US311483A - granger - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

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Patented Feb.. 3,1885.

A. o. GRANGBR su J. H. GQLLINS. J1. APPARATUS FOR MANUFAGTURING GAS. No. 311.483.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. A. 0. GRANGBR & J. H. COLLINS, Jr.

APPARATUS'FOR MANUFAGTURING GAS.

Patented Feb. 3, 1885.

ARTHUR O. GRANGER AND JOSEPH H.

Partnr tries.

COLLINS, JR., OF PHILADELPHIA, PA.

APPARATUS Fon MaNur-Acnnlne eas.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. S11/83, dated February 3, 1885.

A pplication filed June 13, 18S3. (No model.)

T0 all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that we, ARTHUR O. GRANGER and Josnrrr H. CoLLnvs, J r., both ofthe city of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improvement `in Apparatus for Manufacturing Gas, of which the following is a speciication.

Our invention has reference to gas appara` tus; and it consists in providing the generator grate-bars with small retaining-bars or a plate, which may be forced inward, but not outward, to prevent the coal working out over the end of the grate into the ash-pit, and also to enable clinkers to be broken to a size easily removable; further, in forming the superheater in a water-gas apparatus of this description with two or more vertical walls, the compartment in direct connection with the generator' being preferably the largest, and into which the oil or duid hydrocarbon is sprayed or injected, the chambers formed by said walls being connected alternately at top and bottom, whereby the oil is more rapidly vaporized by the gases from the generator and without danger of carbonization or the production oflampblack, and the super-heater is easily kept clean and in good working condition; further, in a peculiar construction of the washer or seal by which it is supported on a level with the top of the superheater and upon the condenser or scrubber, it being made integral therewith, and in details of construction, all of which are fully set forth in the following specification, and shown in the accompanying drawings, which form part thereof.

Heretofore it has been customary to build the generators and superheaters of substantially the same height, or where the height was increased the diameter was decreased. The coal bed in the generator has been usually from six to eight feet 1n height, as it was not deemed possible to produce a gas rich in carbonio oxide and a large yield without making the coal bed very deep. XVe have found, however, that in practice a shallow bed of coal, say two to three feet deep or thick, and diameter of, say, iive to eight feet, using the same quantity of coal or more than has heretofore been used, not only produced a more effective Watergas, but a much larger yield in a given time and from a given amount of coal, for it is far more easily heated up by the blast, and

the gas-runs can be more numerous, and the height to lift the ashes from the generator-pit is greatly reduced. A coal bed as heretofore constructed that would give one run per hour of five thousand cubic feet per run will, with this arrangement of the coalbed, give at least three gas-runs per hour with a generation of ten thousand cubic feet per hour, thus showing the great advantage of a coal bed having a large area and small depth, and being prop ortionallysmall in comparison with the superheater. These latter relative dimensions are necessary, as the superheater will have a much larger duty to perform, and will absorb nearly all of the heat generated by the burning of the carbonio oxide to acid therein. By this arrangement the oil is entirely vaporized by the heat of the water-gas, and so not allowed to reach the bottom ofthe chamber and be wastedV by reason of not being taken up by the watergas. Thus great economy is attained in the use of oil in this way.

Usually, as hereinbefore specified, the practice has been to carry in generators about a seven or eight feet deep bed of coal, with the result that before the top of the coal can be sufficiently hot to vaporize the oil, (which is necessary in the Lowe and many other methods,) the bottom layers of coal are burnt up and wasted. le carry less than a three-foot bed of coal, and blow up the heat in five to ten minutes, and the whole bed of coal is in condition to decompose steam. NVe get more gas from a given quantity of coal and in less time and with less carbonic acid, by reason of being able to blow up the coal beds quicker, and so maintain them at higher temperatures, it being a well-known fact that deleterious products are formed at low heats, and our method of spraying in the oil under high pressure enables us to run at heats so high that under the old method would form lampblack at once. rAs we depend mainly upon the heat of the water-gas to vaporize the oil, we can make gas with the coal on top at any temperature from a white-heat down to substantially cold coal, and so less skillandj udgment are required in operating the works, and at the same time the maximum amount of gas from. the minimum quantity of materials and labor is attained.

