US3123447A - Zirconium to stainless steel connection - Google Patents
Zirconium to stainless steel connection Download PDFInfo
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- US3123447A US3123447A US3123447DA US3123447A US 3123447 A US3123447 A US 3123447A US 3123447D A US3123447D A US 3123447DA US 3123447 A US3123447 A US 3123447A
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- zirconium
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 26
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 24
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 54
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 54
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 42
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 20
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 zirconium-titanium Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000036499 Half live Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium(0) Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005039 chemical industry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001235 nimonic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
- B23K35/005—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of a refractory metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
- B23K35/004—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of a metal of the iron group
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
- Y10T428/12021—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles having composition or density gradient or differential porosity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12458—All metal or with adjacent metals having composition, density, or hardness gradient
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12965—Both containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
- Y10T428/12979—Containing more than 10% nonferrous elements [e.g., high alloy, stainless]
Definitions
- Stainless fe-rritic steel with 12% Cr, improved by additions of Mo, V, Nb, W;
- Metals with a high melting point Be, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Mo,
- Cermets i.e. combinations of metallic powders and powders of oxides, carbides, silicates and nitrides
- a welding may be made between two metals or alloys, other than ferritic steel, with use of a transition piece the expansion coeflicient of which varies progressively and continuously from that one of the metals or alloys to that of the other metal or alloys.
- the chromium generally increases the resistance to oxidation at high temperature and the cobalt increases the mechanical resistance in a hot state, it is possible to prepare a composition for a given expansion coefficient, with the purpose of increasing either the mechanical resistance, or the resistance to corrosion, or both.
- the mechanical resistance in the hot state may be incrtased by means of small additions of C and elements 5 h as Mo, V, W, Ti, Nb, which form carbides and inte metallic compounds, or by means of additions of oxides, silicates, nitrides.
- FIG. 3 shows as a modification, the variation of the composition in a transition piece comp-rising two types of alloys, namely:
- transition pieces shown in FIGURES 4, 5 and 6 may all be obtained by the metallurgy of powders.
- Both methods of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 allow of forming the transition piece, the expansion coefficient of which varies in a continuous manner from the very low value (6.4x 10- of the zirconium to the very high value (18X 10* of the austenitic steel 18/8.
- alloys ZrTi have a very good mechanical and chemical resistance at high temperature, which resistance may still be increased by small additions or" elements such as Cr, Mo, W, Ta, Nb, Sn, V.
- the weldings effected with transition pieces according to the present invention radically avoid the danger of deterioration when in service. That is of considerable advantage from the point of view of safety, namely in the case of weldings employed in nuclear reactors.
- Another method consists in employing as an alloy in contact with Zr, a ferronickel having 42% Ni the expansion coefficient of which is 7.6 10 that is a coeiticient near to that of the Zr (6.4 10
- the percentage of Ni in certain cases may reach 90% or more.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
March 3, 1964 F. ZIMMER ZIRCONIUM TO STAINLESS STEEL CONNECTION Filed June 10, 1959 Ol x WWMQW FIG.
INVENTOR FRkNTISEK 2 INNER United States Patent ZHRCONIUM T0 STAINLESS STEEL CONNECTIGN Frantiselr Zinirner, Brussels, Belgium, assignor to Bureau dEtudes Industrielles Fernand (Iourtoy, Brussels, Belgium, a Belgian limited company Filed June 10, 195?, Ser. No. 819,290 Claims priority, application France June 30, 1958 1 Claim. (Cl. 29-196) This invention relates to improvements in the methods of welding together different heat-resisting metals or alloys, and more particularly .to the welding together of different metals or alloys which have very different expansion coeflicients. Such metals or alloys are more particularly employed in thermal or nuclear stations and also in the chemical industry.
