US311073A - hochhausen - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

W. HOGHHAUSEN.

3 Sheets'-Sheet 1.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP. No. 311,073.

Patented Jan. 20, 1885.

HIIH N T441 04 es s e s.

N. pnzn s. Fholo-Lflhogmpher. Washington, 0. c.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. HOCHHAUSEN. ELECTRIC. ARC LAMP.

No.311,073. 4 PatentedJan.20,1885.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

W. HOOHHAUSEN.

ELECTRIC ARC L AMP.

No. 311,073. Patented Jan. 20, 1885.

Jay 7 VV Y N, PETERS. Pnemumu n m, Washinglcn. D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT @EETQE.

VILLIAM HOCHHAUSEN, OF NEXV YQBK, 1?. Y.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 311,078, dated January 20, 1835.

Application filed December 13, 1883. (X0 model.)

To all 1071 0171, it uuty concern Be it known that 1, War. HocnrmUsEN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Arc Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the general construction and arrangement of the devices for producing a separation and feed of the carbons in electric-are lamps, and is designed more especially to provide a focusing are lamp suitable for locomotive headlights.

My invention consists in certain improvements in the mechanical devices supporting and actuating the carboncarriers, and in the arrangement of magnets, motors, circuits, &c., whereby the proper movements of the carboncarrier are secured.

The nature of my invention will be clearly understood from the subjoined description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and the novel features of the invention willbe specifically stated in the claims annexed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of a lamp embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a side view of the lamp. Fig. 3 is a plan of the lamp mechanism, the shafts, carbon-carriers, and other parts above theline 0c 00, Fig. 1, being removed. Fig. 4c is a plan of the upper-carbon holder and the guide-plate by which it is supported. Fig. 4. is a crosssection 011 the line y y of Fig. 4. plan of the lower-carbon holder and its supporting parts. Fig. 6 is a plan of a nut that engages with a revolving screw and serves to move the carbon-holder up and down. Fig. 7 is a diagram of circuits, showing the manner in which the parts are electrically connected.

H indicates the positive and H the negative carbon of the lamp, held, respectively, in clamps or holders G G that are constructed as shown in plan in Figs. 4 and 5, where p 1) indicate the sockets or openings for the carbons. The sockets G G2 are upon the ends of arms projecting from plates or supports E E-, which are made to travel up and down upon guide standards or pillars F F and M M by means of screws B B and nuts attached to said supports and engaging with the screws. When the screws turn in one direction, the carbons are caused to approach, and when they Fig. 5 is aare turned in the opposite direction the earbons are caused to recede from, one another.

B indicate shafts or spindles, upon which or extensions of which the screws B B" are formed. Shaft B forms an extension of the armature for an electric motor or the shaft of any other prime mover, by which said shaft may be made to turn in either direction. At tached to said shaft is a wheel or pinion, O, gearing with a second wheel or pinion, C of half the circumference, upon shaft-B so that the nut upon screw B, which nut imparts movement to the positive carbon, maybe made to move twice or approximately twice as fast as the nut upon screw B which imparts move ment to the negative carbon. The wheels or pinions are insulated from the shafts by sleeves or bushings of insulating material.

The construction and method of operating the electric motor will be described further.

The mounting and arrangement of the parts so far described are in detail as follows:

The pillars F F are of brass or other suitable material, preferably a conducting material, and are mounted directly in a conductingplate, 1?, which is in turn secured upon standards or frames S, supported on a base-plate, A Plate P is preferably insulated from standards S, although this is not essential, and the pillars F F screw into said plate, or are otherwise secured to the same. The plate P and therefore the pillars F F-', are put in elec trical connection with the positive side of the main line by means ofa binding-post, h, mounted on said plate, or by any other means. Shaft B is journaled at one end at b in aeross-piece uniting the pillars F F, and at the other end in a cup, I), upon plate P The pillars M M which are put in connection wit-l1 the negative side of the lamp by any suitable means, are mounted 011 a plate, P insulated from the plate I, as indicated. Secured to the top of the latter pillars, but insulated therefrom, is a plate, F", provided with openings, in which pillars F F fit snugly, so that all the pillars are united and braced by one another. The upper end of the shaft B, which imparts movement to the negative carbon holder,has a bearing at its upper end in a plate, If, secured to the under side of plate F and insulated therefrom, so as to be out of electrical connec tion with the pillars F F The lower end of the shaft B is seated at b-on the base-plate A. The plate F, besides staying the pillars and forming a support for the upper end of shaft 13. also forms a guide for the elongated pins E E, projecting, respectively, from the plates E E", and extending through openings in F, said openings being provided with insulatingbushings, or the pins themselves being of in sulating material, so as to prevent the plate F from electrically connecting the plates or supports E E The pins E E serve to steady the plates E E as they slide on the pillars, and thus prevent them from binding.

