US3106875A

US3106875A - Crust breaker

Info

Publication number: US3106875A
Application number: US91098A
Authority: US
Inventors: Worman Martin; John W Adams
Original assignee: Ingersoll Rand Co
Current assignee: Ingersoll Rand Co
Priority date: 1961-02-23
Filing date: 1961-02-23
Publication date: 1963-10-15
Anticipated expiration: 1980-10-15

Description

Oct. 15, 1963 M. WORMAN ETAL 3,106,875

CRUST BREAKER .Filed Feb. 23, 1961 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS MART/N WORMAN JOHN W ADAMS THEIR ATTORNEY Oct. 15, 1963 M. WOMAN ETAL CRUST BREAKER 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 25, 1961 INVENTOI'QS MART/N WORM/IN JOHN W ADAMS BY g THEIR AT ORNEY Oct. 15, 1963 M- WORMAN ETAL CRUST BREAKER 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Feb. 25, 1961 INVENTORS MART/N WORM/1N JOHN W ADAMS BY KW THEIR ATTORNEY M. WORMAN ETAL Oct. 15, 1963 CRUST BREAKER 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb. 25, 1961 INVENTORS BY KW THEIR ATTORNEY MART/N WORM/1N JOHN W ADAMS United States Patent 3,106,875 CRUST BREAKER Martin Worrnan and John W. Adams, Phiilipsburg, NJ, assignors to Kngerscll-Rand Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey Filed Feb. 23, 1961, Ser. No. 91,0% '7 Claims. (til. 9211) This invention relates to mountings for pneumatic drills.

The invention herein described has to do with a mounting, namely for a drill to be readily movable about where the operation is intermittent and at short intervals. A particular use for which this mounting is especially adapted is that of drilling or breaking a crust which forms in the process of producing metallic aluminum. Such a process is electrolytic and comprises the melting of aluminum oxide in a large pot within which is centrally located an electrode and charged with the oxide, broken down electrolytically and heated. In the course of the process the metallic aluminum is drawn off from the pot and the impurities rise forming a crust at the top which has to be bnoken up to permit the introduction of additional material to be refined. Breaking up of the crust is performed by a suitable punching apparatus which in this case is a pneumatic drill so mounted that it can be guided from place to place easily and advanced and retracted at will.

An object of this invention is to provide a mounting which will be suitable for uses of this sort. Inasmuch as the wear and tear on such a drill is considerable a further object is to provide a mounting easily taken apart for repair.

The manner in which these objects are accomplished and further objects and advantages of the invention will be in part pointed out and in part obvious from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of the drill and its mounting embodying the invention,

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of the feed cylinder and part of the control handle therefor,

FIG. 3 is a perspective view, partly broken away, of a part of the contnol handle at the end at which it is attached to the feed cylinder and drill guide,

FIG. 4 is a perspective view, partly broken away, of the drill guide,

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the end of the control handle at which it is held by the operator,

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the connecting rod removed from the feed cylinder,

FIG. 7 is a view of the carriage on which the drill is mounted and slidable in the drill guide, and

FIG. 8 is an end view of the drill carriage looking from the right hand of FIG. 7.

Referring to the drawing, the pneumatic drill 10 provided with a drill steel 12, adapted to punch the crust above described, is mounted on a carriage 14 slidable on a drill guide 16 and moved forward and back by a feed mechanism 18, and guided by a handle 20'. The mounting is adapted to be suspended from a hanger 22 only the lower part of the hanger being shown it being understood that hanger 22 is movable in any well known manner from place to place.

Guide 16 is a composite structure consisting of the U-shaped portion 24 the legs of which terminate in smooth flat surfaces 26 which with the upper legs 28 of angle members 30 form ways or slots 32 to slidably receive the longitudinal ribs 34 of carriage 14. Members 30 and the legs of U-shaped member 24 are serrated on their mutually contacting

faces

36 and 38 so that as wear takes place in slots 32 adjustment can thereby be provided. As indicated, members 30' and 24 are tied to gether with suitable bolts 40. At the rear end of guide 16 is provided a pair of flanged plates 42 for attachment to the feed cylinder 18 and coupling means or connector 94. The coupling means 94 will hereinafter be referred to as the connector 94.