It is known that the thermal efficiency of such stations depends to a large extent on the maximum temperature of the fluid which is employed in the stations. Such a temperature is limited by the characteristics at high temperature of the materials used in the construction of the apparatus of the said stations. Among the metals or alloys having favourable mechanical and chemical characteristics at high temperatures, the following may be mentioned in the increasing order of their resistance to high temperature:
Ferritic steel slightly alloyed with Cr-Mo, CrMoV;
Stainless =fe-rritic steel with 12% Cr, improved by additions of Mo, V, Nb, W;
Austenitic steels of the type 18Cr/8Ni;
Metals with a high melting point: Be, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Mo,
Ta, W;
Cermets" (i.e. combinations of metallic powders and powders of oxides, carbides, silicates and nitrides);
Hard intermediary compounds, for instance Cr Ti, MoSi From the point of the welding itself, the said metals and alloys have the following drawback: their expansion coefficients vary within very wide limits, as shown by the following examples giving the average expansion coefficient between 20 and 500 C.:
Tungsten 4.6 X Molybdenum 6 X 10' Zirconium 6.4 X 10' Titanium 9.7 X 10' Steel with 12% Cr 12X 10* Nimonic 80 (registered trademark) 13.7 10 Ferritic steel 14X lO Beryllium 16 X 10* Steel 18/8 18 l0 Owing to the said large difference between the expansion ooefiicients, a heterogeneous welding between two metals, such as zirconium and austenit-ic steel for instance, is the seat of very severe mechanical stresses.
When the welding is periodically heated and cooled, it is subjected to repeated stresses and to plastic deformations which produce microfissures with consequent destruction of the Welded joint.
It has previously been proposed by the present applicant to produce a welded joint between ferritic steel and austenitic steel, by using a transition piece of variable composition, the expansion coefiicient of which increases in a progressive and continuous manner from one end (that of cferritic steel) from 14.10 (coefficient of expansion of ferritic steel) to 18.10 (coefiicient of expansion of austenitic steel) to the other end of the said transition piece.
According to the said prior method, it is also known to use a prefabricated transition piece made by the metal- 2 lurgy of powders, consisting of three parts, namely a ferritic part, a transition part of variable composition, and an austenitic part.
It has now been found that a welding may be made between two metals or alloys, other than ferritic steel, with use of a transition piece the expansion coeflicient of which varies progressively and continuously from that one of the metals or alloys to that of the other metal or alloys.
When the differences between the expansion coeflicients oi the two metals :01 alloys Of the above types to be welded is great, use is preferably made according to the present invention of a transition piece made by the metallurgy of powders.
The transition piece may preferably be made of alloys Fer-Nickel (terronickels) of variable composition with suitable additions of chromium and cobalt.
T he chromium increases the expansion coeficient, the cobalt reduces it.
"flhe said alloys allow of obtaining all intermediary coefii ients between the extreme values of 6 10- and 18X 10- The alloys possessing the smallest coefiicients contain about 30% of nickel and up to 17% of cobalt, thejrest being iron.
The pure iferronickels, without any cobalt addition, with 36 to 48% Ni, have expansion coefficients of the order of 8X 10 Coefiicients higher than 8X 10* are obtained by lowering the percentage of nickel and increasing the percentage of chromium.
It is possible to obtain a given expansion coeificient by using different compositions, in which the percentages of nickel, chromium and cobalt is varied.
It is possible to obtain a given expansion coefficient by using different compositions, in which the percentages Olf nickel, chromium and cobalt is varied.
Since the chromium generally increases the resistance to oxidation at high temperature and the cobalt increases the mechanical resistance in a hot state, it is possible to prepare a composition for a given expansion coefficient, with the purpose of increasing either the mechanical resistance, or the resistance to corrosion, or both.
The mechanical resistance in the hot state may be incrtased by means of small additions of C and elements 5 h as Mo, V, W, Ti, Nb, which form carbides and inte metallic compounds, or by means of additions of oxides, silicates, nitrides.