At D D are indicated nuts connected with or mounted upon the plates or supports E E and arranged to engage, respectively, with the screws 13 13*, in such way that when shaft B turns in one direction the supports E E will approach, and when the shaft B turns in the other direction they will recede. I

The nuts are made, as shown in Fig. 6, so that they may be disengaged from the screws at pleasure to permit the plates E E to be quickly returned to their extreme positions when new carbons are placed in their sockets. Each nut is made in two parts, D D, united on a pin, f, attached to the plate E or E One part, D, carries a pivoted or swingingpiece, D provided with a clamping-screw adapted to bear against the end of D when the two parts are brought together.

To-disengage the nut from the screw-shaft, the bindingscrew is loosened and the piece D swung outward, whereupon the two parts D D may be opened by turning on their pin f. The spring D serves to hold the piece D in position with the part D", locked by the bindingscrews, as shown in Fig. 4.

The arms which carry the holders G G are made adjustable, so as to permit the carbons to be brought into line or to be set out of line, as may be desired. For this purpose the plate to which the arm is united, is provided with slots, through which pass the clamping-screws g". The plates 9' slide on the plates E or 13 ,01- extensions from the latter,and the clampingscrews screw into the latter plates and hold the parts together, as indicated in Fig. at.

A indicates the armature for an electric motor of any desired kind. This armature is mounted in any ordinary or suitable manner upon the shaft 13, so as to turn the same when the armature rotates. wound after the manner of the armature of a Gramme dynaino-electric machine or motor.

A indicates one of the commutator-brushes of the motor, and A, Fig. 7, the other commutator-brush. These brushes are both indicated in Fig. 7 as bearing on the commutator-cylinder enlarged.

A A indicate the curved pole-pieces between which the armature rotates. These pole-pieces form extensions of the cores of electro-magnets A Aflwhich magnets are preferably united by a cross-piece, A of any suitable material, to brace the parts. The cross-piece may be of magnetic material, in which case the pole-pieces form the poles of a horseshoe-magnet having acoil upon each of The armature may be its legs. The magnets are supported by sccuring' the pole-pieces to the crossbar of a frame, the standards of which are indicated at K".

The direction of rotation of the motor is governed by causing the current to flow in one direction or the other through the armature, according as the carbons are to be brought together or to be separated. This may be accomplished by the means to be presently described, orby any other suitable devices.

Upon the armatureshal't is a brake-wheel consisting of a disk, a, having projecting pins, with which a pin upon the end of an arm, a, is made to engage whenever the current ceases to flow through the motor-armature. The arm a extends from the rock-shaft of an an mature acted upon by an electro-magnet, a, mounted on the pole piece A The rock shaft for the armature is mounted on brackets secured, as indicated, to a non-magnetic plate uniting the pole-pieces A A, and to the under side of the frame to which the polepieces are secured. So long as the magnet to is energized it attracts the armature and holds the brake pin out of engagement with the brake disk or wheel against the action of the spring a, Fig. 3. When the attraction of the magnet diminishes or ceases, the spring a immediately brings the parts of the brake into engagement and stops the rotation of the armatureshaft, thus preventing movement of the latter after the current ceases to fiow in the motor-armature.

The desired operation of the motor and of the brake is controlled by an electro-magnet, O, in a derived circuit of high resistance around the are, acting upon an armature, M, pivoted in brackets extending from a plate, L, of insulating material,that rests upon the baseplate A Armature ll is provided with a downwardly-extending circuitclosing arm, M, which works against a double-contact lever, N, which is also mountcdin brackets extending from plate L and has two insulated contact-points, m a, one of which is placed in electrical connection with commutator-brush A, while the other is connected by wire 9 with the other commutator-brush, A". A retractor acting upon N against the pull of magnet 0 isindicated at 2'. This retractor may be adjusted by means of a turning-pin, h. The branch wire 6 includes the coils of the motormagnet A; the branch wire 9 includes the coils of motorma-gnet A The branches 6 9 unite at t in a wire, 5, which forms one pole of a circuit, in which the circuit-closing arm M is the other pole. As will be seen, the armature of the motor is in a bridge-wire uniting the two branches 6 9, so that a proper excess of current or potential in one branch over that in the other will cause current to flow in a determinate direction through the armature, and in an amount dependent upon the resistance of coils A or A which, as arranged, act as diverting-coils. If, for instance, the our- IOO rent in the portion of branch 6 connected to m be greater than in Qanda, orifcurrcnt flow in 6 while no current is flowingin 9, the cur rent will divide at f, and one portion will pass from f through the motor-armature to f, and thence through A to if. The other portion will pass from f through A to t, and the motor will turn in a certain direction, which in the present arrangement is a direc tion to cause the carbons to approach. It the potential on 9 be the greater, the current will divide at f and oneportion will pass through the motor-armature in a reverse direction to f and through coils of A to a point, t. The other portion will pass through A to the point t, and the motor will turn in the opposite direction, so as to cause the carbon points to re cede. If the current in both branches 6 9 be the same, no current will pass in the bridge fromf to f, orin the opposite direction, and the motor-armature will come to rest. The