Drill carriage 14 is adapted to support drill 10 rigidly and for this purpose is provided with ribs 44 for centralizing drill 10, and a rearwardly extending plate 46 to which the rear end of drill 10 is adapted to be bolted. Pneumatic feed mechanism is provided for advancing and retracting drill 10 on guide 16. It includes a tubular cylinder 48 within which is adapted to reciprocate a piston 50. Piston 50 is adapted to reciprocate between a back head 52 screwed on cylinder 48 and the front cylinder head 54. Being actuated pneumatically, air is admitted through back head 52 at a threaded aperture 56 into the rear of cylinder 48 behind piston 56. In order to prevent slamming of piston 50 against back head 52 these two parts are formed to provide the effect of a dash-pot controlled cushion. For this purpose piston 50 is formed with a stem portion 58 adapted to enter a small bore 60 in head 52 thus forming a cushioning chamber 62, from which the trapped air can escape only by way of a restricted passage 64 extending from chamber 62 to the tapped supply hole 56 by way of a cross bore 66. An additional passage 68 leading to chamber 62 is also provided but is provided with a ball check valve 70 held on its seat -by a spring 72 so that it permits air to enter chamber 62 from the supply bore 56 but escape there-from is prevented in the opposite direction. A similar dashpot effect is provided between piston 50 and front head 54 by a skirt 74 provided on piston 50' which slides into a space provided between front head 54 and cylinder 48 trapping air in the chamber 76 within skirt '74. The escape of air from this chamber is restricted by a ball check valve 78 controlling a port 80 leading by way of a passage 82 to the clearance between skirts 74 and cylinder 48.

Front head 54 is flanged as shown at 84 to abut the end of cylinder 48 and abuts the plate 89. To hold feed cylinder 13 in position, cylinder 48 is provided with a collar 88 which may be welded fast to the end of cylinder 48 and terminate at substantially the same level as the end of front head 54. The back edge of collar 88 provides an abutting surface for the shoulder 90 formed in the en circling end of the laterally extending handle 20 which is in this instance formed of a separate piece as shown in FIG. 3. Shoulder 96 is formed at one end of a bore 92 in connector 94 and encircles cylinder 48 acting as a clamping ring to hold cylinder 48 in bore 92, and at the other end, plate 89 is screwed to connector (not shown) securing the cylinder 48. Connector 94 and drill guide 16 are connected to each other by bolts 98 passing through holes 96, plate 8? and flanges 86. For the admission of air to the interior of cylinder 48 connector 94 is provided with a tapped passage 1% leading by way of a bore 162 to the space around collar 88, and by way of ports 104 in collar 88, and an additional port 196 in cylinder 48 is registry therewithactuating pressure fluid can, enter the interior of cylinder 48. Suitable O-rings 1% at either side shown in FIG. 6. Connecting rod 118 and tube are Patented Oct. 15, 1963 I 3 held together by a tie rod 120 which screws into piston 50 at one end and into connecting rod 118 at the other end. Connecting rod 118 is provided at its forward end with an aperture 122 having a bearing bushing 124 adapted to encircle a wrist pin 126 fitting in an aperture 128 formed in a boss 130 on the bottom of carriage 14.

The difficulty of lubricating the bearing thus formed is met by the introduction of a small amount of the actuating pressure fluid for motivating this entire mechanism by way of a small hole 132 extending from the hole 122, the entire length of connecting rod 118 and by way of a small transverse port 134 and a slot 136 formed in the back end of connecting rod 118 to the space between tie rod 120 and tube 110. Adjacent the back end of tie rod 120, piston 50 is provided with a small leak passage 139 leading to an axial hole 138 extending through piston 50. In stem 58 at the end of axial hole 138 is leak passage 140 which will leak a small amount of pressure fluid by way of the passages above described to the bearing 124. When pressure fluid is supplied for operating tools of this character a certain amount of lubricant is always supplied and a small amount of lubricant which will leak with the leakage air to bearing 124 is sufiicient to take care of lubrication of that hearing.