Elements such as Si and Al may be added in order to increase the resistance to oxidation in a hot state.
Cobalt is an element the presence of which is undesirable in the alloys intended to be used in nuclear stations, owing to the danger of its induced radioactivity; it may be avoided by using for the expansion ooeflicients lower than 8 10 (minimum expansion coeflicient of the pure ferronickels) an alloy such as zirconium-titanium, the extreme expansion coeflicients of which are 6.4 l0 and 9.7x 10- Other characteristic features of the invention will appear from the following description of a joint zirconiumaustenitic steel, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings,
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the expansion coefiicient varying from that of zirconium (6.4 1O to that of the austenitic steel (18 10 PEG. 2 is a diagram showing the variations of the composition from the left end of a transition portion of an alloy 53% Fe30% Ni17% Co (coefiicient 6.4 10 to the composition of austenitic steel (18% Cr8% Ni) reached at the right end (coefficient 18 X- 10- of the said transition portion.
FIG. 3 shows as a modification, the variation of the composition in a transition piece comp-rising two types of alloys, namely:
(1) An alloy Zirconium-titanium occupying the sector of the expansion coefficients from 6.4- 10" (that of zirconium) to 9.7 10 (that of titanium);
(2) An alloy varying from a composition 54% Fe- 42% Ni4% Cr having an expansion coetficient of 9.7 10 to a composition of 18% Cr and 8% Ni having a coefiicient of expansion of 18 10 FIGURES 4, 5 and 6 show three forms of transition pieces used according to the present invention.
It should be noted that by the use of the metallurgy of powders, it is possible to obtain the desired variable composition of the transition piece, either by using powders of the individual metals, which powders are mixed in the required proportions, or by employing alloys reduced to powder form by atomization and mixed in a suitable manner.
It is also possible to form by the metallurgy of powders, materials the characteristic features of which, both in a cold and in a hot state, are the same as those obtained by the old metallurgy, and it is possible to avoid undesirable elements in an alloy, such as manganese fori instance, owing to the large efiicient section of capture ,(12 barns), or to avoid cobalt owing to the danger of its; induced radioactivity (half-life 5.3 years), or to avoid solid or gaseous impurities (P, S, O, N).
The metallurgy of powders also allows of introducing special elements into the alloy, of the amount required for obtaining special physical and metallurgical characteristics, such as expansion coefficient, mechanical and chemical resistance, etc., thus affording a facility which the old metallurgy does not offer owing to the serious drawbacks which may follow from such massive additions (segregation, faulty ingots, diiiicult forging operation).
The transition pieces shown in FIGURES 4, 5 and 6 may all be obtained by the metallurgy of powders.
The piece shown in FIGURE 4 is a monoblock; that of FEGURE 5 comprises a central portion 1, welded by flash welding between a short tube 2 of Zirconium made by ordinary methods and a short tube 3 of austenitic steel made also by ordinary methods. The transition piece shown in FIGURE 6 is a monoblock comprising a part 2 of zirconium, a transition part 1, and a part 3 made of austenitic steel, the entire pre-fabricated piece being made by the metallurgy of powders. 1
Both methods of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 allow of forming the transition piece, the expansion coefficient of which varies in a continuous manner from the very low value (6.4x 10- of the zirconium to the very high value (18X 10* of the austenitic steel 18/8.
Under such conditions, the diit'erence between the expansion coeficients or" two neighboring sections is so small that the stresses produced in the said sections by variations of temperature, are practically suppressed. The danger of crevices or of a rupture of the joint is entirely avoided.
The powder metallurgy lends itself very satisfactorily to the manufacture of such a joint since zirconium, titanium and their alloys, and also austenitic alloys are metals most satisfactorily used in such a technique.
It should be noted that alloys ZrTi have a very good mechanical and chemical resistance at high temperature, which resistance may still be increased by small additions or" elements such as Cr, Mo, W, Ta, Nb, Sn, V.