magnet a controlling the brake, is also in this bridge-wire, so that the brake will be applied while this condition obtains. \Vhile thearm M is bearing with equal pressure against both points mm the flow of currentin bothbranches is the same, and there will be no movement of the electric motor. If, however, the attraction of magnet 0 increases, the pressure on m will diminish, and if the attraction of 0 be strong enough the contact with or will be broken. The contact with n will, however, be preserved, with the result of causing more current to how in 9 than in 6. If the attraction of O diminish so far as to permit the retraetor of N to act and break or lessen the contact at a, while preserving the contact at hi, there will be a greater potential in 6 than in 9 at the points f" f, where the bridgewire is connected, and current will therefore flow through said bridgewire from the branch having high potential to the branch having lower potential, and in a direction to cause the motor to revolve in a certain direction. The differences of potential thus produced may be, as is obvious, due simply to diiferences of pressure, and consequent resistance at the points in n, or they may be due to the absolute breaking of con tact at one point while contact is preserved at the other. The retractor t is so adjusted that with an arc of normal length there is a balance between its pull and the pull of magnet 0, so that the circuit-closing arm M will bear against both contacts at 72, and there will be no tendency for the current to flow in either direction through the bridge-wire containing the motor-armature.

In connection with the armature Bi and the circuit-closing devices, I employ an anxiliary device that serves, when the lamp is out of action, to hold the lever N in such position that contact will be made with point a and broken with 112, so that if the carbons are out of contact at starting the motor will immediately begin to rotate in a direction to bring the carbons together. This device consists of lever L, pivoted at f, and having a stud, g, thatis made to bear on the armature M, and thus hold the armature in the position shown in Fig. 7, by means of the retract-- or d, for an armature lever, 11, which latter is pivoted on a post, 1 and is connected with lever L by a link, 0. (See Figs. 1 and 2.)

I indicates an clectro-magnet of low resistance, that acts upon the armature when the circuit is established through the carbons,

and pulls the lever L away from the arinature M. The positive binding-post It forms a back contact-stop for the armaturedever K.

The various parts hereinbefore described are connected by the usual devices of binding posts or clamps and connectirig-wires, after the manner shown in the diagram Fig. 7. Entering at binding post ii, there are two paths provided for the main circuit, one through carbons ll H when they are in contact or the are is formed through the coils of magnet l, to a point, 25, the other from 71, through armature K when the electro magnet i is not energized, artificial resistance R to point 25. Resistance R is made sufficient to insure the energization of magnet I when the carbons come together. From connection is made to circuit-closing arm 3 from which point there are two paths for the current, one or both of which are closed, according to the position of the arm 3, as before explained. The one path is through a 9 tof, where the current divides through A on the one side and a, A", A, A", and A" 011 the other, reuniting at i, from which point a connection is made to the main line on the negative side of the lamp. The other path is through or (5 to f 9, where the current splits, passing on the one side through A" and on the other through A" A A (6 f A and to t, as before. The elcctro magnet O is in a derived circuit of high resistance around the are, as usual, which circuit is indicated by the line marked 7.

