US3125410A - Method of solvent extraction - Google Patents

Method of solvent extraction Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3125410A
US3125410A US3125410DA US3125410A US 3125410 A US3125410 A US 3125410A US 3125410D A US3125410D A US 3125410DA US 3125410 A US3125410 A US 3125410A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
elements
phosphoric acid
butyl
organic
butyl phosphoric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
Publication date
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3125410A publication Critical patent/US3125410A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for extracting elements from aqueous solutions thereof and more particularly to an extraction process using a selective organic solvent.
  • One object of this invention is to provide a method of separating certain elements from most all other elements.
  • Another object is to provide a method of separating these certain elements from each other.
  • Still another object is to provide an extraction method suitable for separating either macro or trace concentrations of the elements.
  • the elements of groups IVA, VA, tin, yttrium, protactinium, thorium, indium and the heavy rare earth elements of the type 4f (atomic numbers 65 through 71) and type 5f (atomic numbers 97 and above) of Hubbards Periodic Chart of the Atoms (revised edition, 1950), published by W. M. Welch Scientific Co., Chicago, can be extracted from aqueous acid solutions thereof by the use of alkyl phosphates, in more particular, the invention provides a method of extracting the elements of group IVA, thorium and indium from other elements including the elements of group VA.
  • the acids used to produce the aqueous solutions must be of such a character as will not preferentially complex, at the concentrations at which they are present in the solution, the particular elements under consideration in contrast to the complexing of the elements with the alkyl phosphate. These acids are designated with reference to the elements in question as non-complexing acids.
  • solutions can be made with one non-complexing acid alone or with mixtures of two or more.
  • this process is carried on with acid conoentrations in the aqueous phase 'of the order of at least about one molar (1 M). Since certain acids such as hydrofluoric, oxalic, malic, tartaric, citric and lactic are known to complex the elements in question, their use should be avoided or their concentrations held to certain limited ranges where they do not complex objectionably, these ranges depending on the concentration of other acids in the aqueous phase and on the concentration of the alkyl phosphate.
  • oxalic acid in a concentration as high as 0.004 M is not objection-able.
  • Alkyl phosphates in-general, can be used as the extractive agent, being employed in what is designated as the organic phase.
  • Alkyl phosphates readily available 3,125,410 Patented Mar. 17, 1964 commercially include the mono, di and tri-alkyl esters of phosphoric acid.
  • Single alkyl phosphates can be used or mixtures of two or more.
  • mixtures of di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and mono-n-butyl phosphoric acid sometimes referred to as 'di-n-butyl hydrogen phosphate, and mono-n-butyl dihydrogeu phosphate, respectively, derived from the commercially available normal butyl phosphoric acid.
  • alkyl phosphate extracting agent can, under some circumstances, be used in its pure form, it is usually, as a practical matter, dissolved in an organic solvent which is immiscible with the aqueous phase.
  • organic solvent for the alkyl phosphates is suitable including ethers, hydrocarbons, and halogenated hydrocarbons.
  • Di-n-butyl ether was used in the following examples because its boiling point falls in a region convenient for experimental purposes.
  • the method involves intimately mixing the aqueous solution with the organic phase, and thereafter separating the phases either by allowing the phases to separate by flotation or to expedite the separation, by centrifuging.
  • the mixing can be accomplished by stirring, shaking or using countercurrent solvent extraction apparatus or other suitable means. The following examples are illustrative.
  • Example I Aqueous phases, one M in nitric acid, containing carrier-free (i.e. trace) concentrations of elements of groups IVA, VA, indium, tin, thorium, protactinium, yttrium and the heavy rare earth elements of the types 4f and 5f were intimately mixed fora period of five minutes with organic phases made by dissolving mixed normal butyl phosphoric acids in di-normal butyl ether to a concentration of 0.6 M di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and 0.13 M mono-n-butyl phosphoric acid. The volume ratio of organic to aqueous phases was one to one. After mixing, thetwo phases were separated by centrifugation.
  • carrier-free i.e. trace