The weldings effected with transition pieces according to the present invention radically avoid the danger of deterioration when in service. That is of considerable advantage from the point of view of safety, namely in the case of weldings employed in nuclear reactors.
Another method consists in employing as an alloy in contact with Zr, a ferronickel having 42% Ni the expansion coefficient of which is 7.6 10 that is a coeiticient near to that of the Zr (6.4 10
The percentage of Ni in certain cases may reach 90% or more.
What I claim is:
A zirconium member connected to an 18-8 chrome nickel steel member by means of a transition piece which is an alloy which varies continuously and progressively so that the iron varies from 53% at the first end to 74% at a point substantially two-thirds the length of the piece, the nickel varies from 30% at the first end to 8% at said point, the chromium varies from 0% at said first end to 18% at said point and the cobalt varies from 17% at said first end to 0% at said point and the remaining one-third of said piece consisting of an alloy consisting of 74% iron, 8% nickel and 18% chromium which extends from said point to the second end of said piece, said first end being fused to the zirconium member and the second end being fused to said steel member.
References (Jilted in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,431,660 Gaudenzi Nov. 25, 1947 2,763,923 Webb Sept. 25, 1956 2,769,227 Sykes et al Nov. 6, 1956 2,770,030 Carpenter et a1 Nov. 13, 1956
Publications (1)
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US3123447A true US3123447A (en) | 1964-03-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US3123447D Expired - Lifetime US3123447A (en) | Zirconium to stainless steel connection |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3305923A (en) * | 1964-06-09 | 1967-02-28 | Ind Fernand Courtoy Bureau Et | Methods for bonding dissimilar materials |
US3479730A (en) * | 1964-03-25 | 1969-11-25 | Linde Ag | Method of and assembly for the joining of elements of different materials |
US3596793A (en) * | 1968-12-17 | 1971-08-03 | Reiner Kocher | Steel container |
US4333670A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-06-08 | General Atomic Company | Stepped transition joint |
US4333671A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-06-08 | General Atomic Company | Friction welded transition joint |
US20100170937A1 (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2010-07-08 | General Electric Company | System and Method of Joining Metallic Parts Using Cold Spray Technique |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2431660A (en) * | 1944-12-01 | 1947-11-25 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Turbine blade |
US2763923A (en) * | 1951-06-27 | 1956-09-25 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Method of and transition member for weld uniting dissimilar metals |
US2769227A (en) * | 1951-03-06 | 1956-11-06 | Thos Firth & John Brown Ltd | Welded joint between ferritic and austenitic steel members |
US2770030A (en) * | 1950-06-15 | 1956-11-13 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Welded joint between dissimilar metals |
-
0
- US US3123447D patent/US3123447A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2431660A (en) * | 1944-12-01 | 1947-11-25 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Turbine blade |
US2770030A (en) * | 1950-06-15 | 1956-11-13 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Welded joint between dissimilar metals |
US2769227A (en) * | 1951-03-06 | 1956-11-06 | Thos Firth & John Brown Ltd | Welded joint between ferritic and austenitic steel members |
US2763923A (en) * | 1951-06-27 | 1956-09-25 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Method of and transition member for weld uniting dissimilar metals |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3479730A (en) * | 1964-03-25 | 1969-11-25 | Linde Ag | Method of and assembly for the joining of elements of different materials |
US3305923A (en) * | 1964-06-09 | 1967-02-28 | Ind Fernand Courtoy Bureau Et | Methods for bonding dissimilar materials |
US3596793A (en) * | 1968-12-17 | 1971-08-03 | Reiner Kocher | Steel container |
US4333670A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-06-08 | General Atomic Company | Stepped transition joint |
US4333671A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-06-08 | General Atomic Company | Friction welded transition joint |
US20100170937A1 (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2010-07-08 | General Electric Company | System and Method of Joining Metallic Parts Using Cold Spray Technique |
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