ICO

We are aware that it is not new for gasproducers to be connected with regenerators by masonry walls common to both, and in which the gas is conveyed to said regenerators from said producers by a circuitous passage; but we do deem it novel in the construction of gas apparatus such as set forth in our patent herein referred t0, and such as shown in this application, to connect the two sheetmetal cylinders or cases constituting` the generator and superheater together by rivets or bolts, after so forming the adjacent edges (the bottom of the superheater and top of generator) that they merge into each other in such a manner that the main part of the top of the generator is exposed, no cast-iron flue or neck is required to connect them, and a short direct passage for the gas is made between said generator and superheater, the fire-brick lining partly resting upon and being supported by the lining of said generator.

In the drawings, Figure l is a sectional elevation of our improved gas apparatus. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of same on line x x, and Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the generator with the doors open.

A is the generator, and consists of a sheetiron shell lined with fire-brick in the usual manner, the interior chamber being slightly conical. g

I is the charging-door.

B is the ash-pit.

C are the grate-bars.

E are the auxiliary bars, and are pivoted or hinged to or may be cast solid with the frame of the generator or door-plate. mer case they can be pushed up to admit a poker or other fire-tool, but' resist the outward passage of coal or clinkers, which have heretofore been allowed to pass over the ends of the grate-bars C into the ash-pit.

In place of making the bars E separate, or even toothed, a solid plate may be used therefor, and its lower end may rest upon the gratebars C.

D is the cleaning-door.

G is the blast-pipe, and H the steam-pipe.

J is the superheater, and consists of a sheetiron shell lined with fire-brick, forming vertical compartments K K K2, the two former of which are connected at the top and the two vlatter at the bottom. This superheater is built upon a corner of the generator,as shown, the joint being made vat L. This enables us to dispense with the independent pipe or connecting-flue between the generator and superheater heretofore used, and requires but a short passage, 7c, to connect the top of the generator with the bottom of compartment or chamber K of the superheater, thus prevent- :ing loss of heat by radiation. The lining of the superheater is in line with that of the generator, so that it is supported directly by the generator on one side. This connection of superheater and generatoris cheap to make, durable in ferm, and embodies decided ad- Vantages in working the apparatus. By sup- In the forl porting one edge of the superheater directly upon the generator and riveting the sheet-iron casings together, as shown, it is evident that the generator or superheater cannot settle unevenly, as was formerly the case when a short pipe or iiue was used, and in that case, when uneven settling took place, the connectingflue was strained, and therebycracked or caused to leak at the joints, causing loss of gas. Again, this method of supporting the superheater enables the bottom to be left free. if desired, for the attachment of blast-pipes or cleaning-doors. v

G is a blast-pipe which enters the bottom of chamber K.

G2 is a blast-pipe, and enters the bottom of chambers K K'l and forces the air in an opposite direction to the passage of the gas to partially arrest its passage, for the purpose of causing it to give up as much heat as possible before passing into the atmosphere. The compartment or chamber K is preferably larger than the others, as it is to receive the sprayed oil from a nozzle, M, through which oil is forced by pump M and pipe m under high pressure; but, if desired, it may be admitted into said chamber in any other manner.

jj are cleaning-doors.

R is the smoke-outlet or chimneyfiue, and It is the valve thereof.

Q is the condenser, and is made integral with the seal O, the latter being formed in the top of the former by a division-plate or diaphragm, p, above which water is held, the gas passing from washer O to the condenser by pipe P.

N is a gas-pipe connecting the top of chamber KZ with the vertical seal-pipe N on the bottom of which the water-seal n works, being moved vertically by arod, S,worked by a cranky, on the shaft S,Which works the smokevalve R', whereby the closing of the smokevalve will open the water-seal, and viceversa.

t is a water-pipe which discharges water into the top of pipe N', through which it falls into cup or seal u. If desired, Q may be the scrubber, as the principle would be the same.