  • the organic phase was found to have extracted at least about 85% of the above mentioned elements in this example.
  • the primary extracting agent in this example is the di-nbutyl phosphoric acid, whereas, the mono-n-butyl acid has a secondary extracting effect, being not as powerful an. extractive agent as the di-n-butyl phosphoric acid.
  • Example 2 Aqueous phases, one Min sulphuric acid, and 0.004 M in oxalic acid, containing macro concentrations of the elements of groups IVA, VA, indium, thorium, protactinium, yttrium, tin and the heavy rare earth elements of types 4f and 5f were intimately mixed for a period of 5 minutes
  • organic phases made by dissolving mixed n-butyl phosphoric acids in di-n-butyl ether to a concentration of 0.6 M di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and 0.13 M mono-n-butyl phosphoric acid.
  • the volume ratio of organic to aqueous phases was one to one. After mixing, the two phases were separated by centrifugation.
  • the organic phase was found to have extracted at least about of the above mentioned elements in this example except for tin which extracted to the extent of at least 50%.
  • the primary extracting agent in this example is the di-ubutyl phosphoric acid.
  • the mono-n-butyl phosphoric acid has a similar secondary effect as noted under Example 1.
  • Example 3 Aqueous phases, one M in nitric acid, containing carrier-free concentrations of the elements of groups IVA, VA, indium, thorium and protactinium were intimately mixed for a period of 5 minutes with organic phases made by dissolving di-n-butyl phosphoric acid in di-n-butyl ether to a concentration of 0.06 M. The volume ratio of organic to aqueous phases was one to one. After mixing, the two phases were separated by centrifugation. The organic phase was found to have extracted at least about 95% of the elements of the group IVA, thorium, and indium, and less than 5% of the elements of group VA and proactinium.
  • Example 4 Aqueous phases, one M in sulphuric acid, containing macro concentrations of the elements of groups IVA, VA, indium, thorium, and protactinium were intimately mixed for a period of minutes with organic phases made by dissolving di-n-butyl phosphoric acid in di-n-butyl ether to a concentration of 0.06 M. The volume ratio of organic to aqueous phases was one to one. After mixing, the two phases were separated by centrifugation. The organic phase was found to have extracted at least about 95% of the elements of group IVA and thorium, 85% of the indium, and less than 5% of the elements in group VA and protactinium.
  • Example 2 indicated that at least 80% of the elements of group VA were extracted, there is in fact an appreciable spread above this minimum between the percentages of niobium and tantalum extracted. This spread can be used to advantage for the enrichment of a tantalum or niobium fraction, as shown in the following example.
  • Example 5 Aqueous phases, 2 M in sulphuric acid, containing macro concentrations of tantalum and niobium were intimately mixed for a period of 5 minutes with organic phases made by dissolving di-n-butyl phosphoric acid in di-n-butyl ether to a concentration of 0.15 M.
  • the volume ratio of organic to aqueous phases was one to one.
  • the two phases were separated by centrifugation and the organic phase was found to have extracted about 65% of the tantalum and about of the niobium.
  • the amount of spread has been found to be a function of both the concentration of the di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and the acid in the aqueous phase.
  • alkyl phosphate When the extraction of elements is undertaken by the use of alkyl phosphate according to the present invention, it is sometimes desirable to prevent or inhibit the extraction of the elements in the category consisting of group VA and protactinium. This is the case, for example, when it is desired to separate elements of group VA and protactinium from others extractable by alkyl phosphates. This inhibiting can be accomplished, as evident from the preceding examples, by using low concentrations of alkyl phosphate or by shortening the period of contact between the aqueous and organic phases. Also contemplated is the use of hydrogen peroxide as an inhibitor for the elements in group VA and protactinium, as shown in the following exarnple.
  • Example 6 With niobium, as representative of the category consisting of the elements of group VA and protactinium, in carrier-free concentrations in a one M nitric acid aqueous phase, an organic phase of 0.5 M di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and 0.47 mono-n-butyl phosphoric in di-n-butyl ether, with a ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase of one to one, and a mixing time of 5 minutes, extracted over 96% of the niobium.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Description

