US3126337A - System for separating and classifying solids - Google Patents

System for separating and classifying solids Download PDF

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US3126337A
US3126337A US3126337DA US3126337A US 3126337 A US3126337 A US 3126337A US 3126337D A US3126337D A US 3126337DA US 3126337 A US3126337 A US 3126337A
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separator
pump
mud
beach
water
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/06—Fluid drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B04B1/2016—Driving control or mechanisms; Arrangement of transmission gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/10—Centrifuges combined with other apparatus, e.g. electrostatic separators; Sets or systems of several centrifuges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
    • E21B21/063—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole by separating components
    • E21B21/065—Separating solids from drilling fluids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for conditioning drilling mud or the like and particularly to a control system therefor.
  • Drilling mud or fluid is commonly employed in rotary drilling operations, the mud having a number of functions to perform as is known in the art. These functions include lubrication of the rotary drill bit, removal of cuttings, overcoming formation pressures in the hole being drilled and depositing an impermeable wall cake. With the great increase in depth of wells and the problems of bottom hole temperature and pressure, drilling mud plays a large part in successful completion of a well, the
  • Mud must be circulated in the system in the proper volume and must have the correct viscosity and weight to accomplish the aforementioned functions etficiently, and the amount of drilled solids in the mud must be properly regulated.
  • Chemical treatment for control of the solids or addition of water has not been satisfactory. When clays are mixed with water, hydration results and an increase in viscosity occurs. Merely removing clay to reduce viscosity is insuflicient because then it becomes necessary toadd Weighting materials for particular drilling operations.
  • Barium sulphate or barite is commonly used as a weighting material and in some areas one of the principal considerations in treatment of mud is that of saving barium sulphate.
  • the principal object of this invention is to provide a separating and clarifying system in which a constant ratio of water and material to be treated is maintained substantially constant while the density of the effluent therefrom is maintained substantially constant.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide such a system that is automatically controlled.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide such a system in which a measure of the torque required to drive the beach of a clarifier combines with a measure of the efiiuent density to control the feed of the material to be treated to the clarifier.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide such a system in which the ratio of material to be treated and Water entering the clarifier is maintained at a predetermined value by signals measuring the flow of mud and water to the clarifier.
  • a conventional solids-liquid separator or classifier of the centrifugal or decanting type may include a horizontally disposed, conical-shaped outer bowl or beach within which a conical-shaped screw conveyor may be located.
  • the conical-shaped beach may be driven at a desired speed and the conveyor may be connected to the beach through a suitable differential or variable drive arrangement.
  • the beach may be driven by one prime mover, while the input shaft of the diflterential gear may be driven by a hydraulic pump and motor system that is powered by a separate prime mover.
  • the hydraulic system being a constant torque device, the pressure within said system is proportional to the torque or load on the conveyor.
  • the effluent leaving the classifier may be subjected to a density measuring device which may produce a signal that may be fed to a pneumatic controller along with a measure of the pressure within the hydraulic pump and motor system that drives the conveyor.
  • the output from the controller may be employed to vary the displacement of a hydraulic pump and motor system that operates a pump that feeds the material to be treated to the clarifier or separator.
  • water or other liquid may be fed to the clarifier and mixed with the material to be treated prior to the admixture entering the clarifier.
  • a predetermined substantially constant ratio of water and material to be treated may be fed to the separator by measuring the flow of water and the flow of liquid in the hydraulic system that drives the pump feeding the material to be treated to the separator. These two measurements may be combined within a ratio controller for operating a valve that controls the flow of water to the separator.
  • the figure is a schematic showing of apparatus to which the principles of the invention have been applied.
  • the invention will be described in conjunction with a conventional horizontal solids-liquid rotary separator or classifier.
  • the separator or classifier 10 can be mounted on a suitable base 11, the outer bowl or beach 12 being carried by bearings 13, 13, said beach being driven by a suitable motor 14 through belt 15 and pulley 16.
  • a conveyor 10' Within beach 12 can be driven by a shaft 23, the speed thereof and the speed relative to beach 12 being controlled by a suitable dilferential drive arrangement 19, which in turn is operated by a fluid motor system including a variable delivery fluid pump 21 driven by a motor 22, and a constant displacement fluid motor Ztl.
  • the fluid motor drives the input shaft 23 of the differential unit 19, variation of pump delivery, varying the fluid motor speed, and thus controlling the dilferential speed between the beach 12 and the conveyor.
  • Pneumatic controller 25 for example, can be similar to that shown in Patent No. 2,770,247, although other types of con troller can be used.
