US3123807A - Uiilljo - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3123807A
US3123807A US3123807DA US3123807A US 3123807 A US3123807 A US 3123807A US 3123807D A US3123807D A US 3123807DA US 3123807 A US3123807 A US 3123807A
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magnetization
windings
winding
pulse
pulses
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/45—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
    • G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
    • G11C11/06—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using single-aperture storage elements, e.g. ring core; using multi-aperture plates in which each individual aperture forms a storage element
    • G11C11/06007—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using single-aperture storage elements, e.g. ring core; using multi-aperture plates in which each individual aperture forms a storage element using a single aperture or single magnetic closed circuit
    • G11C11/06014—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using single-aperture storage elements, e.g. ring core; using multi-aperture plates in which each individual aperture forms a storage element using a single aperture or single magnetic closed circuit using one such element per bit
    • G11C11/0605—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using single-aperture storage elements, e.g. ring core; using multi-aperture plates in which each individual aperture forms a storage element using a single aperture or single magnetic closed circuit using one such element per bit with non-destructive read-out
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/80—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using non-linear magnetic devices; using non-linear dielectric devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices comprising a magneticelement, the remanent magnetization state of which is determinative ofthe production-of an output pulse by the action of a control pulse; Such devices are u'sethfor example,"as' a storage element in'electric com-" puters.
  • the production of'anoutput pulse- is based on the fact that the remanent magnetization'reverses its direction under the influence of the control'puis'e. Hence, such an element has only two remanent magnetization states.
  • the present invention utilizes a phenomenon occurring in particular magnetic materials, in which a plurality of remanent' magnetization states are possible, thus permitting'a greater diversity of information'per element.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of'one embodiment of the invention, i
  • FiG. la is a FIG. "1.
  • FIG; 2 shows characteristics for explaining FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a variantof FlG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 represents a circuit arrangement comprising devices as shown inFlG. 1.”
  • I r PEG. 5 shows an eievational, partly cross-sectional view of another modification of FIG.”1.
  • the referenceK represents a crystal of'a material; the remanent magnetization states I, 11, ill of: which are at angles different from 180 with each other, in the illustrated example 120.
  • The'memberK is preferably a single'crysta'l. Materials having 'sucha behaviour are found among the Ferroxplana'materials known in the art.
  • compositions of suitable materials are described in copendin gapplicationgSerial N'os.'603,'- 134; 603,132-603,136; 635,614; 659,516 and 728,849, filed respectively, on August 9, 1956; August 9, 1956; August 9, 1956; January 23, 1957; May I6, 1957; and April '16, 1958; now US. Patents 2,955,085; 2,946,752; 2,946,753; 2,960,471; 2,977,312; and 3,043,776; re-' spectively, issuing on Gctober'4, 1960; 11113 26, 1960; July 25, 1960; November'li 1960; March 28, 1961; and July 10, 1962, respectively.
  • the formation of thematerial in single crystal form is described in the copending' application, Serial No. 739,694, filed June 4,- 1958, and in'Fhilips Technical'Review','vol. 19 (1957), page 209 et seq.
  • They may, for example, have a composition according to the chemical formula 'Ba Me Fe O or Ba Me Fe O where Me preferably contains atleast cobalt.
  • They have a crystal energy c as a function of the angle (,0, measured in'the plane at right anglesto the hexagonal axis ofthe single'crystal, as shown 'in FIG. 2. In directions," in which the crystal energy 0 has itsminima, the magnetization 'vector will have preferentialpositions.
  • the magnetization vector coincides with perspective view of the embodiment of 3,123,897 Patented Mar. 3, 1964 the direction I (see FIG. 1), a given minimum field, for example in the direction ll, corresponding to variations of the crystal energy 0 is required to make the magnetization vector follow this direction.
  • --FlG. 2 shows six minima of the crystal energy 0 which, however, pairwise subtend angles of 180 with each other.
  • the crystal K exhibits three preferred directions of' magnetization in its preferred plane of magnetization. The three preferred directions being at relative to one another are thus non-parallel.
  • the crystal K is enclosed by a ring S consisting of softmagnetic'material, for example ferrite, furnished with recesses accommodating windings 1, 2 and 3.
  • Thewindings' encircle 'the crystal K and lie in planes perpendicular to the preferred crystal directions I, H and ill.
  • the soft ring S encloses the Whole systemof crystal K and wind the Winding 2.-
  • the device of FIG. 1,-having three prefer-red directions, will thus possessatotal of six remanent magnetization states.
  • the device according to the-invention is based on these phenomena.
  • a weak pulse may be supplied to one of the windings, as a resulttof which the 'magnetization'slightly fluctuates about the inscribed preferentiahdirection,"but the iniormation'state' is retaine'd; From the pulses produced in the other windings, the preferential direction of the magnetization vector can then be derived. if, for example, this *were the direction I and a small current pulse were supplied to the winding 1, then low, equal. and opposite voltages are produced in the windings 2 and 3. If, contrary thereto, the direction of magnetization were II, a pulse considerably exceeding that produced in the winding 2 is produced in the winding 3,- and'the revese holds if the magnetization initially had the direction Ill,
  • the information can alternatively be read out with a st'rongcurrent pulse so that the magnetiza tion moreover assumes the direction corresponding to the winding or windings to which the read-out pulse is supplied-5*