United States Patent Ofiiice 3,125,410 METHOD OF SULVENT EXTRAQTION Nathan E. Ballou, 1531 Campus Drive, Berkeley 8, Calif., and Edith M. Scadden, 2637 Clay St, San Francisco, (Iali- The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes Without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
This invention relates to a method for extracting elements from aqueous solutions thereof and more particularly to an extraction process using a selective organic solvent.
This is a division of a patent application, Serial #437,893, now abandoned, filed in the U8. Patent Otlice by the same inventors, June 18, 1954, and entitled Method of Solvent Extraction.
One object of this invention is to provide a method of separating certain elements from most all other elements.
Another object is to provide a method of separating these certain elements from each other.
Still another object is to provide an extraction method suitable for separating either macro or trace concentrations of the elements.
Other objects are to provide a solvent separation method capable of benig conducted at room temperature under ordinary laboratory conditions, and which Will he more efiicient, quicker, and economical.
These and other objects will become apparent from the following detailed description:
According to this invention it has ben found that the elements of groups IVA, VA, tin, yttrium, protactinium, thorium, indium and the heavy rare earth elements of the type 4f (atomic numbers 65 through 71) and type 5f (atomic numbers 97 and above) of Hubbards Periodic Chart of the Atoms (revised edition, 1950), published by W. M. Welch Scientific Co., Chicago, can be extracted from aqueous acid solutions thereof by the use of alkyl phosphates, in more particular, the invention provides a method of extracting the elements of group IVA, thorium and indium from other elements including the elements of group VA.
The acids used to produce the aqueous solutions must be of such a character as will not preferentially complex, at the concentrations at which they are present in the solution, the particular elements under consideration in contrast to the complexing of the elements with the alkyl phosphate. These acids are designated with reference to the elements in question as non-complexing acids. The
solutions can be made with one non-complexing acid alone or with mixtures of two or more.
Conveniently this process is carried on with acid conoentrations in the aqueous phase 'of the order of at least about one molar (1 M). Since certain acids such as hydrofluoric, oxalic, malic, tartaric, citric and lactic are known to complex the elements in question, their use should be avoided or their concentrations held to certain limited ranges where they do not complex objectionably, these ranges depending on the concentration of other acids in the aqueous phase and on the concentration of the alkyl phosphate. For example, when the aqueous phase is one M in sulphuric acid and the alkyl phosphate used is 0.06 M di-n-butyl phosphoric acid, oxalic acid in a concentration as high as 0.004 M is not objection-able.
Alkyl phosphates, in-general, can be used as the extractive agent, being employed in what is designated as the organic phase. Alkyl phosphates readily available 3,125,410 Patented Mar. 17, 1964 commercially include the mono, di and tri-alkyl esters of phosphoric acid. Single alkyl phosphates can be used or mixtures of two or more. For example, there has been found to be quite satisfactory for use with this invention, mixtures of di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and mono-n-butyl phosphoric acid, sometimes referred to as 'di-n-butyl hydrogen phosphate, and mono-n-butyl dihydrogeu phosphate, respectively, derived from the commercially available normal butyl phosphoric acid.
While the alkyl phosphate extracting agent can, under some circumstances, be used in its pure form, it is usually, as a practical matter, dissolved in an organic solvent which is immiscible with the aqueous phase. Generally, any known organic solvent for the alkyl phosphates is suitable including ethers, hydrocarbons, and halogenated hydrocarbons. Di-n-butyl ether was used in the following examples because its boiling point falls in a region convenient for experimental purposes.
The method involves intimately mixing the aqueous solution with the organic phase, and thereafter separating the phases either by allowing the phases to separate by flotation or to expedite the separation, by centrifuging. The mixing can be accomplished by stirring, shaking or using countercurrent solvent extraction apparatus or other suitable means. The following examples are illustrative.
Example I Aqueous phases, one M in nitric acid, containing carrier-free (i.e. trace) concentrations of elements of groups IVA, VA, indium, tin, thorium, protactinium, yttrium and the heavy rare earth elements of the types 4f and 5f were intimately mixed fora period of five minutes with organic phases made by dissolving mixed normal butyl phosphoric acids in di-normal butyl ether to a concentration of 0.6 M di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and 0.13 M mono-n-butyl phosphoric acid. The volume ratio of organic to aqueous phases was one to one. After mixing, thetwo phases were separated by centrifugation. The organic phase was found to have extracted at least about 85% of the above mentioned elements in this example. The primary extracting agent in this example is the di-nbutyl phosphoric acid, whereas, the mono-n-butyl acid has a secondary extracting effect, being not as powerful an. extractive agent as the di-n-butyl phosphoric acid.
Example 2 V Aqueous phases, one Min sulphuric acid, and 0.004 M in oxalic acid, containing macro concentrations of the elements of groups IVA, VA, indium, thorium, protactinium, yttrium, tin and the heavy rare earth elements of types 4f and 5f were intimately mixed for a period of 5 minutes With organic phases made by dissolving mixed n-butyl phosphoric acids in di-n-butyl ether to a concentration of 0.6 M di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and 0.13 M mono-n-butyl phosphoric acid. The volume ratio of organic to aqueous phases was one to one. After mixing, the two phases were separated by centrifugation. The organic phase was found to have extracted at least about of the above mentioned elements in this example except for tin which extracted to the extent of at least 50%. The presence of 0.004 M oxalic acid, one of the agents known to complex elements of this category, did not have any deleterious preferential complexing eifect. The primary extracting agent in this example is the di-ubutyl phosphoric acid. The mono-n-butyl phosphoric acid has a similar secondary effect as noted under Example 1.
To facilitate separation of group IVA, indium and thorium from group VA and protactinium, advantage can be taken of the change in complexing ability of the alkyl phosphate with its concentration as shown in the two following examples.