  • Mud to be treated may be supplied from a tank 26 to a pump 27, the outlet 28 therefrom being connected to a T-fitting 29 leading to the separator 10.
  • the pump 27 may be driven by a hydraulic constant displacement motor 39 that is driven by a variable displacement hydraulic pump 31 which latter may be driven by a suitable prime mover (not shown).
  • Pump 31 and motor 3t) are connected together by hydraulic lines 32 and 33.
  • L1 the return line 33, an orifice 34 may be located for measuring the flow of oil through the pump 31 and motor 30.
  • Pressure lines 35 and 36 from the orifice 34 may lead to a diflerential pressure cell 37, such, for example, as those manufactured by The Foxboro Company of Foxboro, Massachusetts, and known as their Model 13A.
  • the output signal 33 from the cell 37 may lead to a ratio controller 39 for a purpose presently to be described.
  • Water is adapted to be introduced into the separator 10 from a supply line 40 that includes a control valve 41 therein which may be pneumatically operated.
  • the water may flow through a line 42 leading to the T-fitting 29 which latter is spaced sufliciently from the separator to ensure proper mixing of the water and mud before it enters separator 10.
  • An orifice device 43 may be located in line 42 for measuring the water flow therethrough, and it may be connected through lines 44 and 4-5 to another differential pressure cell 46, the output signal 47 therefrom leading to the ratio controller 39.
  • the ratio controller 39 may be of the type manufactured by The Foxboro Company and known as their Model M/40. It may be preset to maintain a predetermined fixed ratio of mud to water entering the separator 10 and its signal 48 may control the operation of the pneumatic valve 41 to maintain such ratio constant.
  • one leg of the U-tube arrangement 50 may be located in spaced relation two differential pressure cells 51 and 52 of a particular design. They may be of the type manufactured by The Foxboro Company and known as their Model 13A. They present to the efiluent in line 49 diaphragms 53 and 54.
  • the signals 55 and 56 from the cells 51 and 52 are fed to a subtraction relay 57, the output signal 58 from which leads to the load controller 25.
  • a system for separating and classifying solids comprising in combination a separator including a rotatable beach and a rotatable conveyor therein; means for driving said beach; a hydraulic pump and motor system for driving said conveyor in a predetermined relation relative to said beach; a pump for feeding material to be treated to said separator; a hydraulic variable displacement pump and motor system for driving said feeding material pump; means for measuring the density of the efiluent discharging from said separator; a controller responsive to the pressure of liquid in said conveyor driving system and the density of said efiluent for varying the displacement of said variable displacement pump and thereby the amount of separation; and adjustable means responsive to the flow of liquid in said variable displacement pump and motor system and the flow of liquid to said separator for maintaining substantially constant a predetermined ratio of liquid to material to be treated being fed to said separator.

Description

W. C. SMITH March 24, 1964 SYSTEM FOR SEPARATING AND CLASSIFYING SOLIDS Filed Oct. 11, 1960 on m- INVENTOR WILLIAM C.SM|TH Mr ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,126,337 SYSTEM FGR SEPARATTNG AND CLASSIFYING SOLIDS William C. Smith, Moline, lll., assignor to Ametek, Inc., a corporation of Delaware Filed Oct. 11, 1950, Ser. No. 61,935 1 Claim. (Cl. 233-4) This invention relates to apparatus for conditioning drilling mud or the like and particularly to a control system therefor.
Drilling mud or fluid is commonly employed in rotary drilling operations, the mud having a number of functions to perform as is known in the art. These functions include lubrication of the rotary drill bit, removal of cuttings, overcoming formation pressures in the hole being drilled and depositing an impermeable wall cake. With the great increase in depth of wells and the problems of bottom hole temperature and pressure, drilling mud plays a large part in successful completion of a well, the
cost of the mud being very high. Mud must be circulated in the system in the proper volume and must have the correct viscosity and weight to accomplish the aforementioned functions etficiently, and the amount of drilled solids in the mud must be properly regulated. Chemical treatment for control of the solids or addition of water has not been satisfactory. When clays are mixed with water, hydration results and an increase in viscosity occurs. Merely removing clay to reduce viscosity is insuflicient because then it becomes necessary toadd Weighting materials for particular drilling operations. Barium sulphate or barite is commonly used as a weighting material and in some areas one of the principal considerations in treatment of mud is that of saving barium sulphate.
The principal object of this invention is to provide a separating and clarifying system in which a constant ratio of water and material to be treated is maintained substantially constant while the density of the effluent therefrom is maintained substantially constant.