  • the read-out may be simplified by combining, for example,the windings 2 and 3 to form a single winding 4,*the plane of which extends at right angles to that of'the winding '1, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the read-in may be effected by supplying a combination of positive and negative "pulses to' the windings 1 and 4, and for read-out a pulse is supplied to the windin'gl and the output pulse then produced in the winding 4 is measured.
  • the numbers appearing inthe table represent the relative magnitude of the input and output pulses, and the plus and minus signs their polarity;
  • the opposite remanent magnetization states I, Ii, and Ill are obtainable.
  • reading-out it is possible to use the value and polarity of the voltages in one of the windings 2 and 3, respectively, and their diiference as well.
  • the device according to the invention may be used as an adding element in computer circuit arrangements.
  • the magnetization vector initially occupies the position I and the windings 2 and 3 are supplied with pulses, each of which is unable to cause the magnetization to leave the position I but which jointly make it assume the position +1, a suiiicient output pulse will be produced only in the last-mentioned case in the winding 1 to serve as a measure for the adding operation.
  • An element as shown in FIG. 1 further permits a coincidence circuit to be built. Assuming the initial magnetization to occupy a position II, when sufficiently strong non-coincident pulses are supplied to the windings 2 and 3 respectively causing the magnetization to pass over from the position -II to the position -III and conversely, such passing over produces, however, only a negligible pulse in the winding 1, since the component of the magnetic flux flowing through this winding remains unchanged. If, contrary thereto, the pulses in the windings 2 and 3 coincide so that the magnetization will assume the position I, a considerable output pulse is produced in the winding 1. By integration of the pulse in the winding 1, the criterion of coincidence can be made still more acute.
  • HG. 4 shows a pulse-dilferentiating circuit comprising two elements 7 and 8 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the windings 1, 2, 3 and 1, 2., 3 respectively of these elements are characterized by the directions I, II, III, and the di rections I, II, III respectively, at right angles to the plane of these windings, which directions moreover correspond to the preferential directions of magnetization.
  • a clock-pulse generator 9 is connected to the windings 3 and 3, and a source 10 of the pulses to be tested is connected to the winding 1 of the element 7.
  • the windings 2 and 2' are connected together and the winding 1' of the element 8 serves as an output.
  • the magnetization in the element 7 will retain the direction II, while the magnetization in the element 8 will retain the direction lII', so that no pulse is produced in the output winding 1'.
  • the magnetization of the element 7 assumes the position -III and the next coincidence of the pulses from the sources results in 9 and 10 producing a pulse in the winding 2 so that the magnetization of the element 8 assumes the direction I, and a pulse is produced in the output winding 1.
  • the magnetization of the element 8 reassumes the position III' and an opposite pulse is produced in the output winding 1.
  • the disc-shaped crystal K may be provided on a ring 15 of soft magnetic material (FIG. 5) furnished with slots 16, 17, 18 for the passage of windings 19, 20, 21.
  • the arrow in FIG. 5a shows the resultant magnetic field when introducing a current from the left-hand terminal of the winding 19.
  • a magnetic memory device comprising a magnetic storage element composed of hexagonal-crystal-structure ferrite material and having a preferred plane of magnetization and at least three non-parallel preferred directions of magnetization in said plane and at least three non-parallel stable states of remanent magnetization, and at least two windings coupled to said element for selectively magnetizing said element in any one of said three preferred directions.
  • a magnetic memory device comprising a magnetic storage element possessing at least three non-parallel preferred directions of magnetization and at least three nonparallel stable states of remanent magnetization in a preferred plane, and winding means coupled to said storage element for selectively magnetizing said element in any one of said three preferred directions.
  • a magnetic memory device comprising a disc-like ferromagnetic storage element possessing at least two non-parallel preferred directions of magnetization in the plane of said disc and said disc-like element thus being capable of assuming four stable remanent magnetization states, at least two windings coupled to the disc so that their winding planes are at right angles to the plane of the disc, means for passing current pulses through said windings selectively to establish said four magnetization states, which are retained even after the pulses terminate, and means coupled to at least one of the windings to derive an output signal indicative of the state established.
  • a magnetic memory device comprising a disc-like ferromagnetic storage element possessing three nonparallel preferred directions of magnetization in the plane of said disc and said disc-like element thus being capable of assuming six stable remanent magnetization states, at least two windings encircling the disc so that their winding planes are at right angles to the plane of the disc, means for passing current pulses through said windings selectively to establish said six magnetization states, which are retained even after the pulses terminate, and means coupled to at least one of the windings to derive an output signal indicative of the state established.
  • a magnetic memory device comprising a monocrystalline disc-like hexagonal-cobalt-containing-ferrite storage element possessing a preferred plane of magnetization in the plane of the disc and three non-parallel preferred directions of magnetization in said plane and three non-parallel stable states of remanent magnetiza tion, three windings magnetically coupled to the disc to establish magnetic fields in the disc causing it to be magnetized in any one of the three directions, input means for passing current pulses through said windings selectively to establish any one of the three preferred directions of magnetization, sensing means for applying a sensing pulse to one of the windings, and output means coupled to another of the windings to derive an output voltage indicative of the established direction of magnetization when the sensing means are activated.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
  • Discharge By Other Means (AREA)
US3123807D 1957-06-24 Uiilljo Expired - Lifetime US3123807A (en)

