the set of values may be plotted out, and this will produce the iirst half of the antenna.
  • the second half of the antenna will be exactly similar to this and in fact be the mirror image.
  • FIGURE 8 shows another embodiment of my invention also utilizing'a 16 element array. However, the values of K chosen for this array are different from that shown in Code No. 1.
  • the antenna utilizing Table III with Code No. 3 has been drawn in FIGURE 8 to scale and the resulting radiation pattern as a function of K is shown in FIGURE 9.
  • FIGURE ll The antenna radiation pattern as a function of K has been given in FIGURE llfor the antenna shown in FIG. URE 10 and Table IV, and FIGURE 12 shows the antenna radiation atterri as a function of the physical space angle TABLE III 0 for a vague of sin 00 equal to arc sin M5, namely 9.6.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US146906A 1961-10-23 1961-10-23 Space coded linear array antenna Expired - Lifetime US3130410A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE623912D BE623912A (nl) 1961-10-23
US146906A US3130410A (en) 1961-10-23 1961-10-23 Space coded linear array antenna
GB39657/62A GB1002843A (en) 1961-10-23 1962-10-19 A linear array antenna
FR913156A FR1346326A (fr) 1961-10-23 1962-10-23 Réseau d'antennes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US146906A US3130410A (en) 1961-10-23 1961-10-23 Space coded linear array antenna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3130410A true US3130410A (en) 1964-04-21

Family

ID=22519514

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US146906A Expired - Lifetime US3130410A (en) 1961-10-23 1961-10-23 Space coded linear array antenna

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3130410A (nl)
BE (1) BE623912A (nl)
GB (1) GB1002843A (nl)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3780372A (en) * 1972-01-17 1973-12-18 Univ Kansas Nonuniformly optimally spaced antenna array
US4071848A (en) * 1976-11-26 1978-01-31 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Thinned aperiodic antenna arrays with improved peak sidelobe level control
US4431999A (en) * 1978-12-18 1984-02-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Interference cancelling system using a notch and omnidirectional antenna
US4498083A (en) * 1983-03-30 1985-02-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Multiple interference null tracking array antenna
US4500883A (en) * 1983-03-07 1985-02-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Adaptive multiple interference tracking and cancelling antenna
US4580141A (en) * 1983-09-19 1986-04-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Linear array antenna employing the summation of subarrays
DE3330672A1 (de) * 1982-08-27 1988-01-28 Thomson Csf Verfahren zur impulskompression durch raumcodierung sowie anwendung des verfahrens in einem radargeraet
US4724441A (en) * 1986-05-23 1988-02-09 Ball Corporation Transmit/receive module for phased array antenna system
US20110298676A1 (en) * 2009-10-22 2011-12-08 Toyota Motor Europe Nv/Sa Antenna having sparsely populated array of elements
CN110967671A (zh) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-07 松下知识产权经营株式会社 雷达装置、移动物体以及静止物体
US20220050176A1 (en) * 2019-03-20 2022-02-17 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Radar device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1908595A (en) * 1925-10-19 1933-05-09 Rca Corp Aerial system for use in wireless telegraphy and telephony
US1922115A (en) * 1930-04-12 1933-08-15 American Telephone & Telegraph Antenna array
US2906363A (en) * 1955-05-06 1959-09-29 Jersey Prod Res Co Multiple transducer array
US3056961A (en) * 1957-08-15 1962-10-02 Post Office Steerable directional random antenna array

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1908595A (en) * 1925-10-19 1933-05-09 Rca Corp Aerial system for use in wireless telegraphy and telephony
US1922115A (en) * 1930-04-12 1933-08-15 American Telephone & Telegraph Antenna array
US2906363A (en) * 1955-05-06 1959-09-29 Jersey Prod Res Co Multiple transducer array
US3056961A (en) * 1957-08-15 1962-10-02 Post Office Steerable directional random antenna array

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3780372A (en) * 1972-01-17 1973-12-18 Univ Kansas Nonuniformly optimally spaced antenna array
US4071848A (en) * 1976-11-26 1978-01-31 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Thinned aperiodic antenna arrays with improved peak sidelobe level control
US4431999A (en) * 1978-12-18 1984-02-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Interference cancelling system using a notch and omnidirectional antenna
DE3330672A1 (de) * 1982-08-27 1988-01-28 Thomson Csf Verfahren zur impulskompression durch raumcodierung sowie anwendung des verfahrens in einem radargeraet
US4853701A (en) * 1982-08-27 1989-08-01 Thomson-Csf Pulse compression method employing space-coding, and its application to a radar
US4500883A (en) * 1983-03-07 1985-02-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Adaptive multiple interference tracking and cancelling antenna
US4498083A (en) * 1983-03-30 1985-02-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Multiple interference null tracking array antenna
US4580141A (en) * 1983-09-19 1986-04-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Linear array antenna employing the summation of subarrays
US4724441A (en) * 1986-05-23 1988-02-09 Ball Corporation Transmit/receive module for phased array antenna system
US20110298676A1 (en) * 2009-10-22 2011-12-08 Toyota Motor Europe Nv/Sa Antenna having sparsely populated array of elements
US8482476B2 (en) * 2009-10-22 2013-07-09 Toyota Motor Europe Nv/Sa Antenna having sparsely populated array of elements
CN110967671A (zh) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-07 松下知识产权经营株式会社 雷达装置、移动物体以及静止物体
US11448725B2 (en) * 2018-09-28 2022-09-20 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Radar apparatus
US12066569B2 (en) 2018-09-28 2024-08-20 Panasonic Automotive Systems Co., Ltd. Radar apparatus
US20220050176A1 (en) * 2019-03-20 2022-02-17 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Radar device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1002843A (en) 1965-09-02
BE623912A (nl)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3130410A (en) Space coded linear array antenna
Slater Electronic energy bands in metals
US4425567A (en) Beam forming network for circular array antennas
CN103323845B (zh) 一种非均匀采样综合孔径辐射计的图像反演方法
US3474447A (en) Electronically scanned tacan antenna
Blythe A new type of pencil beam aerial for radio astronomy
US3308465A (en) Antenna system
US3213453A (en) Digital direction finder utilizing binary array
US3852754A (en) Binary beam system
US3165743A (en) Amplitude/phase monopulse antenna system
US2940075A (en) Microwave antenna
DE3786787T2 (de) Monopulsantenne mit verbesserter nebenstrahlungsunterdrückung.
Fehsenfeld et al. Compilation of reaction rate constants measured in the ESSA flowing afterglow system to August, 1969
CN113361069B (zh) 阵列天线方向图合成方法、系统、天线设计及测量方法
DE2525485C2 (de) Ortungseinrichtung mit Testsendern
Price et al. Distribution functions for monopulse antenna difference patterns
US4032917A (en) Synthesis technique for constructing cylindrical and spherical shaped wave guide arrays to form pencil beams
Schwartzman et al. Analysis of phased array lenses
Shanks A geometrical optics method of pattern synthesis for linear arrays
US20210091908A1 (en) Phased Array Antenna System
Parrow et al. Multiunit electromagnetic horns
Sebak et al. The effect of random amplitude and phase errors on phased arrays performance
US3564555A (en) Broad band transformer antenna and related feed system
US2302102A (en) Four course radio beacon
DeVore et al. Radiation by finite circular pistons imbedded in a rigid circular baffle. I. Eigenfunction solution