Another object of this invention is to provide such a system that is automatically controlled.
Still another object of this invention is to provide such a system in which a measure of the torque required to drive the beach of a clarifier combines with a measure of the efiiuent density to control the feed of the material to be treated to the clarifier.
Still another object of the invention is to provide such a system in which the ratio of material to be treated and Water entering the clarifier is maintained at a predetermined value by signals measuring the flow of mud and water to the clarifier.
A conventional solids-liquid separator or classifier of the centrifugal or decanting type may include a horizontally disposed, conical-shaped outer bowl or beach within which a conical-shaped screw conveyor may be located. The conical-shaped beach may be driven at a desired speed and the conveyor may be connected to the beach through a suitable differential or variable drive arrangement. The beach may be driven by one prime mover, while the input shaft of the diflterential gear may be driven by a hydraulic pump and motor system that is powered by a separate prime mover. The hydraulic system being a constant torque device, the pressure within said system is proportional to the torque or load on the conveyor.
In one aspect of the invention, the effluent leaving the classifier may be subjected to a density measuring device which may produce a signal that may be fed to a pneumatic controller along with a measure of the pressure within the hydraulic pump and motor system that drives the conveyor. The output from the controller may be employed to vary the displacement of a hydraulic pump and motor system that operates a pump that feeds the material to be treated to the clarifier or separator.
In still another aspect of the invention, water or other liquid may be fed to the clarifier and mixed with the material to be treated prior to the admixture entering the clarifier. A predetermined substantially constant ratio of water and material to be treated may be fed to the separator by measuring the flow of water and the flow of liquid in the hydraulic system that drives the pump feeding the material to be treated to the separator. These two measurements may be combined within a ratio controller for operating a valve that controls the flow of water to the separator.
The above, other objects and novel features of the system and control will become apparent from the following specification and accompanying drawing which is merely exemplary.
In the drawing:
The figure is a schematic showing of apparatus to which the principles of the invention have been applied.
The invention will be described in conjunction with a conventional horizontal solids-liquid rotary separator or classifier.
Referring to the drawing, the separator or classifier 10 can be mounted on a suitable base 11, the outer bowl or beach 12 being carried by bearings 13, 13, said beach being driven by a suitable motor 14 through belt 15 and pulley 16. A conveyor 10' Within beach 12 can be driven by a shaft 23, the speed thereof and the speed relative to beach 12 being controlled by a suitable dilferential drive arrangement 19, which in turn is operated by a fluid motor system including a variable delivery fluid pump 21 driven by a motor 22, and a constant displacement fluid motor Ztl. The fluid motor drives the input shaft 23 of the differential unit 19, variation of pump delivery, varying the fluid motor speed, and thus controlling the dilferential speed between the beach 12 and the conveyor.
Since the fluid drive will have constant torque characteristics, the torque of the drive will be that required for conveying solids along the beach and will be directly pro portional to the pressure in the fluid system. This pressure is connected through line 24 to a pneumatic controller 25 for a purpose to be described later. Pneumatic controller 25, for example, can be similar to that shown in Patent No. 2,770,247, although other types of con troller can be used.
Mud to be treated may be supplied from a tank 26 to a pump 27, the outlet 28 therefrom being connected to a T-fitting 29 leading to the separator 10. The pump 27 may be driven by a hydraulic constant displacement motor 39 that is driven by a variable displacement hydraulic pump 31 which latter may be driven by a suitable prime mover (not shown). Pump 31 and motor 3t) are connected together by hydraulic lines 32 and 33. L1 the return line 33, an orifice 34 may be located for measuring the flow of oil through the pump 31 and motor 30. Pressure lines 35 and 36 from the orifice 34 may lead to a diflerential pressure cell 37, such, for example, as those manufactured by The Foxboro Company of Foxboro, Massachusetts, and known as their Model 13A. The output signal 33 from the cell 37 may lead to a ratio controller 39 for a purpose presently to be described.
Water is adapted to be introduced into the separator 10 from a supply line 40 that includes a control valve 41 therein which may be pneumatically operated. The water may flow through a line 42 leading to the T-fitting 29 which latter is spaced sufliciently from the separator to ensure proper mixing of the water and mud before it enters separator 10.
An orifice device 43 may be located in line 42 for measuring the water flow therethrough, and it may be connected through lines 44 and 4-5 to another differential pressure cell 46, the output signal 47 therefrom leading to the ratio controller 39. The ratio controller 39 may be of the type manufactured by The Foxboro Company and known as their Model M/40. It may be preset to maintain a predetermined fixed ratio of mud to water entering the separator 10 and its signal 48 may control the operation of the pneumatic valve 41 to maintain such ratio constant.