Example 3 Aqueous phases, one M in nitric acid, containing carrier-free concentrations of the elements of groups IVA, VA, indium, thorium and protactinium were intimately mixed for a period of 5 minutes with organic phases made by dissolving di-n-butyl phosphoric acid in di-n-butyl ether to a concentration of 0.06 M. The volume ratio of organic to aqueous phases was one to one. After mixing, the two phases were separated by centrifugation. The organic phase was found to have extracted at least about 95% of the elements of the group IVA, thorium, and indium, and less than 5% of the elements of group VA and proactinium.
Using, in place of di-n-butyl phosphoric acid alone, a mixture of di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and mono-n-butyl phosphoric acid at a concentration of 0.06 M di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and a one M ratio of the dito mono n-butyl phosphoric acids of 4.5 to 1, substantially the same amount of the category consisting of group IVA, thorium, and indium were extracted in a 5 minute mixing period as with the di-n-butyl phosphoric acid alone, but 5 to of the category consisting of group VA and protactinium were also extracted in a 5 minute mixing period. By reducing the mixing period, to say 2 minutes, the amount of group IVA, thorium, and indium extracted remains substantially the same but the extraction of group VA and protactinium is reduced to less than 5%.
Example 4 Aqueous phases, one M in sulphuric acid, containing macro concentrations of the elements of groups IVA, VA, indium, thorium, and protactinium were intimately mixed for a period of minutes with organic phases made by dissolving di-n-butyl phosphoric acid in di-n-butyl ether to a concentration of 0.06 M. The volume ratio of organic to aqueous phases was one to one. After mixing, the two phases were separated by centrifugation. The organic phase was found to have extracted at least about 95% of the elements of group IVA and thorium, 85% of the indium, and less than 5% of the elements in group VA and protactinium.
While Example 2 indicated that at least 80% of the elements of group VA were extracted, there is in fact an appreciable spread above this minimum between the percentages of niobium and tantalum extracted. This spread can be used to advantage for the enrichment of a tantalum or niobium fraction, as shown in the following example.
Example 5 Aqueous phases, 2 M in sulphuric acid, containing macro concentrations of tantalum and niobium were intimately mixed for a period of 5 minutes with organic phases made by dissolving di-n-butyl phosphoric acid in di-n-butyl ether to a concentration of 0.15 M. The volume ratio of organic to aqueous phases was one to one. After mixing, the two phases were separated by centrifugation and the organic phase was found to have extracted about 65% of the tantalum and about of the niobium. The amount of spread has been found to be a function of both the concentration of the di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and the acid in the aqueous phase.
When the extraction of elements is undertaken by the use of alkyl phosphate according to the present invention, it is sometimes desirable to prevent or inhibit the extraction of the elements in the category consisting of group VA and protactinium. This is the case, for example, when it is desired to separate elements of group VA and protactinium from others extractable by alkyl phosphates. This inhibiting can be accomplished, as evident from the preceding examples, by using low concentrations of alkyl phosphate or by shortening the period of contact between the aqueous and organic phases. Also contemplated is the use of hydrogen peroxide as an inhibitor for the elements in group VA and protactinium, as shown in the following exarnple.
Example 6 With niobium, as representative of the category consisting of the elements of group VA and protactinium, in carrier-free concentrations in a one M nitric acid aqueous phase, an organic phase of 0.5 M di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and 0.47 mono-n-butyl phosphoric in di-n-butyl ether, with a ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase of one to one, and a mixing time of 5 minutes, extracted over 96% of the niobium. When the example experiment was repeated with hydrogen peroxide present in the aqueous phase at a concentration of 3% by Weight of the aqueous phase there resulted an extraction of about 67% of niobium during the same 5 minute mixing time. With the same hydrogen peroxide percentage, if the mono-n-phosphoric acid is reduced to 0.003 M the extraction of niobium is reduced to 21%.
While the foregoing examples illustrate the process carried on with a single extraction, it is apparent that more of the elements under consideration can be extracted by repeated extractions with fresh batches of alkyl phosphate.
According to the invention there is afforded a simple and expedient process for extracting selectively certain elements from aqeous solutions to separate them from most other elements. The process can be conducted under ordinary laboratory conditions and obviates many disadvantages present in other known methods; for example, no special apparatus is required, nor must the experiments be conducted under extremely precise and critical conditions. Furthermore, separations by this invention have been found to be considerably more economical.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
We claim:
1. A method of extracting elements of group IV-A, indium and thorium from an aqueous solution formed with nitric acid having an aqueous phase of about one M, said solution including elements of both groups IVA and VA and protactinium, comprising intimately mixing said aqueous solution with a substantially equal volume of organic solution including di-n-butyl phosphoric acid in a concentration of about 0.06 M, said organic solution being immiscible with said aqueous solution and being otherwise physically and chemically compatible with the desired extraction, and said organic solution being formed by dissolving a mixture of di-n-butyl phosphoric and mono-nbutyl phosphoric acid (both in their pure form) in all organic solvent to a concentration of 0.06 di-n-butyl phosphoric acid and a one M ratio of di-to-mono-n-butyl phosphoric acids of 4.5 to 1.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said mixing period is limited to about two minutes.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,683,655 Peppard July 13, 1954 2,789,878 Peppard Apr. 23, 1957 2,796,320 Spedding June 18, 1957 2,824,783 Peppard et al Feb. 25, 1958 2,882,124 Seaborg Apr, 14, 1959 2,883,264 Warf Apr. 21, 1959 OTHER REFERENCES AEC Document AECD 2524, declassified March 11, 1949.
Scadden et al.: Anal. Chem, volume 25, No. 11, pages 16024604, November 1953.
AECD Document DP 250, pages 4-22.