The control handle consists of a tubular member 142 fitting into a bore 144 in the boss 146 of control handle and connector 94 and held therein by a linch pin 148. Member 142 extends to and joins a second tubular member 150 being attached thereto by a plug 152, suitable pins 154 being provided to stabilize the connection. Tubular member 150 terminates in a guard member 156 having a downwardly extending plate 158 and a plate 160' perpendicular thereto, the two being braced together by a wall 162 at one end. The guard 156 protects a bar handle 164 in rectangular form of which the ends are held in member 150 by a linch pin 166. To protect against the heat and electric current,

tubes

142 and 150 are encased in a tubular insulator 168.

The connector 94 is provided with a boss 170 having a transverse hole 172 to receive a bar 174 supported from hanger 22. Bar 174 is adapted to be received in a variety of positions with respect to hanger 22 and for this purpose hanger 22 which is provided with a vertically supported I-beam 176 has a number of tubes inserted transversely therein as shown at 178 into any one of which bar 174 can be placed. Inasmuch as these are at various heights a measure of height adjustability is provided.

The lowest tube 178 is provided with a projecting bar 180 which will abut recessed portion 173 of the connector 94 to limit the swing of the drill mounting angularly. A bent bar 182 is mounted on I-beam 176 and has an opened portion adapted to encircle and protect the upper part of feed mechanism 18.

Compressed air or any suitable pressure fluid is introduced at the threaded hole 100 by a pipe 186 extending parallel to cylinder 48 fitted with suitable hose 188 leading to a source of compressed air 190. Thus air is introduced into the interior of cylinder 48 to constantly urge piston 50 to its upper position pulling drill 10 into its retracted position. This is opposed by air introduced at the threaded aperture 56 by way of a hose 192 also connected to the source of pressure fluid 190 by way of a valve 194 of any suitable description. Thus by operating valve 194 air will enter the upper end of cylinder 48 to shove piston 50 forward inasmuch as the area exposed to air pressure from the upper side is greater than the exposed area on the opposite face of piston 50. Simultaneously, by actuation of valve 194, compressed air will be provided by way of pipe 196 to threaded aperture 198 adjacent the threaded aperture 100 and connecting with a transverse threaded hole 200 to which is connected a fitting and hose connection 202 leading to drill 10.

For the purpose of protecting drill steel 12 a guard is provided at the front head of guide 16 that consists of a pair of plates 204 bolted to the side plates of drill guide '4 16. Renewable face plates 206 suitably bolted to side plates 204 are provided as these guards are subject to very considerable abuse.

In operation when hanger 22 has been located suitably with respect to the work to be performed the operator grasping handle 164, steers the mounting to direct drill steel 12 suitably and by manipulation of valve 194 ad vances drill 10 through the supply of motive fluid into cylinder 48 and simultaneous operation of drill 19 by supply of motive fluid by way of pipe 196. The drilling operation is very intermittent and requires repeated advancing of the drill 10 and retraction by way of the feed cylinder 10. The drill steel 12 is steered by the operator who grasps the handle 164 and is protected from the intense heat by guard 156. Excessive swinging of the mounting is prevented by the recessed portion 173 and bent bar 132 which limit the motion of the mounting.

Thus by the above construction are accomplished, among others, the objects hereinbefore referred to.

We claim:

1. In combination with a pneumatic drill, a drill mounting comprising a drill guide, a pneumatic feed cylinder for the drill, a piston within said cylinder, a tube extending longitudinally in said cylinder and into said piston, a tie rod extending axially in said tube and at one end engaging said piston, a space defined between said rod and tube, a connecting rod engaging the pneumatic drill at one end and engaging an end of said tie rod and said tube to hold said tube in said piston, passage means within said piston and said connecting rod for conveying pressure fluid to and from the space between said tube and said tie rod, a head for said cylinder detachably mounted on said guide, and a seal in said head slidingly engaging said tube.