While a predetermined ratio of mud to water may be maintained constant in passing into the separator 10, the efiluent leaving the separator may vary in density depending upon the duration of time the mixture remains in the separator. In order to maintain the density of the efiluent substantially constant, it is caused to pass out from the separator 10 through a line 49 leading to a U-tube arrangement 50 similar to a manometer.
In the line 49, forming one leg of the U-tube arrangement 50, may be located in spaced relation two differential pressure cells 51 and 52 of a particular design. They may be of the type manufactured by The Foxboro Company and known as their Model 13A. They present to the efiluent in line 49 diaphragms 53 and 54. The signals 55 and 56 from the cells 51 and 52 are fed to a subtraction relay 57, the output signal 58 from which leads to the load controller 25.
As previously explained, load controller 25 also receives a signal from line 24, and the output signal 59 therefrom controls the variable displacement pump 31 to control the amount of mud being fed by the mud pump 27 to the separator 10. At the same time, the ratio of mud to Water is maintained substantially constant to thereby produce an effluent of substantially constant density.
Although the various features of the new and improved separating system and control therefor have been described in detail to fully disclose one embodiment of the invention, it will be evident that changes may be made in such details and certain features may be used without others without departing from the principles of the invention.
What is claimed is:
A system for separating and classifying solids, comprising in combination a separator including a rotatable beach and a rotatable conveyor therein; means for driving said beach; a hydraulic pump and motor system for driving said conveyor in a predetermined relation relative to said beach; a pump for feeding material to be treated to said separator; a hydraulic variable displacement pump and motor system for driving said feeding material pump; means for measuring the density of the efiluent discharging from said separator; a controller responsive to the pressure of liquid in said conveyor driving system and the density of said efiluent for varying the displacement of said variable displacement pump and thereby the amount of separation; and adjustable means responsive to the flow of liquid in said variable displacement pump and motor system and the flow of liquid to said separator for maintaining substantially constant a predetermined ratio of liquid to material to be treated being fed to said separator.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,901,032 Kallam Mar. 14, 1933 2,532,792 Svensjo Dec. 5, 1950 2,895,669 Bobo July 21, 1959 2,955,753 OConor et al. Oct. 11, 1960 2,961,154 Bergey Nov. 22, 1960
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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3400819A (en) * 1964-09-18 1968-09-10 Mobil Oil Corp Method and apparatus for particle segregation
US3734399A (en) * 1971-05-28 1973-05-22 Beloit Corp Differential scroll drive
US3741466A (en) * 1971-07-16 1973-06-26 C Weiland Jet centrifuge
US3923241A (en) * 1973-07-21 1975-12-02 Cyphelly Ivan J Decanting centrifuge
US4014498A (en) * 1975-01-15 1977-03-29 Alfa-Laval Ab Method and apparatus for centrifuging sludge-containing liquids
FR2332063A1 (en) * 1975-11-18 1977-06-17 Flottweg Werk Bruckmayer PROCESS FOR SEPARATING PARTICULARLY DIFFICULT SUSPENSIONS TO DECAN, USING A SCREW CENTRIFUGE WITH FULL WALL ROTOR AND RELATIVE CENTRIFUGE
FR2332064A1 (en) * 1975-11-18 1977-06-17 Flottweg Werk Bruckmayer WINDSCREW CENTRIFUGE, FULL BOWL, WITH VARIABLE DIFFERENTIAL SPEED COUPLING BETWEEN THE WRAP AND THE AUGER
US4044943A (en) * 1976-06-21 1977-08-30 Kobe, Inc. Centrifugal separator and system
FR2359625A1 (en) * 1976-07-26 1978-02-24 Schloeffel Paul PROCESS FOR DEHYDRATING SUSPENSIONS OF SOLID MATERIALS
US4240578A (en) * 1977-05-04 1980-12-23 Jackson Joseph F Solid bowl decanter centrifuges of the scroll discharge type
US4297225A (en) * 1977-09-30 1981-10-27 Hartley Bobby G Recycling centrifuge for the reduction of viscosity and gel strength of drilling fluids
DK153294B (en) * 1978-03-18 1988-07-04 Westfalia Separator Ag POWER TRANSMISSION BODY FOR CONTINUOUS WORKING CUTTER Centrifuge
FR2636669A1 (en) * 1988-09-19 1990-03-23 Guillaume Jean Paul Mobile regenerator unit for drilling muds.