By forming the washer or gas seal upon the top of the condenser or scrubber much iioorspace is saved, and works of this class could be put into buildings already erected where there would not be sufficient room if the said washer or seal were on the iioor.

The operation-is as follows: The apparatus being in the condition shown, steam having been shut oft' from H and oil from M, the air blown in at G heats up the coal bedF rapidly, it being sl1allow. and the products of combustion are burned in the superheater by air from blast-pipes G andG, the resulting products passing oft' by smoke-flue R. Now the air is shut off from pipes G, G', and G2, and valve R closed, and seal n opened. Steam is admitted by pipe H, and oil by nozzle M. The steam is decomposed into hydrogen, carbonio oxide, and a small amout of carbonio acid, and passes into the chamber K of the lOO IIO

superheater,where it meets with the descending shower of inely-subdivided hydrocarbon oil or pulverized carbon,which it immediately vaporizes, and the resulting mixture is then passed through ues or chambers K K2, where it is fixed by the radiant heat ofthe walls, then through pipes N N,washer or seal box O, pipe I), condenser Q, and pipe T to holder. By forming the chamber K high and open the sprayed oil is vaporized to a great extent by the heat of the water-gas, and so not allowed to reach the bottom of the chamber, and be wasted by reason or" not being taken up by the water-gas. p By using a shallow bed of coal the gases evolved in heatingup are not of such a character as to deposit soot on the walls of the superheater, hence the su perheater seldom requires cleaning.

While we prefer the details ot' construction shown, it is evident that they may be modified without departing from our invention.

In this application we make no claim to the relative size of generator and su perheater, nor to the shallow bed of coal in the generator,as that forms subject-matter of another pending application of Arthur O. Granger.

I-Iavingnow described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. A generator in which to generate watergas, in combination with a high tlue or chamber unobstructed from top to bottoni,the top of said generator opening into the bottom of said chamber, and means to spray oil under high pressure into the top of said chamber and al low it to fall in the form of tinely-divided spray, causing it to pass in an opposite direction to the passage ofthe water-gas,where by it is all vaporized and carried oft' by said water-gas, substantially as and for the purpose specitied.

2. A generator in which to generate watergas, in combination with a high vertical ilue or chamber, means projecting through the roof of said chamber or flue to spray oil under high pressure into the top of the same and allow it to fall, causing it to pass in an opposite direction to the passage ofthe watergas, whereby it is all vaporized and carried oft by 4said water-gas. and a fixing-chamber in which said gases are lixed, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. The combination of a generator, A, having blast-pipe G and steam-pipe H, with a superheater, J, provided with vertical walls forming chambers K K K2, blast-pipes to admit air to said chambers, and a nozzle or pipe to admit fluid hydrocarbon to carburet the water-gas, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. The combination of generator A, having blast-pipe G and steam-pipe H, with a superheater, J provided with vertical walls forming chamber K K K2, blast-pipes to admit air to said chambers, a nozzle or pipe to admit fluid hydrocarbon to carburet the water-gas, smokeilue R, valve R', water-seal n, and seal-box O, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. The generator A, provided with gratebars C, in combination with auxiliary hinged bars or plate E, which may be forced inward by the stoking-bar, but not outward, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

6. A gas generator and superheater having sheet-iron casings, and supported at different levels, the bottom of the superheater being la little lower than the top of the generator, and being so combined that the two easings merge into each other and are secured together by rivets or bolts, the adjacent parts of the linings in said generator and superheater being in the same vertical line, so that the superheater casing and lining are partly supported by the generator, substantially as shown.

7. The combination of a generator and a superheater with pipes N N,waterseal n, box or tank O, pipe P, and condenser or scrubber Q. the said box O being made integral with the condenser or scrubber, substantially as and for the purpose speciiied.

8. The combination ot' a generator and superheater with a condenser and seal-box, the said seal-box being supported upon and made integral with said condenser, whereby it is supported close to the top of the superheater, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony of which invention we hereunto set our hands.

A. O. GRANGER. JOS. H. COLLINS, JR.

Witnesses:

L. SIMPsoN, A. L. DUNTON.

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