2. In combination with a pneumatic drill, a drill mounting comprising a drill guide, a pneumatic feed cylinder for the drill, a piston within said cylinder, a tube extending longitudinally in said cylinder and into said piston, a tie rod extending axially in said tube and at one end engaging said piston, a connecting rod having a bearing for engagement with the pneumatic drill and engaging an end of said tie rod and said tube to hold said tube in said piston, a passage in said piston for conveying pressure fluid to the space between said tube and said tie rod, a passage in said connecting rod for conveying pressure fluid from the space between said tube and said tie rod to said bearing, a head for said cylinder detachably mounted on said guide, and a seal in said head slidingly engaging said tube.

3. In combination with a pneumatic drill, a drill mounting comprising a drill guide, a pneumatic feed cylinder for the drill, a piston within said cylinder, a tube extending longitudinally in said cylinder and into said piston, a tie rod extending axially in said tube and at one end engaging said piston, a connecting rod engaging the pneumatic drill at one end and engaging an end of said tie rod and said tube to hold said tube in said piston, a head for said cylinder, coupling means encircling said cylinder and head, a laterally extending control handle operatively connected to said coupling means for guiding said drill, said couplying means coupling said handle, cylinder and head to said guide, and the seal in said head slidingly engaging said tube.

4. In combination with a pneumatic drill, a drill mounting comprising a drill guide, a feed cylinder for the drill, a piston within the cylinder, a tube extending longitudinally in said cylinder and into said piston, a tie rod extending axially in said tube and at one end engaging said piston, a connecting rod engaging the pneumatic drill at one end and engaging an end of said tie rod and said tube to hold said tube in said piston, a collar at an end of said cylinder, a head for said cylinder, a connector encircling said cylinder, said head and said collar, a laterally extending control handle connected to said connector for guiding said drill, said connector coupling said handle, cylinder and head to said guide, and a seal in said head slidingly engaging said tube.

5. A mounting for a pneumatic drill as set forth in claim 4 in which said connector is provided with ports for connection with a source of pressure fluid, said cylinder is ported and is connected to said connector through said collar for conducting pressure fluid from said connector ports to the cylinder interior.

6. A mounting for a pneumatic drill as set forth in claim 5 in which the end of said cylinder adjacent said 1 guide is in constant communication with such source of pressure fluid.

5 the cylinder to retract said drill.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,336,930 Stage Apr. 13, 1920 1,980,256 Curtis Nov. 13, 19-34 2,078,780 Slater Apr. 27, 1937 2,787,250 Feucht et a1. Apr. 2, 1957

Claims

1. IN COMBINATION WITH A PNEUMATIC DRILL, A DRILL MOUNTING COMPRISING A DRILL GUIDE, A PNEUMATIC FEED CYLINDER FOR THE DRILL, A PISTON WITHIN SAID CYLINDER, A TUBE EXTENDING LONGITUDINALLY IN SAID CYLINDER AND INTO SAID PISTON, A TIE ROD EXTENDING AXIALLY IN SAID TUBE AND AT ONE END ENGAGING SAID PISTON, A SPACE DEFINED BETWEEN SAID ROD AND TUBE, A CONNECTING ROD ENAGING THE PNEUMATIC DRILL AT ONE END AND ENGAGING AN END OF SAID TIE ROD AND SAID TUBE TO HOLD SAID TUBE IN SAID PISTON, PASSAGE MEANS WITHIN SAID PISTON AND SAID CONNECTING ROD FOR CONVEYING PRESSURE FLUID TO AND FROM THE SPACE BETWEEN SAID TUBE AND SAID TIE ROD, A HEAD FOR SAID CYLINDER DETACHABLY MOUNTED ON SAID GUIDE, AND A SEAL IN SAID HEAD SLIDINGLY ENGAGING SAID TUBE.