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF EXTRACTING ELEMENTS OF GROUP IV-A, INDIUM AND THORIUM FROM AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION FORMED WITH NITRIC ACID HAVING AN AQUEOUS PHASE OF ABOUT ONE M, SAID SOLUTION INCLUDING ELEMENTS OF BOTH GROUPS IVA AND VA AND PROTACTINIUM, COMNPRISING INTIMATELY MIXING SAID AQUEOUS SOLUTION WITH A SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL VOLUME OF ORGANIC SOLUTION INCLUDING DI-N-BUTYL PHOSPHORIC ACID IN A CONCENTRATION OF ABOUT 0.06 M, SAID ORGANIC SOLUTION BEING IMMISCIBLE WITH SAID AQUEOUS SOLUTION AND BEING OTHERWISE PHYSICALLY AND CHEMICALLY COMPATIBLE WITH THE DESIRED EXTRACTION, AND SAID ORGANIC SOLUTION BEING FORMED BY DISSOLVING A MIXTURE OF DI-N-BUTYL PHOSPHORIC AND MONO-NBUTYL PHOSPHORIC ACID (BOTH IN THEIR PURE FORM) IN AN ORGANIC SOLVENT TO A CONCENTRATION OF 0.06 DI-N-BUTYL PHOSPHORIC ACID AND A ONE M RATIO OF DI-TO-MONO-N-BUTYL PHOSPHORIC ACIDS OF 4.5 TO 1.
US3125410D Method of solvent extraction Expired - Lifetime US3125410A (en)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3125410A true US3125410A (en) 1964-03-17