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BE558662 1957-06-24

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DE (1) DE1067863B (en))
FR (1) FR1197397A (en))
GB (1) GB884431A (en))

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4160966A (en) * 1977-09-06 1979-07-10 Inductotherm Corp. Stabilized reactor

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2692978A (en) * 1951-10-05 1954-10-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ferrite inductor
US2712572A (en) * 1947-03-27 1955-07-05 Int Electronics Co Superimposed plural recording
US2736708A (en) * 1951-06-08 1956-02-28 Henry L Crowley & Company Inc Magnetic compositions
US2778803A (en) * 1953-02-06 1957-01-22 Aerovox Corp Magnetically hard materials
US2781503A (en) * 1953-04-29 1957-02-12 American Mach & Foundry Magnetic memory circuits employing biased magnetic binary cores
US2783207A (en) * 1952-05-22 1957-02-26 Electro Chimie Metal Preparation of powders suitable for the manufacture of permanent magnets
US2811652A (en) * 1955-03-17 1957-10-29 Sperry Rand Corp Pulse type transverse magnetic amplifier
NL88300C (en)) * 1955-08-10 1958-05-16
US2906979A (en) * 1954-10-01 1959-09-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method of making single crystal cores of a ferrite including cobalt and cores so made
US2938183A (en) * 1956-11-09 1960-05-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Single crystal inductor core of magnetizable garnet

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2712572A (en) * 1947-03-27 1955-07-05 Int Electronics Co Superimposed plural recording
US2736708A (en) * 1951-06-08 1956-02-28 Henry L Crowley & Company Inc Magnetic compositions
US2692978A (en) * 1951-10-05 1954-10-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ferrite inductor
US2783207A (en) * 1952-05-22 1957-02-26 Electro Chimie Metal Preparation of powders suitable for the manufacture of permanent magnets
US2778803A (en) * 1953-02-06 1957-01-22 Aerovox Corp Magnetically hard materials
US2781503A (en) * 1953-04-29 1957-02-12 American Mach & Foundry Magnetic memory circuits employing biased magnetic binary cores
US2906979A (en) * 1954-10-01 1959-09-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method of making single crystal cores of a ferrite including cobalt and cores so made
US2811652A (en) * 1955-03-17 1957-10-29 Sperry Rand Corp Pulse type transverse magnetic amplifier
NL88300C (en)) * 1955-08-10 1958-05-16
US2938183A (en) * 1956-11-09 1960-05-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Single crystal inductor core of magnetizable garnet

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DE1067863B (de) 1959-10-29
FR1197397A (fr) 1959-11-30
BE558662A (en))
GB884431A (en) 1961-12-13

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