US5342279A (en) * 1992-08-18 1994-08-30 Alfa Laval Separation Inc. Decanter centrifuge having dual motor drive
US5344570A (en) * 1993-01-14 1994-09-06 James E. McLachlan Method and apparatus for removing solids from a liquid

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1901032A (en) * 1929-08-10 1933-03-14 Floyd L Kallam Fluid flow control device
US2532792A (en) * 1945-04-18 1950-12-05 Separator Ab Process for the centrifugal separation of sludge-containing liquids
US2895669A (en) * 1954-09-13 1959-07-21 Phillips Petroleum Co Mechanical treatment of drilling muds
US2955753A (en) * 1957-05-03 1960-10-11 American Machine & Metals Control apparatus
US2961154A (en) * 1955-08-01 1960-11-22 Houston Oil Field Mat Co Inc Centrifuge system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1901032A (en) * 1929-08-10 1933-03-14 Floyd L Kallam Fluid flow control device
US2532792A (en) * 1945-04-18 1950-12-05 Separator Ab Process for the centrifugal separation of sludge-containing liquids
US2895669A (en) * 1954-09-13 1959-07-21 Phillips Petroleum Co Mechanical treatment of drilling muds
US2961154A (en) * 1955-08-01 1960-11-22 Houston Oil Field Mat Co Inc Centrifuge system
US2955753A (en) * 1957-05-03 1960-10-11 American Machine & Metals Control apparatus

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3400819A (en) * 1964-09-18 1968-09-10 Mobil Oil Corp Method and apparatus for particle segregation
US3734399A (en) * 1971-05-28 1973-05-22 Beloit Corp Differential scroll drive
US3741466A (en) * 1971-07-16 1973-06-26 C Weiland Jet centrifuge
US3923241A (en) * 1973-07-21 1975-12-02 Cyphelly Ivan J Decanting centrifuge
US4014498A (en) * 1975-01-15 1977-03-29 Alfa-Laval Ab Method and apparatus for centrifuging sludge-containing liquids
US4073431A (en) * 1975-11-18 1978-02-14 Flottweg-Werk Dr. Georg Bruckmayer Gmbh & Co. Kg Solid jacket worm centrifuge with rpm differential variable coupling between jacket part and worm part
FR2332064A1 (en) * 1975-11-18 1977-06-17 Flottweg Werk Bruckmayer WINDSCREW CENTRIFUGE, FULL BOWL, WITH VARIABLE DIFFERENTIAL SPEED COUPLING BETWEEN THE WRAP AND THE AUGER
FR2332063A1 (en) * 1975-11-18 1977-06-17 Flottweg Werk Bruckmayer PROCESS FOR SEPARATING PARTICULARLY DIFFICULT SUSPENSIONS TO DECAN, USING A SCREW CENTRIFUGE WITH FULL WALL ROTOR AND RELATIVE CENTRIFUGE
US4085888A (en) * 1975-11-18 1978-04-25 Flottweg-Werk Dr. Georg Bruckmayer Gmbh & Co. Kg Process and apparatus for the treatment of suspensions
US4044943A (en) * 1976-06-21 1977-08-30 Kobe, Inc. Centrifugal separator and system
FR2359625A1 (en) * 1976-07-26 1978-02-24 Schloeffel Paul PROCESS FOR DEHYDRATING SUSPENSIONS OF SOLID MATERIALS
US4240578A (en) * 1977-05-04 1980-12-23 Jackson Joseph F Solid bowl decanter centrifuges of the scroll discharge type
US4297225A (en) * 1977-09-30 1981-10-27 Hartley Bobby G Recycling centrifuge for the reduction of viscosity and gel strength of drilling fluids
DK153294B (en) * 1978-03-18 1988-07-04 Westfalia Separator Ag POWER TRANSMISSION BODY FOR CONTINUOUS WORKING CUTTER Centrifuge
FR2636669A1 (en) * 1988-09-19 1990-03-23 Guillaume Jean Paul Mobile regenerator unit for drilling muds.
US5342279A (en) * 1992-08-18 1994-08-30 Alfa Laval Separation Inc. Decanter centrifuge having dual motor drive
US5344570A (en) * 1993-01-14 1994-09-06 James E. McLachlan Method and apparatus for removing solids from a liquid
US5494584A (en) * 1993-01-14 1996-02-27 James E. McLachlan Method and apparatus for controlling a pump upstream of a centrifuge

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