The general operationis as follows: Letitbe supposed that there is no current on the main line and that the carbons H H are out of contact. Lever L is then forced against M by retractor d and armature K, and the latter is against its stop 71.. The circuit through the lamp is then as follows: From 72. through K 1 R 5 M a flf thence either through a" A A A 3 25 and out, or through A direct to t and out. \Vhen the current is turned on, none passes through the carbons and magnet I, because the carbons are out of contact, and therefore lever L maintains its position so as to hold the arm M in contact with point a only. The current then passes in the coursejust de tailed, and in a direction through the bridge wire and armature, to cause the shaft A to lo tate, so as to raise the lower plate, 13, and lower carbon, the magnet a" acting at the instant the current flows to withdraw the brake or stop from engagement with the brake-wheel a. The movement of shaft A imparts through wheels 0 G a reverse movement to shaft B and the upper plate and carbon are simulta- IlO neously lowered. The movement of the 1110- tor in this direction continues until the carbons come into contact, whereupon the magnet I is energized and draws down the armature K against the force of its retractor d, and holds it in this position so long as current flows through the carbons. The connection through the resistance R is thus broken, and the lever L is also operated so as to relieve the armature M from the pressure of said 1e- Ver, and as there is now but little current flowing inthe magnet O, owing to the comparatively-small resistance of the circuit through the carbons, &c., the retractor t acts on N and swings the same, so that it rocks on contactarm M and for an instant forms the connection between M and both points in it, followed instantly by a breaking of the contact with n, the contact with on being preserved. The effect of making contact with both points ma is, as before explained, to cause a cessation of current in the bridge-wire, and therefore a stoppage of the motor and application of the brake. XVhen the contact with a is broken, the current flows in the other direction through the bridge-wire, and simultaneously with the withdrawal of the brake-lever a the motor begins to revolve in the other direction, so as to cause a reverse movement of the two shafts B B and a consequent movement of the two plates or supports E E in a direction to separate the carbons and form the are. This movement of the motor continues until the separation reaches the normal 01' adjusted amount, at which timesuflicient current is forced into the derived circuit to energize the magnet 0, so that it may move the arm M against the influence of the retractor i, and cause contact to be made with both points at n. The motor is thus brought to rest, as before explained. The magnet 0 holds the arm M in this position so long as the arc is of the adjusted length; but when by consumption of the carbons the arc lengthens the magnet O acquires more power and gradually pulls the arm M over until contact is broken or lessened with at, so that the motor will rotate in a direction to feed the carbons toward one another. The movement in this direction continues until the arc is reduced to its normal length, when the balance bet-ween the pull of magnet 0 and the retractor i is established, and the arm makes connection with both contacts, so that the motor comes to rest and remains at rest until the balance is again disturbed.

Modifications will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.

I do not limit myself to the running of the motor by the lighting-current, as itis obvious that the motor might be operated by a current from any source, the connections being controlled,as herein described, by the circuitclosing devices operating in accordance with the condition of the circuit between the carbons.

Other forms of motor might also be employed for imparting the desired movement to the shafts B B 4 I am aware that it is not new to adjust the position of a carbon in an electric lamp by means of an electric motor and a screw-shaft, and to automaticallydetermine the direction of movement of the carbon by determining the direction of flow of current in the motor. I do not therefore wish to be understood as claiming such a combination, broadly.

That I claim as my invention is 1. The combination, substantially as described, of the two screw-shafts, each carrying a nut for supporting or actuatinga carbon, an electric-motor armature carried by one of said shafts, and two wheels gearing with one another, the wheel on one shaft having twice the circumference of that upon the other.

2. The combination of the shafts B B, the two pairs of standards, each having a crosspiece for the support ofa shaft, and the guideplates E E-, each carryinga nut and a carbonholder.

3. The combination of the two pairs of standards, the cross-pieces F b, the shafts l3 l3, pinions C C, and the electric motor having an armature mounted on one of the shafts B B'.

4. The combination of the pillars F F M M, the insulated uniting plate E the sliding plates E Eflfor carrying the carbons, and the guide-pins EE, as and for the purpose described.

5. The combination of the two pairs of pillars, the u niting-plate F, the two screw-shafts, one of which is stepped in a cross-piece for one pair of pillars, the other in the plate F, the supporting-plates for the carbon-carriers, carrying nuts that engage with the screwshafts, and the guide pins E" E, passing through the plate F", as and for the purpose described.

6. The combination, substantially as described, of the two shafts B B, connected, respectivel y, with the positive and negative carbons, and the wheels or pinions upon said shafts gearing with one another, and one or both separated from the shafts by sleeves of insulating material.

7. The combination, with the screwshaft, of a support for the carbon, and the nut con structed in two portions swinging on a pin, and having upon one portion a pivoted clamping or connecting piece, D, as and for the purpose described.

8. In an electric lamp, the combination of two guiding pillars or standards forming a portion of the circuit, a sliding plate or crosspiece sliding on said standards, and a horizontally-adjustable carbon-holder supported on said plate, as and for the purpose described.