Family

ID=3454702

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US3125410D Expired - Lifetime US3125410A (en) Method of solvent extraction

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3125410A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3230036A (en) * 1963-09-18 1966-01-18 Frederick A Kappelmann Method for separating americium and curium from the lanthanide rare earths and yttrium

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2683655A (en) * 1952-09-10 1954-07-13 Atomic Energy Commission Separation of americium and curium from aqueous solutions
US2789878A (en) * 1952-12-23 1957-04-23 Donald F Peppard Protactinium extraction process
US2796320A (en) * 1947-04-08 1957-06-18 Spedding Frank Harold Solvent extraction process for purification of thorium
US2824783A (en) * 1953-02-27 1958-02-25 Donald F Peppard Separation of scandium from aqueous solutions
US2882124A (en) * 1945-10-12 1959-04-14 Glenn T Seaborg Solvent extraction process for plutonium
US2883264A (en) * 1950-10-18 1959-04-21 James C Warf Solvent extraction of thorium values from aqueous solutions

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2882124A (en) * 1945-10-12 1959-04-14 Glenn T Seaborg Solvent extraction process for plutonium
US2796320A (en) * 1947-04-08 1957-06-18 Spedding Frank Harold Solvent extraction process for purification of thorium
US2883264A (en) * 1950-10-18 1959-04-21 James C Warf Solvent extraction of thorium values from aqueous solutions
US2683655A (en) * 1952-09-10 1954-07-13 Atomic Energy Commission Separation of americium and curium from aqueous solutions
US2789878A (en) * 1952-12-23 1957-04-23 Donald F Peppard Protactinium extraction process
US2824783A (en) * 1953-02-27 1958-02-25 Donald F Peppard Separation of scandium from aqueous solutions

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3230036A (en) * 1963-09-18 1966-01-18 Frederick A Kappelmann Method for separating americium and curium from the lanthanide rare earths and yttrium

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3117833A (en) Process of purifying and separating columbium and tantalum values from each other
US3821352A (en) Process for separation of yttrium from the lanthanides
US2824783A (en) Separation of scandium from aqueous solutions
Taube The influence of diluent polarity on extraction of plutonium complexes to organic media
Pandey et al. Recovery of Hf and Zr from slurry waste of zirconium purification plant using solvent extraction
US3013859A (en) Separation of scandium values from iron values by solvent extraction
US2683655A (en) Separation of americium and curium from aqueous solutions
US2962372A (en) Columbium and tantalum separation
US4867951A (en) Separation of actinides from lanthanides
US3125410A (en) Method of solvent extraction
US3949049A (en) Method of stripping plutonium from tributyl phosphate solution which contains dibutyl phosphate-plutonium stable complexes
US3069232A (en) Recovery of hafnium values
US3658466A (en) Process for the separation of zirconium and hafnium
US4190633A (en) Crud handling circuit
US2982600A (en) Uranium decontamination with respect to zirconium
US3258315A (en) Monoalkyl phosphoric acid extraction of cesium and strontium values
US3179503A (en) Extraction of cesium from aqueous solution using phenols
US2833616A (en) Separation of uranium from zirconium and niobium by solvent extraction
US2883264A (en) Solvent extraction of thorium values from aqueous solutions
KR890004520B1 (en) A process for the overall recovery of uranium yttrium thorium and rare earths contained in a phosphate-bearing ore
US3326811A (en) Processing of irradiated nuclear fuels
EP0010394A1 (en) Process for extracting uranium from phosphoric acid
US3323857A (en) Selective extraction and separation of lanthanides with a quaternary ammonium compound
US3640678A (en) Yttrium purification process
US4923630A (en) Extractant composition