9. The combination of the two sliding plates or supports E E, the two carbon-holders supported thereby, and the horizontally-adjustable arms carrying the holders and sliding in and out upon the plates.

10. The combination of the plate E or E,

the two pillars F F or ill M', the horizontally projecting adjustable arm carrying the hold er, the screw-shaft passing through the plate, and the nut supported by the plate and made in two parts pivoted on a pin projecting from said plate.

11. The combination, in an electric lamp, of the screw-shaft B, carrying a nut for moving the carbon up or down, an electric motor whose armature is supported on said sh aft, and a magnet in a higlrresistance branch around the carbons, for reversing the direction of the current in said armature, according to the con dition of the circuit between the carbons.

12. The combination of the scrcwshaft, the nut upon said shaft for imparting movement to the holder, the electric-motor armature in a bridge between two branch wires, and a double contact circuit-closer i'or admitting current to one or both branches, in accordance with the condition of the carbon circuit.

13. The combination, with the carbon-carrier in an electric-arc lamp, of an electric motor for imparting movement thereto, having its armature placed in a bridge-wire between two branches, a doublecont-act circuitcloser, whereby the circuit of either or both branches may be closed, and an electromagnet in a derived circuit around the carbons for controlling said circuit-closer, as and for the purpose described.

14. The combination, with mechanism in an electric lamp for imparting the desired feed ing and separating movement to the carboncarrier, of an electric motor actuating said mechanism, a bibranched circuit, a brakecontrolling electro -magnet in a bridgewire between said branches, and a double-contact circuit-closer for closing the circuit of one branch,or of both together, as and for thepurpose described.

15. The combination, with the feeding and separating mechanism for an electric lamp, of an actuating electric motor, a bibranched circuit, each branch of which contains the coils of one of the field-magnets for the motor, a bridge-wire containing the armature for the motor, and means for varying the potential of the current in the two branches, as and for the purpose described.

16. The combination, with feeding and separating mechanism for a carbon of an electric lamp, of an actuating electric motor, a bi branched circuit, each branch of which coir tains one of the motor field-magnet coils, a bridge-wire containing the armature of the motor, a brake e-lectro-magnet in said bridgewire, which permits a brake to be applied to the motor when the current in the bridgewire ceases or weakens, and means for admitting current to both branches while the are is of normal length, and of causing a decrease in one branch or the other, according as the resistance between the carbons is above or below normal, as and for the purpose set forth.

1?. The combination of the carbon separating and feeding mechanism, an electric motor for actuating said mechanism, circuit-com trolling devices whereby the feeding and separating movement of the motor is controlled, mechanism tending,when no current is passing through the carbons, to hold the circuit-controlling devices in position to cause the motor to feed the carbons, and an electro-magnct in the carbon circuit for disengaging and holding said mechanism out of action, for the purpose described.

18. The combination, in an electric lamp, of an electric motor for feeding or separating the carbons, a circuitcontroller for determining the movements of the motor, a derived-circuit electrohiagnet acting on the circuit-controller, devices for holding the circuit controller in position to cause a feed of the carbon or carbons when no current is ilowing through the carbons, and an electro-magnet energized when the carbons come together for withdrawing and holding said devices away from the circuit-controller, whereby the retractor of the latter may be permitted to act and throw the circuit-controller into position to cause aseparation ot' the carbons.

1?). The combination, with the electric mo tor by which the carbons are caused to approach or recede from one another, of the circuitcontrolling lever, the derived circuit magnet 0, a lever, L, adapted to bear on the circuitcontrollinglever, an armature, K, connected with said lever L, and a magnet, I, in circuit with the carbons, as and for the purpose described.

20. The combination of the magnet I in circuit with the carbons, the armature K, nor mally closing a circuit independent of the carbons and magnet I, an electric motor for governing the position of the carbons, a circnitcontroller and derived-circuit magnet,and intermediatedevices between the circuit controller and the armature K, whereby the re t 'actor for the latter may hold he circuitcontrolier in position to cause the motor to force the carbons together when no current is passing between them.

21. The combination, with the actuating mechanism for an electrioarc lamp, of an electric motor, a bibranched circuit, each branch containing a resistance, a bridge-wire connecting said branches and containing the motor, and means for admitting current to one branch or the other, according to the distance between the electrodes of the lamp, whereby the motor may be caused to move in proper direction to lengthen or shorten the are.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 26th day of September, A. D. 1883.

\VILLIAM HOOHHAUSEN.

Vfitnesscs:

Tiros. Toonny, M. Iii. Fnrnun.

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